mTOR inhibitors potentially preserve fertility in female patients with haematopoietic malignancies: a narrative review.

Haematologic malignancies are considered among the more common adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancers. Many female AYA patients with haematopoietic malignancies face impaired fertility. Haematologic malignancies patients tend to be treated with more aggressive systemic chemotherapy than that of solid tumours.

Balancing Fertility Preservation and Treatment Efficacy in (Neo)adjuvant Therapy for Adolescent and Young Adult Breast Cancer Patients: a Narrative Review.

Purpose Of Review: Adolescent and young adult (AYA) breast cancer survivors face a significant risk of infertility due to the gonadotoxic effects of (neo)adjuvant therapy, which complicates their ability to conceive post-treatment. While (neo)adjuvant therapy primarily aims to improve recurrence-free and overall survival, fertility preservation strategies should also be considered for young patients. This narrative review explores recent advancements in fertility preservation techniques, such as oocyte, embryo, and ovarian tissue cryopreservation, and evaluates the feasibility of modifying breast cancer (neo)adjuvant therapy to preserve fertility without compromising survival outcomes.

Duodenal stenosis due to small lymphocele after para-aortic lymphadenectomy: A case report and review of the literature.

Objective: We present an unusual case of a small para-aortic lymphocele causing duodenal stenosis after lymphadenectomy and discuss its treatment.

Case Report: Our case involved a 57-year-old woman with endometrial cancer who underwent surgery, including para-aortic lymphadenectomy. On postoperative day 7, projectile vomiting occurred.

Emergency Surgery for Adnexal Torsion in Late Preterm Pregnancy Causing Term Vaginal Delivery: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Adnexal cyst torsion in late preterm pregnancies is rare, but it frequently causes secondary uterine contractions. Thus, deciding on performing a simultaneous cesarean section due to the potential for early postoperative labor onset is crucial despite no obstetric indications. Here, we report a case of adnexal torsion at 34 weeks of gestation treated with emergency surgery, followed by a full-term vaginal delivery, along with a literature review.

Rapamycin prevents cyclophosphamide-induced ovarian follicular loss and potentially inhibits tumour proliferation in a breast cancer xenograft mouse model.

Study Question: To what extent and via what mechanism does the concomitant administration of rapamycin (a follicle activation pathway inhibitor and antitumour agent) and cyclophosphamide (a highly toxic ovarian anticancer agent) prevent cyclophosphamide-induced ovarian reserve loss and inhibit tumour proliferation in a breast cancer xenograft mouse model?

Summary Answer: Daily concomitant administration of rapamycin and a cyclic regimen of cyclophosphamide, which has sufficient antitumour effects as a single agent, suppressed cyclophosphamide-induced primordial follicle loss by inhibiting primordial follicle activation in a breast cancer xenograft mouse model, suggesting the potential of an additive inhibitory effect against tumour proliferation.

What Is Known Already: Cyclophosphamide stimulates primordial follicles by activating the mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, resulting in the accumulation of primary follicles, most of which undergo apoptosis. Rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor, regulates primordial follicle activation and exhibits potential inhibitory effects against breast cancer cell proliferation.

Effectiveness of an articulating laparoscopic needle holder for cesarean scar defect repair.

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of an articulating laparoscopic needle holder in laparoscopic surgery for cesarean scar defect.

Methods: We performed a retrospective case-control study at the Shiga University of Medical Science. Patients who underwent laparoscopic uterine scar repair were divided into an articulating laparoscopic needle holder (ArtiSential®) group and a rigid needle holder (conventional) group to compare the suture and total operative times.

Cases of pleural effusion possibly due to clinical pleuroperitoneal communication in the perioperative period of emergency gynecologic surgery: Case series and literature review.

Pleuroperitoneal communication poses a respiratory failure risk due to pleural fluid accumulation with thoracic migration of ascites. Here, we discuss the following cases: Case 1: A woman was diagnosed with a ruptured ovarian tumor with right pleural fluid and ascites, without respiratory failure. Ovarian cystectomy was performed with inadequate removal of ascites.

Locally advanced endometrial cancer with multiple immune-related adverse events coinciding with the complete response to radiotherapy after immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: A case report.

