K-Wire-Assisted Intra-axial Intradural Approach for Cavernous Sinus Biopsy: A Case Report.

Petroclival approaches remain challenging given abundant cranial nerves and vessels. Common trajectories include transsphenoidal, transoral, middle fossa-extradural, and posterior through the cerebellar peduncle. We report a unique intra-axial, intradural approach to the petroclival and cavernous sinus.

AFM41a: A Novel PAD2 Inhibitor for Sepsis Treatment-Efficacy and Mechanism.

(PA) infection can cause pneumonia and sepsis by activating peptidyl-arginine deiminase (PAD) and triggering the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Our previous research has elucidated the crucial role of PAD2 in regulating CitH3 production and NETosis signaling following bacterial infection. Therefore, targeting PAD2 with selective inhibitors holds promise for treating PA-induced sepsis.

Loss of PADI2 and PADI4 ameliorates sepsis-induced acute lung injury by suppressing NLRP3+ macrophages.

Sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) is prevalent in patients with sepsis and has a high mortality rate. Peptidyl arginine deiminase 2 (PADI2) and PADI4 play crucial roles in mediating the host's immune response in sepsis, but their specific functions remain unclear. Our study shows that Padi2-/- Padi4-/- double KO (DKO) improved survival, reduced lung injury, and decreased bacterial load in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) pneumonia-induced sepsis mice.

Neutrophil extracellular traps in homeostasis and disease.

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), crucial in immune defense mechanisms, are renowned for their propensity to expel decondensed chromatin embedded with inflammatory proteins. Our comprehension of NETs in pathogen clearance, immune regulation and disease pathogenesis, has grown significantly in recent years. NETs are not only pivotal in the context of infections but also exhibit significant involvement in sterile inflammation.

MG53 suppresses tumor growth via transcriptional inhibition of KIF11 in pancreatic cancer.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) poses a formidable challenge in oncology due to its limited treatment options and poor long-term survival rates. Our previous work identified MG53, a member of the tripartite motif family protein (TRIM72), as a key player in tissue repair with potential applications in regenerative medicine. Despite the focus on MG53's cytosolic functions, its nuclear role in suppressing pancreatic cancer remains unknown.

Development of brain metastases in non-small-cell lung cancer: high-risk features.

Brain metastases (BM) are a common site of disease progression and treatment failure in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and can be identified in up to 30-50% of patients. Although they are common, there is no standardized screening protocol for development of BM in NSCLC. Multiple clinical variables predict increased BM occurrence, and, when present, should be used to initiate screening MRI.

Implementation of Hepatic Artery Infusion Pump Therapy: Real-World Single-Center Experience.

Background And Objectives: Hepatic artery infusion pump (HAIP) therapy is an available option at highly specialized centers to treat unresectable liver tumors (e.g., colorectal liver metastases [CRLM]).

Severe Spaceflight-Associated Neuro-Ocular Syndrome in an Astronaut With 2 Predisposing Factors.

Importance: Understanding potential predisposing factors associated with spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS) may influence its management.

Objective: To describe a severe case of SANS associated with 2 potentially predisposing factors.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Ocular testing of and blood collections from a female astronaut were completed preflight, inflight, and postflight in the setting of the International Space Station (ISS).

Survival benefit associated with screening of patients at elevated risk for pancreatic cancer.

Unlabelled: BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Screening for pancreatic cancer is recommended for individuals with a strong family history, certain genetic syndromes, or a neoplastic cyst of the pancreas. However, limited data supports a survival benefit attributable to screening these higher-risk individuals.

Methods: All patients enrolled in screening at a High-Risk Pancreatic Cancer Clinic (HRC) from July 2013 to June 2020 were identified from a prospectively maintained institutional database and compared to patients evaluated at a Surgical Oncology Clinic (SOC) at the same institution during the same period.

