Clinical and laboratory features of Mycobacterium porcinum.

Recent molecular studies have shown Mycobacterium porcinum, recovered from cases of lymphadenitis in swine, to have complete 16S rDNA sequence identity and >70% DNA-DNA homology with human isolates within the M. fortuitum third biovariant complex. We identified 67 clinical and two environmental isolates of the M.

Some memoranda on the diagnostic criteria of lung disease caused by Mycobacterium avium-Mycobacterium intracellulare complex.

The simultaneous appearance of new cavitary lesions in the lungs and two or more isolations of Mycobacterium avium-Mycobacterium intracellulare complex (MAC) by daily or monthly sputum examination in the initial few days or the initial 6 months shows the presence of lung disease caused by MAC. Three isolations of MAC by three to six daily or monthly sputum examination confirms the occurrence of lung disease caused by MAC. These criteria and their basis were published by the present author in 1974 and 1978.

Dietary maltitol decreases the incidence of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced cecum and proximal colon tumors in rats.

Maltitol is fermented in the colon due to only partial hydrolysis in the small intestine. In the present study, we examined effects of dietary maltitol on dimethylhydrazine-induced intestinal tumor in rats. In experiment 1, rats were fed a fiber-free diet or diets supplemented with 1 or 5 g/100 g maltitol for 27 wk.

The activity of branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex in rat digestive tracts: Effects of dietary protein and exercise.

Branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex is the rate limiting enzyme in catabolism of branched-chain amino acids. In this study, we examined effects of dietary protein and exercise on the complex activity in digestive tracts (stomach, small intestine and colon) of rats. Rats were fed a high (30%) or low (8%) protein diet for 3 weeks and a half of rats in each diet group was exercised by 85 min running just prior to sacrifice on the final day of the experiment.

Clinical significance, biochemical features, and susceptibility patterns of sporadic isolates of the Mycobacterium chelonae-like organism.

Mycobacterium chelonae-like organisms are nonpigmented rapidly growing mycobacteria whose clinical significance is unknown. We evaluated 87 sporadic isolates encountered in a clinical laboratory. Most isolates (62%) were respiratory; only 2 of 54 (4%) (both from patients with AIDS) were clinically significant.

Isoelectric focusing patterns of beta-lactamases in the rapidly growing mycobacteria.

beta-lactamases from 259 strains of rapidly growing mycobacteria that included the third biovariant complex of Mycobacterium fortuitum, M. peregrinum, M. abscessus, M.

Comparison of prognosis of pulmonary diseases caused by Mycobacterium avium and by Mycobacterium intracellulare.

A total of 55 patients with pulmonary disease caused by Mycobacterium avium and by Mycobacterium intracellulare were compared for their prognosis. Causative mycobacteria were identified by the DNA probes (Gen-Probe) method. Of the 55 patients, 28 had pulmonary disease caused by M avium and the remaining 27, by M intracellulare.

Differentiation between Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare by thin-layer chromatography of lipid fraction after incubation with [35S]methionine.

Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare are differentiated from each other by thin-layer chromatography of lipid fraction extracted after incubation with [35S]methionine. The former contained a petroleum ether-soluble sulfolipid and the latter did not.

Bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity of antituberculosis drugs against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium-Mycobacterium intracellulare complex and Mycobacterium kansasii in different growth phases.

Bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities of rifampicin, isoniazid, streptomycin, enviomycin and ethambutol against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium--M. intracellulare complex and Mycobacterium kansasii were studied in different growth phases. Bacteriostatic activities of the drugs were similar in different growth phases, except isoniazid.

Clinical and laboratory features of Nocardia nova.

Recent studies have shown that Nocardia asteroides isolates have five major antibiotic resistance patterns; one of these patterns identifies isolates of Nocardia farcinica. In the current study, we investigated a second pattern characterized by susceptibility to ampicillin and erythromycin. This pattern was seen in 17% of 223 clinical isolates identified by standard techniques as N.

[Studies on the nontuberculous lung mycobacteriosis in Japan. (Report of the study in the year 1987 and 1988 of the Mycobacteriosis Research Group of the Japanese National Chest Hospitals)--pulmonary infection caused by Mycobacterium kansasii has begun to appear in all over Japan including north Japan Hokkaido].

Unlabelled: In this study, the Mycobacteriosis Research Group of the Japanese National Chest Hospitals (MRG) presents the reports of study years 1987 and 1988. As reported previously**, pulmonary infection caused by Mycobacterium kansasii occurred principally in South-West Japan (prefectures South-West of Tokyo) and did not appear in North Japan. However, this disease appeared in 1987 and 1988 in Hokkaido (Sapporo Hospital).

Chronic tenosynovitis of the hand due to Mycobacterium nonchromogenicum: use of high-performance liquid chromatography for identification of isolates.

Six cases of chronic tenosynovitis of the hand due to the Mycobacterium terrae complex were identified. All isolates from the six cases were identified as Mycobacterium nonchromogenicum by high-performance liquid chromatography and by testing for susceptibility to ofloxacin and to 5% NaCl. Ethambutol, sulfonamides (or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole), erythromycin, and streptomycin are the drugs most active against isolates of the M.

