Soft Tissue Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit Revealed Detailed Musculoskeletal Factors of Baseball Players.

Weng, Y-H, Huang, T-S, Chang, C-Y, Yang, J-L, Chen, W-S, and Lin, J-J. Soft tissue glenohumeral internal rotation deficit revealed detailed musculoskeletal factors of baseball players. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2024-Glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD) remains contentious regarding its role in shoulder injuries.

Effect of Repetitive Pitching on the Control of Lower Extremity Joints and Center of Mass in Collegiate Baseball Pitchers.

Background: Repetitive motion can alter joint angles and subsequently affect the control of the center of mass (CoM). While the CoM has been studied as a fatigue indicator in various sports, the control of the whole-body CoM during repetitive pitching in baseball pitchers has not been examined. This study aimed to investigate changes in lower-extremity joint angles and CoM control in collegiate baseball pitchers after repetitive pitching.

Pitching Biomechanics and Shoulder Function in Baseball Pitchers with Scapular Dyskinesis.

The primary purpose was to investigate the influence of scapular dyskinesis (SD) on pitching biomechanics and shoulder function in high school baseball pitchers. The secondary purpose was to identify possible factors associated with shoulder function in pitchers with SD. Thirty-eight pitchers were classified into the SD group (n=26) or the non-SD group (n=12).

Effects of Upper Trapezius Myofascial Trigger Points on Scapular Kinematics and Muscle Activation in Overhead Athletes.

Prolonged overactivity of the upper trapezius muscle with myofascial trigger points might cause muscle fatigue and subsequently change scapular kinematics and associated muscular activities. Scapular kinematics and associated muscular activities were investigated in 17 overhead athletes with upper trapezius myofascial trigger points and 17 controls before and after a fatigue task. Participants performed a fatigue task requiring sustained isometric scapular elevation.

Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit on Pitching Biomechanics and Muscle Activity.

To characterize the scapular pitching biomechanics in symptomatic GIRD pitchers (SG) compared to asymptomatic GIRD (ASG) and healthy pitchers. The scapular kinematics and associated muscle activities during pitching were recorded in 33 high school pitchers. Compared to healthy, GIRD pitchers had less scapular posterior tilt in each pitching event (average difference, AD=14.

Clinical Factors Related to Improved Scapular Control After a Scapular Conscious Control Program in Symptomatic Overhead Athletes: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Predictive variables associated with the effects of a scapular conscious control program should be identified and used to guide rehabilitation programs.

Purpose: To determine whether potential factors are associated with the success of scapular muscle balance with an early control program in patients with subacromial pain and scapular dyskinesis.

Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Measurement of scapular prominence in symptomatic dyskinesis using a novel scapulometer: reliability and the relationship to shoulder dysfunction.

Background: No previous studies have investigated whether the extent of scapular dyskinesis is associated with shoulder dysfunction. This study aimed (1) to establish the reliability of a scapulometer in patients with shoulder pain and (2) to investigate the related factors associated with shoulder dysfunction.

Methods: One hundred participants with symptomatic scapular dyskinesis were recruited.

Single-Session Video and Electromyography Feedback in Overhead Athletes With Scapular Dyskinesis and Impingement Syndrome.

Context: Subacromial impingement syndrome (SIS) is associated with scapular dyskinesis, or imbalanced scapular muscle activity. Evidence has shown that feedback can improve scapular control in patients with SIS. However, it is unknown whether real-time video feedback or electromyography (EMG) biofeedback is optimal for improving scapular kinematics and muscle activity during a functional task.

Progressive conscious control of scapular orientation with video feedback has improvement in muscle balance ratio in patients with scapular dyskinesis: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Video feedback (VF) can guide patients to consciously control scapular orientation without inappropriate substitution. This study investigated whether progressive conscious control with VF improves scapular muscle activation and movements during arm elevation in patients with subacromial impingement and scapular dyskinesis.

Methods: The study recruited 38 amateur overhead athletes with subacromial impingement and scapular medial border prominence who were randomly assigned to the VF or control group.

