Examination of the potential clinical application of 5DEX-0509R, the tumor macrophage-targeting nanomedicine.

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are crucial for the detection of infections and activation of downstream signaling pathways that lead to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and interferons. Because of their strong immunostimulatory activity, TLRs are thought to be a "double-edged sword" for systemic treatment, even in the cancer field. To solve this, we have developed dextran-based TAM targeting activator conjugate (D-TAC) technology which successfully uses tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) to deliver the TLR7 agonist DSP-0509.

Vegetation at the former open-pit Ningyo-toge mine, 36 years after closure treatment: Impact of soil cover on woody plant establishment and dominance of the perennial herb Miscanthus sinensis.

Soil cover is a prevailing method used at mine sites to ensure the safety of hazardous materials and restore ecological functions when the base materials are unfavorable for plant growth. The former open-pit Ningyo-toge Mine was backfilled with overburden and neutralized smelting residues and covered with soil in 1987. After 36 years, the vegetation remained dominated by the perennial herb Miscanthus sinensis, and woody plant establishment did not progress successfully.

The first year results of mizoribine/tacrolimus-based multitarget treatment for consecutive patients with lupus nephritis.

Background: Despite the high efficacy of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF)/tacrolimus-based multitarget treatment, risks of infections are a matter of concern. In the present study, we clarified the potential of multitarget therapy using mizoribine opposed to MMF.

Methods: A total of 36 patients with biopsy-proven lupus nephritis were treated with mizoribine, tacrolimus, and glucocorticoids and then retrospectively evaluated.

SU-E-T-395: Achievability and Optimization of Synchrotron-Based Respiratory Gated Spot Scanning Proton Beam Delivery.

Purpose: The purpose was to investigate the interplay of residual motion in realistically delivered respiratory gated spot scanning proton beam by a synchrotron.

Methods: A MatriXX 2D ion-chamber array detector was placed on a moving platform. The platform with the 2D ion-chamber array detector was moved based on sin4 motion with 3s and 5s cycle and 20 mm amplitude.

Hydrocortisone inhibits cellular proliferation by downregulating hepatocyte growth factor synthesis in human osteoblasts.

Glucocorticoids have multiple systemic effects that may influence bone metabolism but also directly affect osteoblasts by decreasing their proliferation. Using human osteoblastic SaM-1 cells, we examined whether the effects of hydrocortisone on cellular proliferation are mediated by hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Human osteoblasts constitutively express both HGF and c-Met, its receptor.

Inhibitory effect of vitamin K(2) on interleukin-1beta-stimulated proliferation of human osteoblasts.

The effect of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1beta on the cellular proliferation of human osteoblastic cells (SaM-1) and osteosarcoma-derived cells (SaOS-2, HOS, and MG-63) was examined. IL-1beta stimulated the proliferation of SaM-1 and MG-63 cells, but had no effect on that of SaOS-2 or HOS cells. Using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis, the mRNA expression of IL-1 receptor type I (IL-1R1) was detected in SaM-1 and MG-63 cells consistently, but not in SaOS-2 or HOS cells in the proliferative stage.

Efficiency of respiratory-gated delivery of synchrotron-based pulsed proton irradiation.

Significant differences exist in respiratory-gated proton beam delivery with a synchrotron-based accelerator system when compared to photon therapy with a conventional linear accelerator. Delivery of protons with a synchrotron accelerator is governed by a magnet excitation cycle pattern. Optimal synchronization of the magnet excitation cycle pattern with the respiratory motion pattern is critical to the efficiency of respiratory-gated proton delivery.

Correlation between internal fiducial tumor motion and external marker motion for liver tumors imaged with 4D-CT.

Purpose: We investigated the correlation between the motions of an external marker and internal fiducials implanted in the liver for 8 patients undergoing respiratory-based computed tomography (four-dimensional CT [4D-CT]) procedures.

Methods And Materials: The internal fiducials were gold seeds, 3 mm in length and 1.2 mm in diameter.

Low-temperature dynamic light scattering. I. Structural reorganization and physical gel formation in cellulose triacetate/methyl acetate dilute solution at -99 - 45 degrees C.

Curious low-temperature solubility of cellulose triacetates (CTA; here we use nominally "CTA," but the sample still contains 7% of C-6 position hydroxyls) in an organic solvent, methyl acetate (MA), was studied by a newly designed low-temperature type of DLS apparatus, which enabled for the first time to investigate the structural change of CTA in solution from 45 degrees C down to -100 degrees C. A molecularly dissolved CTA was found to coexist with three types of self-assemblies over all the temperature ranges except for the three specific temperatures T* of 30, -10, and -75 degrees C. However, these multiple self-assemblies are not in real thermodynamic equilibrium but in a metastable state, which could be stabilized effectively by the intermolecular hydrogen bonding (HB) with the help of the dipole interaction at low temperatures.