We report a case of a 70-year-old female patient with locally advanced endometrial cancer with primary empty sella who developed multiple immune-related adverse events (irAEs), including hypopituitarism coinciding with the complete response to radiotherapy after receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors. A computed tomography scan acquired after a traffic accident led to the discovery of endometrial cancer that had invaded the vulva and primary empty sella. Following adriamycin and cisplatin, pembrolizumab was administered for three cycles.

Prevalence, definition, and etiology of cesarean scar defect and treatment of cesarean scar disorder: A narrative review.

Background: Cesarean scar defects (CSD) are caused by cesarean sections and cause various symptoms. Although there has been no previous consensus on the name of this condition for a long time, it has been named cesarean scar disorder (CSDi).

Methods: This review summarizes the definition, prevalence, and etiology of CSD, as well as the pathophysiology and treatment of CSDi.

The efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy on the survival of early stage endometrial cancer.

Objective: No consensus exists on the adjuvant chemotherapy for the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) Stage I-II endometrial cancer with risk factors for recurrence. This study evaluated adjuvant chemotherapy's efficacy in improving these patients' survival.

Study Design: We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients with FIGO Stage I-II endometrial cancer with recurrence risk factors.

Bovine lactoferrin suppresses inflammatory cytokine expression in endometrial stromal cells in chronic endometritis.

Chronic endometritis (CE) is a type of chronic inflammation in the endometrium that is associated with infertility, which is primarily due to implantation failure. Antibiotics are the most common treatment for CE. However, some patients with CE are resistant to antibiotic treatment, while others refuse this treatment.

Decreased Fertility in Women with Cesarean Scar Syndrome Is Associated with Chronic Inflammation in the Uterine Cavity.

Chronic inflammation in cesarean scar defect contributes to secondary infertility in women with cesarean scar syndrom; however, it remains unclear about the situation of inflammation in uterine cavity in women with cesarean scar syndrome. This ambidirectional cohort study aimed to explore the effect of inflammation in the uterine cavities of women with cesarean scar syndrome on infertility at a single university hospital. The frequency of chronic endometritis in infertile patients was retrospectively compared between the cesarean scar syndrome group and non-cesarean scar syndrome group.

Retinol dehydrogenase 10 contributes to cancer stemness and intracellular carbohydrate storage in ovarian clear cell carcinomas.

Background: Ovarian clear cell carcinomas (OCCCs) have been recurrent and refractory among the present treatments, so novel therapeutics are urgently needed.

Objective: The present study accumulates the proof of concept to examine the feasibility of RDH10 as a therapeutic target for treating OCCCs.

Methods: Immunohistochemically, RDH10 expression was evaluated in 111 primary epithelial ovarian cancers, including 55 OCCCs, 31 ovarian endometrioid carcinomas and 25 ovarian serous carcinomas.

Histopathological evaluation of cesarean scar defect in women with cesarean scar syndrome.

Purpose: To explore the histopathological findings of cesarean scar defect (CSD) and the immunological component in women with cesarean scar syndrome (CSS).

Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in a university hospital and a public hospital. A total of 63 patients with secondary infertility due to CSS who underwent laparoscopic resection of the CSD lesion were enrolled (CSS group), and 21 patients who underwent hysterectomy with a history of cesarean section were enrolled as control (non-CSS group).

Oncologic outcomes in elderly patients who underwent hysterectomy for endometrial cancer: a multi-institutional survey in Kinki District, Japan.

Background: The goal of this study is to assess the oncologic outcomes of elderly patients who underwent hysterectomy for endometrial cancer across three variables: hysterectomy approach, lymph node resection, and adjuvant therapy.

Methods: Hospital records of patients aged ≥ 70 years who underwent hysterectomy for endometrial cancer were obtained from 19 institutions. Patients were categorized into three risk groups: low, intermediate, and high.

The association between chronic deciduitis and preeclampsia.

Chronic deciduitis (CD) is slight inflammation of the decidua found during pregnancy. The cause of preeclampsia is thought to be placental hypoplasia, and various theories have been proposed to explain the detailed mechanism; however, its association with decidual inflammation is unclear. A retrospective case control study was conducted in a single university.