Combination antiemetic therapy with aprepitant/fosaprepitant in patients with colorectal cancer receiving oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy in the SENRI trial: analysis of risk factors for vomiting and nausea.

Background: We previously reported in the SENRI trial on the usefulness of aprepitant for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in colorectal cancer patients receiving an oxaliplatin-based regimen which is classified as moderately emetogenic cancer chemotherapy. In the present subgroup analysis of the SENRI trial, we assessed the risk factors for CINV in colorectal cancer patients who received oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy.

Methods: Multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the impact of aprepitant use and patient characteristics on vomiting and nausea.

First-line cetuximab-based chemotherapies for patients with advanced or metastatic wild-type colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most commonly occurring cancers worldwide. A burgeoning number of studies have demonstrated that the addition of cetuximab to another standard first-line regimen markedly improves the outcome of CRC treatment. However, at present, the efficacy and safety of cetuximab-based combination chemotherapy has not been well described in Japan.

Short-term outcomes of laparoscopic surgery for Crohn's disease patients treated with anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha agents.

Purpose: The impact of anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) treatment for Crohn's disease (CD) on surgical outcomes is still controversial. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of laparoscopic surgery for CD patients treated preoperatively with anti-TNFα agents.

Methods: We investigated, retrospectively, the clinical features and surgical outcomes of 35 consecutive CD patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery after receiving scheduled anti-TNFα treatment preoperatively.

Safety of Emulsifying Lipid Formulation Containing Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids for Patients with Crohn's Disease.

Background/aim: The efficacy of omega-3 supplementation by oral capsule for patients with Crohn's disease (CD) remains controversial. We investigated the safety and efficacy of an omega-3 emulsified formulation.

Patients And Methods: Six patients with CD in remission participated in this open-label clinical trial.

Detection of Anorectal Cancer among Patients with Crohn's Disease Undergoing Surveillance with Various Biopsy Methods.

Background/aims: Crohn's disease (CD) is an inflammatory bowel disease. The risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) is increased in patients with CD. In Japan, anorectal cancer accounted for >60% of CRCs associated with CD.

Impact of capecitabine and S-1 on anticoagulant activity of warfarin in patients with gastrointestinal cancer.

Purpose: Capecitabine and S-1 are orally administered fluoropyrimidine anticancer drugs widely used to treat gastrointestinal cancer. While anticoagulant therapy for cancer patients is recommended, many studies have shown that the effects of warfarin are enhanced by its interaction with fluoropyrimidine. We investigated the effects of capecitabine or S-1 on the anticoagulant activity of warfarin in patients coadministered both drugs.

Prediction of Postoperative Complications Following Elective Surgery in Elderly Patients with Colorectal Cancer Using the Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment.

Aims: The study aims to determine whether the Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) could predict complications of colorectal cancer (CRC) surgery and identify the problems. So we compared the prognostic value of the CGA with patient characteristics and determined predictive scores.

Methods: A total of 156 patients aged 75 years and older, who underwent surgery for CRC at Osaka University Hospital, were enrolled.

Regeneration of peritoneal mesothelial cells after placement of hyaluronate carboxymethyl-cellulose (Seprafilm).

Purpose: To examine the regeneration of mesothelium under a bioresorbable membrane.

Methods: A 1 cm piece of peritoneum was resected from both sides of the abdominal wall of retired female mice. A piece of hyaluronate and carboxymethyl-cellulose (Seprafilm) was placed over the wound on one side and the other side was left uncovered.

Full-length LGR5-positive cells have chemoresistant characteristics in colorectal cancer.

Background: Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) is a target of Wnt signalling and considered both a cancer stem cell marker and intestinal stem cell marker. We found first some splice variants of LGR5 in human intestine and elucidated the functional feature of full-length LGR5 (LGR5FL).

Methods: Reverse transcript PCR using mRNA extracted from intestine revealed the existence of LGR5 splice variants.

Patient Body Image and Satisfaction with Surgical Wound Appearance After Reduced Port Surgery for Colorectal Diseases.

Background: The use of reduced port surgery (RPS) is increasing in the field of colorectal surgery. It is considered to offer advantages over conventional multiport surgery (MPS) in terms of decreased invasiveness and superior cosmesis. However, to date there has been no study that evaluates patient satisfaction after undergoing RPS for colorectal diseases.

Micrometastasis Volume in Lymph Nodes Determines Disease Recurrence Rate of Stage II Colorectal Cancer: A Prospective Multicenter Trial.

Purpose: We reported in a retrospective study that the presence of micrometastasis in lymph nodes, when assessed by carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)-specific RT-PCR, is a significant prognostic factor in stage II colorectal cancer. The aim of this study was to clarify the clinical value of micrometastasis in a prospective multicenter trial.

Experimental Design: From November 2001 to December 2005, a total of 419 colorectal cancer cases were preoperatively registered at a central data center.

Comparison of bleeding risks related to venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in laparoscopic vs open colorectal cancer surgery: a multicenter study in Japanese patients.

Background: Venous thromboembolism is the most common preventable cause of hospital death. The objective of this study was to clarify risk factors for postoperative bleeding related to thromboprophylaxis after laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery.

Methods: The study was conducted at 23 Japanese institutions and included patients with colorectal cancer who underwent laparoscopic or open surgery followed by fondaparinux treatment.

BRAF V600E inhibition stimulates AMP-activated protein kinase-mediated autophagy in colorectal cancer cells.