Correlation between the respiratory waveform measured using a respiratory sensor and 3D tumor motion in gated radiotherapy.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the correlation between the respiratory waveform measured using a respiratory sensor and three-dimensional (3D) tumor motion.

Methods And Materials: A laser displacement sensor (LDS: KEYENCE LB-300) that measures distance using infrared light was used as the respiratory sensor. This was placed such that the focus was in an area around the patient's navel.

Structure transition in myosin association with the change of concentration: solubility equilibrium under specified KCl and pH condition.

We observed, for the first time, the elementary process for the ordered self-assembly formation of myosin in solution. It was realized exclusively under the specific condition of 200 mM KCl, 5 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7.08, at 15-20 degrees C, which is called the transition-generating condition (TGC).

Modeling of daily operation in proton radiotherapy by Monte Carlo method.

A simple model for efficiency analysis of daily operation in proton radiotherapy is applied to numerical calculation with fixed time advancing. For the simplifying, man power is assumed to be enough and troubles in the equipments are ignored. To generate random numbers which become the time for adjusting the patient position and for waiting the next patient, typical probability distributions are utilized in the simulation.

[Respiration gated CT scanning for radiation treatment planning by guided respiration method].

In Proton Medical Research Center (PMRC), we have performed the respiration-gated irradiation for treating the tumor in the body trunk. In the conventional method, patients must hold their expiration during CT scanning. The phase of holding expiration is different from the end-expiration phase.

The direct measurement using an imaging plate for coincidence of radiation centre and laser position in external radiation therapy.

A new method of quality assurance has been studied to measure coincidence of the radiation centre and a patient-setup laser position on a transverse plane to the beam at the isocentre. This measurement is achieved by using an imaging plate (IP). When radiation is applied to an IP, the energy is stored as trapped electrons.

Reorganization of dynamic self-assemblies of cellulose diacetate in solution: dynamical critical-like fluctuations in the lower critical solution temperature system.

Dynamics of cellulose diacetate (CDA, the total degree of substitution (TDS) = 2.44) in dimethylacetamide (DMAc) in dilute solution was investigated at 2, 10, 20, 30, 40, 49.7, and 61.

Regioselectively substituted 6-O- and 2,3-di-O-acetyl-6-O-triphenylmethylcellulose: its chain dynamics and hydrophobic association in polar solvents.

Two kinds of regioselectively substituted cellulose derivatives, i.e., 6-O-triphenylmethylcellulose (6TC) and 2,3-di-O-acetyl-6-O-triphenylmethylcellulose (2,3Ac6TC), were prepared via cellulose.

Dosimetry of pulsed clinical proton beams by a small ionization chamber.

Response of a micro volume (0.01 ml) ionization chamber has been studied with pulsed proton beams which are used for clinical purposes and has been compared with those of some JARP ionization chambers (0.6 ml).

Acylated delphinidin 3-rutinoside-5-glucosides in the flowers of Petunia reitzii.

Two acylated anthocyanins were isolated from selected individuals of Petunia reitzii, and identified to be delphinidin 3-O-[6-O-(4-O-(4-O-(6-O-(trans-caffeoyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-tr ans-p-coumaroyl)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside]- 5-O-[beta-D-glucopyranoside] and delphinidin 3-O-[6-O-(4-O-(4-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-trans-p-coumaroyl)-alph a-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside]-5-O-[beta-D-glucopyranoside ]. Nine known anthocyanins were also identified.

Differences in the floral anthocyanin content of red petunias and Petunia exserta.

In order to resolve a conflict between previous papers regarding the floral anthocyanins of red flowers of Petunia exserta, a naturally occurring species, the HPLC profile of this species was compared with that of commercial red garden petunias. Both HPLC profiles extremely superficially resemble each other in terms of relative amounts and retention times of the major anthocyanins. However, co-elution on HPLC of the mixed sample resulted in clear separation of the components.

Substituent Distribution in Cellulose Acetates: Its Control and the Effect on Structure Formation in Solution.

Architecture-regulated cellulose derivatives were prepared by regioselective substitution of C-2, -3, and -6 position hydroxyls in cellulose by O-acetyls or trityls. Their dynamic structures formed in polar solvents were compared with those by the commercial cellulose acetates where the distribution of hydroxyls and O-acetyls was nearly random in the chain. It was found that the difference in the chain architecture induces a large difference in the chain conformation, the solubility, and the clustering mechanism and structures; i.

Arteriovenous malformation with crossed total hemiatrophy: a case report.

A case of crossed total hemiatrophy (right side of the face, and left side of the trunk and left extremities) with a right precentral to central arteriovenous malformation is reported. The atrophy of trunk and extremities was well accounted for by the contralateral arteriovenous malformation, but a pathological early auditory response was the only brainstem sign possibly related to the facial atrophy.