Effects of trapezius kinesio taping on scapular kinematics and associated muscular activation in subjects with scapular dyskinesis.

Study Design: Crossover repeated-measure design.

Introduction: Scapular dyskinesis rehabilitation programs that focus on inhibiting upper trapezius (UT) and activating the lower trapezius (LT) may assist in restoring scapular movements. We hypothesized that taping may be able to normalize scapular movements and associated muscular recruitment.

Measurement of scapular medial border and inferior angle prominence using a novel scapulometer: A reliability and validity study.

Background: Previous studies have proposed various ways to assess scapular dyskinesis. In clinic, assessment tools designed to measure the posterior displacement of the inferior angle of the scapula with reference to the posterior thoracic cage are needed.

Objectives: A novel scapulometer was developed to measure scapular medial border and inferior angle prominence.

Movement Pattern of Scapular Dyskinesis in Symptomatic Overhead Athletes.

This study investigated the characteristics of arm elevation via principal component analysis in symptomatic overhead athletes with scapular dyskinesis. One hundred-thirty-four overhead athletes with scapular dyskinesis [24: inferior angle prominence (pattern I); 46: medial border prominence (pattern II), 64: pattern I + II] were evaluated by three-dimensional electromagnetic motion and electromyography to record the scapular kinematics (upward rotation/posterior tipping/exterior rotation) and muscle activation (upper trapezius: UT; middle trapezius: MT; lower trapezius: LT; serratus anterior: SA) during lowering phase of arm elevation. The results showed: (1) for pattern I and II, the first 3 principal component (PCs) explained 41.

Scapular dyskinesis: Patterns, functional disability and associated factors in people with shoulder disorders.

Background: Patterns of scapular dyskinesis have unique scapular kinematics and associated muscular activation. The characteristics of unique dyskinesis patterns may be associated with functional disability.

Objectives: To investigate whether the shoulder function level and primary dysfunction items were different in unique dyskinesis pattern.

Alterations of scapular kinematics and associated muscle activation specific to symptomatic dyskinesis type after conscious control.

Background: Scapular orientation and movements can affect the function of the shoulder. However, evidence is limited on whether symptomatic subjects can actively maintain the scapula in a neutral position through conscious control.

Objective: To investigate whether symptomatic subjects with scapular dyskinesis can achieve optimal scapular movements and associated muscle activities through conscious control.

Specific kinematics and associated muscle activation in individuals with scapular dyskinesis.

Background: Knowledge of the kinematics and associated muscular activity in individuals with scapular dyskinesis may provide insight into the injury mechanism and inform the planning of treatment strategies. We investigated scapular kinematics and associated muscular activation during arm movements in individuals with scapular dyskinesis.

Methods: A visual-based palpation method was used to evaluate 82 participants with unilateral shoulder pain.

Comprehensive classification test of scapular dyskinesis: A reliability study.

Background: Assessment of scapular dyskinesis (SD) is of clinical interest, as SD is believed to be related to shoulder pathology. However, no clinical assessment with sufficient reliability to identify SD and provide treatment strategies is available.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the reliability of the comprehensive SD classification method.

Shoulder physical activity, functional disability and task difficulties in patients with stiff shoulders: interpretation from RT3 accelerator.

We determined whether the degree of symptom-related functional disability was related to daily physical activity of the shoulder in subjects with stiff shoulders (SSs). Responsiveness and a clinically meaningful level of discrimination between improvement and non-improvement for shoulder physical activity (SPA) were determined. Twenty-six subjects with SSs participated.

Two stretching treatments for the hamstrings: proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation versus kinesio taping.

Context: Recent studies have shown that the static stretch (SS) may adversely affect leg-muscle performance.

Objectives: The authors examined the short-term effects of 2 stretching exercises on hamstrings muscle before and after exercise.

Design: Crossover.

Relationship between trapezius muscle activity and typing speed: taping effect.

Clinically, over-activation of upper trapezius (UT) muscular activity is a common cause of symptoms in computer users. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between trapezius muscular activity and typing speed with and without taping. Twelve participants performed a typing task for 15 min with and without taping on the UT muscle.