Although BRAF(V600E) mutation is associated with adverse clinical outcomes in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), response and resistance mechanisms for therapeutic BRAF(V600E) inhibitors remains poorly understood. In the present study, we demonstrate that selective BRAF(V600E) inhibition activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which induces autophagy as a mechanism of therapeutic resistance in human cancers. The present data show AMPK-dependent cytoprotective roles of autophagy under conditions of therapeutic BRAF(V600E) inhibition, and AMPK was negatively correlated with BRAF(V600E)-dependent activation of MEK-ERK-RSK signaling and positively correlated with unc-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1), a key initiator of autophagy.

(18)F-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography ((18)F-FDG PET) for the early detection of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer.

Purpose: Early detection of a response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer may spare patients from additional toxic but ineffective chemotherapy. Using (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography ((18)F-FDG PET), we evaluated tumor response prospectively in the early course of preoperative chemotherapy.

Methods: The subjects were 15 patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (XELOX or XELOX plus bevacizumab) for locally advanced rectal cancer.

Characteristics of carbonic anhydrase 9 expressing cells in human intestinal crypt base.

Though recent studies have revealed that stem cells of many tissues are harbored in hypoxic microenvironment, little is known about the relationship between hypoxia and intestinal crypt base, where intestinal stem cells are supposed to exist. In this study, we focused on carbonic anhydrase IX (CA9), a hypoxia-inducible membrane-tethered protein, in normal intestinal crypt base, adenoma and early colorectal cancer. Using surgically resected human colorectal cancer specimen, we searched for the expression pattern and functional association of CA9 in human adult normal intestinal epithelia, adenoma and early colorectal cancer by immunofluorescent and immunohistochemical staining, flow cytometry, and quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction.

The effect of Clostridium butyricum MIYAIRI on the prevention of pouchitis and alteration of the microbiota profile in patients with ulcerative colitis.

Purpose: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic, relapsing, and refractory disorder of the intestine. Total proctocolectomy with ileal pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA) is the preferred and standard surgical procedure for patients' refractory to medical therapy. Pouchitis is one of the most common long-term complications after IPAA.

Single-site laparoscopic colectomy for rectosigmoid cancer with middle aortic syndrome: report of a case.

Introduction: Single-site laparoscopic colectomy (SLC) is a promising minimally invasive and safe treatment for colorectal cancer. Improvements of the working instruments and procedures for SLC have helped to overcome challenges regarding the difficulty of operation, supporting the gradual acceptance of this technique. In contrast, narrow working space of the abdominal cavity sometimes prevents securing an adequate surgical view.

A clinical trial of autologous adipose-derived regenerative cell transplantation for a postoperative enterocutaneous fistula.

Purpose: Adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC) transplantation is expected to be a minimally invasive, but effective, treatment for postoperative enterocutaneous fistulas associated with poor blood flow and chronic inflammation. The aim of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of a novel ADSC therapy for this condition.

Methods: We conducted an open-label, single-arm exploratory phase I study to assess the safety and efficacy of a novel ADSC therapy.

[A Case of Concurrent Cancer in a Giant Rectal Villous Adenoma That Resulted in Extensive Lymph Node Metastases].

The patient was a 72-year-old man. Colonoscopy revealed a circumferential villous tumor with granular aggregates extending from the rectosigmoid (RS) to the lower rectum (Rb). Although most portions were indicative of a villous adenoma, a reddish coarse region at the upper rectum (Ra) was diagnosed as a concurrent adenocarcinoma based on biopsies.

Effect of particle beam radiotherapy on locally recurrent rectal cancer: Three case reports.

Surgical resection is the most effective therapy for locally recurrent rectal cancer (LRRC); however, it often necessitates invasive procedures that may lead to major complications. Particle beam radiotherapy (RT), including carbon ion RT (C-ion RT) and proton beam RT, is a promising new modality that exhibits considerable efficacy against various types of human cancer. C-ion RT reportedly offers a therapeutic alternative for LRRC.

Feasibility of Chemotherapy in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Related Gastrointestinal Cancer.

Background/aims: Long-standing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn disease (CD), is a known risk factor for gastrointestinal (GI) cancer, especially colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the feasibility of chemotherapy for IBD-related GI cancer is not well understood in terms of efficacy and adverse events, because there are fewer GI cancer patients with IBD than without IBD.

Methodology: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of eight IBD patients (CD = 5 and UC = 3) who received chemotherapy for IBD-related GI cancer between April 2003 and March 2013.

Circulating miR-103 and miR-720 as novel serum biomarkers for patients with colorectal cancer.

Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported as a biomarker for human malignancies, including colorectal cancer (CRC). The purpose of this study was to identify a novel biomarker for CRC through examination of serum miRNAs from the patients with CRC. Microarray analysis of miRNA expression was performed using paired pre- and post-operative serum from 10 CRC patients.

Platelet Activation Markers Are Associated with Crohn's Disease Activity in Patients with Low C-Reactive Protein.

Background: In assessing Crohn's disease (CD) activity, C-reactive protein (CRP) is an important indicator of inflammation; however, it is not necessarily associated with the Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI), particularly in patients with low CRP. Recently, platelet activation factors have been recognized due to their importance in the inflammatory response. In this study, we examined associations between the CDAI and platelet factor 4 (PF-4), β-thromboglobulin (β-TG), and other coagulation and fibrinolysis factors.