Comparative accuracy of four guidelines to predict high-grade dysplasia or malignancy in surgically resected pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms: Small nuances between guidelines lead to vastly different results.

Backgrounds/aims: The guidelines regarding the management of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) all have slightly different surgical indications for high-risk lesions. We aim to retrospectively compare the accuracy of four guidelines in recommending surgery for high-risk IPMNs, and assess the accuracy of elevated CA-19-9 levels and imaging characteristics of IPMNs considered high-risk in predicting malignancy or high-grade dysplasia (HGD).

Methods: The final histopathological diagnosis of surgically resected high-risk IPMNs during 2013-2020 were compared to preoperative surgical indications, as enumerated in four guidelines: the 2015 American Gastroenterological Association (AGA), 2017 International Consensus, 2018 European Study Group, and 2018 American College of Gastroenterology (ACG).

MG53 binding to CAV3 facilitates activation of eNOS/NO signaling pathway to enhance the therapeutic benefits of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in diabetic wound healing.

Impaired wound healing in diabetes results from a complex interplay of factors that disrupt epithelialization and wound closure. MG53, a tripartite motif (TRIM) family protein, plays a key role in repairing cell membrane damage and facilitating tissue regeneration. In this study, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were transduced with lentiviral vectors overexpressing MG53 to investigate their efficacy in diabetic wound healing.

Immunotherapy as a Complement to Surgical Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver tumor in adults, and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. While surgical and ablative therapies remain the standard of care in early localized disease, late presentation with advanced stages of disease, impaired hepatic function, or local recurrence following surgical resection preclude operative management as the sole treatment modality in a subgroup of patients. As such, systemic therapies, namely immunotherapy, have become an integral part of the HCC treatment algorithm over the past decade.

Towards sustainable and humane dairy farming: A low-cost electrochemical sensor for on-site diagnosis of milk fever.

Milk fever is a metabolic disorder that predominantly affects dairy animals during the periparturient period and within four weeks of calving. Milk fever is primarily attributed to a decrease in the animal's serum Ca levels. Clinical milk fever occurs when Ca concentration drops below 1.

Galectin inhibitors and nanoparticles as a novel therapeutic strategy for glioblastoma multiforme.

Over the past two decades, the gold standard of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) treatment is unchanged and adjunctive therapy has offered little to prolong both quality and quantity of life. To improve pharmacotherapy for GBM, galectins are being studied provided their positive correlation with the malignancy and disease severity. Despite the use of galectin inhibitors and literature displaying the ability of the lectin proteins to decrease tumor burden and decrease mortality within various malignancies, galectin inhibitors have not been studied for GBM therapy.

Regulatory T cell: a double-edged sword from metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis to hepatocellular carcinoma.

Metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is becoming a leading cause of end-stage liver disease globally. Metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) represents a progressive inflammatory manifestation of MASLD. MASH underlies a versatile and dynamic inflammatory microenvironment, accompanied by aberrant metabolism and ongoing liver regeneration, establishing itself as a significant risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

The Hydrogen Evolution Activity of BaZrS, BaTiS, and BaVS Chalcogenide Perovskites.

Chalcogenide perovskites are a class of materials with electronic and optoelectronic properties desirable for solar cells, infrared optics, and computing. The oxide counterparts of these chalcogenides have been studied extensively for their electrocatalytic and photoelectrochemical properties. As chalcogenide perovskites are more covalent, conductive, and stable, we hypothesize that they are more viable as electrocatalysts than oxide perovskites.

Liver Transplantation for Unresectable Colorectal Liver Metastasis: Perspective and Review of Current Literature.

The treatment of unresectable colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) has previously been limited to palliative chemotherapy. Traditionally, the role of liver transplant has not been associated with sufficient survival to justify a patient undergoing a major operation with the associated requirement for postoperative immunosuppression. With improvements in chemotherapy options, a certain subset of patients can experience stable disease for years, which has prompted investigation into the role of liver transplant in these patients.