Specific consistency score for rational selection of epilepsy resection surgery candidates.

Objective: Degree of indication for epilepsy surgery is determined by taking multiple factors into account. This study aimed to investigate the usefulness of the Specific Consistency Score (SCS), a proposed score for focal epilepsy to rate the indication for epilepsy focal resection.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients considered for resective epilepsy surgery in Kyoto University Hospital from 2011 to 2022.

Neuronal Loss in the Bilateral Medial Frontal Lobe Revealed by I-iomazenil Single-photon Emission Computed Tomography in Patients with Moyamoya Disease: The First Report from Cognitive Dysfunction Survey of Japanese Patients with Moyamoya Disease (COSMO-Japan Study).

Cognitive impairment in adult patients with moyamoya disease (MMD) is sometimes overlooked and can occur in patients with no ischemic or hemorrhagic lesions. Better profiling and reliable diagnostic methods that characterize the group and associate the impairments and pathology of MMD are required in order to deliver appropriate treatments and support. The potential of I-iomazenil single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) for this issue has been reported in some studies, but the universality of this method remains unclear.

Country-level gender inequality is associated with structural differences in the brains of women and men.

Gender inequality across the world has been associated with a higher risk to mental health problems and lower academic achievement in women compared to men. We also know that the brain is shaped by nurturing and adverse socio-environmental experiences. Therefore, unequal exposure to harsher conditions for women compared to men in gender-unequal countries might be reflected in differences in their brain structure, and this could be the neural mechanism partly explaining women's worse outcomes in gender-unequal countries.

Life Habits and Mental Health: Behavioural Addiction, Health Benefits of Daily Habits, and the Reward System.

In this review, the underlying mechanisms of health benefits and the risk of habitual behaviours such as internet use and media multitasking were explored, considering their associations with the reward/motivation system. The review highlights that several routines that are beneficial when undertaken normally may evolve into excessive behaviour and have a negative impact, as represented by "the inverted U-curve model". This is especially critical in the current era, where technology like the internet has become mainstream despite the enormous addictive risk.

Autistic traits are associated with the functional connectivity of between-but not within-attention systems in the general population.

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated that individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit dysfunction in the three attention systems (i.e., alerting, orienting, and executive control) as well as atypical relationships among these systems.

Mental Health Problems and Their Association With Internet Use in Medical Residents.

Mental health problems (MHP) among medical residents are often found in clinical settings and sometimes lead to professional lapses. Evidence suggests that excessive Internet use is associated with MHP. We investigated the MHP of residents (depression, anxiety, and self-esteem) and their association with Internet use using a longitudinal design.

Relationship between media multitasking and functional connectivity in the dorsal attention network.

With the development of digital technology, media multitasking behaviour, which is using two or more media simultaneously, has become more commonplace. There are two opposing hypotheses of media multitasking with regard to its impact on attention. One hypothesis claims that media multitasking can strengthen attention control, and the other claims heavy media multitaskers are less able to focus on relevant tasks in the presence of distractors.

Psychological resilience is correlated with dynamic changes in functional connectivity within the default mode network during a cognitive task.

Resilience is a dynamic process that enables organisms to cope with demanding environments. Resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) studies have demonstrated a negative correlation between resilience and functional connectivities (FCs) within the default mode network (DMN). Considering the on-demand recruitment process of resilience, dynamic changes in FCs during cognitive load increases may reflect essential aspects of resilience.

Development of a Japanese Version of the Daily Record of Severity of Problems for Diagnosing Premenstrual Syndrome.

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) causes physical and mental symptoms in women during the luteal phase of the menstruation cycle. To confirm the relationship between symptoms and the menstruation cycle, daily symptom records are essential for diagnosing PMS. The daily record of severity of problems (DRSP) is currently the most validated tool for tracking symptoms to confirm and scale the severity of PMS, but there has been no validated Japanese version of this instrument.

Martial Arts "" and the Motivation Network During Attention Processing: An fMRI Study.

Japanese martial arts, , have been reported to improve cognitive function, especially attention. However, the underlying neural mechanisms of the effect of on attention processing has not yet been investigated. , a type of fencing using bamboo swords, is one of the most popular forms of worldwide.

Neural Correlates of Non-clinical Internet Use in the Motivation Network and Its Modulation by Subclinical Autistic Traits.

Increasing evidence regarding the neural correlates of excessive or pathological internet use (IU) has accumulated in recent years, and comorbidity with depression and autism has been reported in multiple studies. However, psychological and neural correlates of non-clinical IU in healthy individuals remain unclear. The aim of the current study was to investigate the relationships between non-clinical IU and functional connectivity (FC), focusing on the brain's motivation network.

Sex-specific regional grey matter volume correlates of daily activities.

The human brain is plastic and continuously modified throughout life by our daily experiences and behaviours. However, no reports have comprehensively investigated structural brain correlates of our daily activities, including possible sex differences. In this study, we examined the relationship between a self-reported 24-hour Life-Log and regional brain volume measured by structural magnetic resonance imaging.

Alteration of Venous Drainage Route in Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus and Normal Aging.

Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a highly prevalent condition in the elderly population; however, the underlying pathophysiology in relation to the aging process remains unclear. To investigate the effect of removal of cerebrospinal fluid by lumbar "tap test" on the cerebral circulation in patients with iNPH, 14 patients with "probable" iNPH were studied using a novel blood tracking technique based on blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance signal intensity. By tracking the propagation of the low-frequency component of the BOLD signal, extended venous drainage times were observed in the periventricular region of the patients, which was reversed by tap test.