[Chemotherapeutic regimens that were considered effective to cure pulmonary infection caused by Mycobacterium avium-Mycobacterium intracellulare complex].

During the period of 24 years from 1965 to 1988, we treated a total of 181 patients who had pulmonary infection caused by Mycobacterium avium--Mycobacterium intracellulare complex (MAI complex). Of these 181, 34 (19%) were cured showing sputum conversion and disappearance of cavity or marked reduction of cavity in the size to 1/2 or less or change of the cavity to thin-walled one. In these patients, negative culture continued at least for one year by monthly sputum examination.

[Change in biochemical and biological characteristics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated in recent years].

One hundred strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated in 1988-89 from patients who were newly hospitalized in the National Chubu Hospital were studied on their biochemical and biological characteristics and compared with the strains isolated previously. Recently isolated strains showed frequently a much stronger arylsulfatase activity, grew at a higher rate at 42 degrees C, and showed a little stronger niacin production.

Clinical disease, drug susceptibility, and biochemical patterns of the unnamed third biovariant complex of Mycobacterium fortuitum.

Previous studies of Mycobacterium fortuitum identified isolates that did not fit its two recognized biovariants. Eighty-five clinical isolates of this group, the "third biovariant complex", were evaluated. They represented 16% of 410 isolates of M.

Diagnosis of disease caused by Mycobacterium avium complex.

Isolation of Mycobacterium avium complex from sputum specimens in association with the appearance of a new cavitary (or infiltrative) lesion was studied in 299 patients from whom the organism was isolated one or more times. Of the patients studied, 114 showed only single isolation. Of these 114, only two patients (2 percent) had association with appearance of a cavitary lesion.

[Some observations on the mechanism of bactericidal activity of Tween 80 on mycobacteria].

In 0.1% Tween 80 aqueous solution or in 0.1% Tween 80-containing saline (0.

[In vitro experiment showing that chemotherapy of tuberculosis by aminoglycoside antibiotics may influence successive chemotherapy with rifampicin].

When Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain H37Rv was cultivated in Ogawa egg medium containing 5 micrograms/ml streptomycin and/or 10 micrograms/ml kanamycin, which were considered as subinhibitory, it was observed that growing bacterial population contained several times more rifampicin-resistant mutants than did the parent strain. The ratio of isoniazid-resistant mutants did not change by the above treatment. The finding suggests that, even without the use of rifampicin, the bacterial population of patients becomes more resistant to rifampicin by chemotherapy in the past with streptomycin or kanamycin.

Paradoxical effect of Tween 80 between the susceptibility to rifampicin and streptomycin and the susceptibility to ethambutol and sulfadimethoxine in the Mycobacterium avium-Mycobacterium intracellulare complex.

The susceptibility to rifampicin and streptomycin of the Mycobacterium avium-Mycobacterium intracellulare complex was augmented by the addition of Tween 80 into 7H10 agar medium with OADC, whereas the susceptibility to ethambutol and sulfadimethoxine was either not changed or reduced by the addition of Tween 80. In 7H10 agar medium without OADC, however, susceptibilities to both rifampicin and sulfadimethoxine were reduced by the addition of Tween 80 to the medium. A number of hypotheses are made to explain these phenomena.

Cefotaxime-resistant Nocardia asteroides strains are isolates of the controversial species Nocardia farcinica.

A recent study of Nocardia asteroides revealed that 95% of clinical strains had one of five antibiotic resistance patterns. We found the pattern of resistance to cefotaxime and cefamandole in 19% of 200 clinical N. asteroides isolates.

[Cross-resistance relationship between streptomycin and kanamycin resistances in Mycobacterium smegmatis (strain Jucho)--comparison of the development patterns of resistances to streptomycin and kanamycin among Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium complex, and Mycobacterium smegmatis].

The resistance development pattern of Mycobacterium smegmatis strain 17023 (Jucho) to streptomycin and kanamycin was studied. The medium used was Ogawa egg medium, and the level of resistance was determined for each clone derived from single colony by the 'actual count' method. Hence, the resistance level was estimated as the highest concentration of drugs, in which small inocula consisting of 20 to 100 colony-forming units could grow after seven days incubation.

[Bactericidal activity of ofloxacin against Mycobacterium kansasii].

Bactericidal activity of ofloxacin against Mycobacterium kansasii was observed in in-vitro experiment. Tested bacteria were suspended to a concentration of one mg wet weight per ml in 10 ml of Dubos liquid medium containing no drug or containing 1 or 3 micrograms/ml ofloxacin and incubated at 37 degrees C. The number of colony-forming units contained in a 0.

In-vitro bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity of isoniazid on the Mycobacterium avium-Mycobacterium intracellulare complex.

Isoniazid inhibited the growth of Mycobacterium avium-Mycobacterium intracellulare strains at concentrations of 0.1-25 micrograms/ml and was even bactericidal for several strains. The bactericidal activity was observed in relatively susceptible strains.

[Bactericidal activities of rifampicin, ethambutol, enviomycin and streptomycin on Mycobacterium avium-Mycobacterium intracellulare complex strains].

Bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities of rifampicin, ethambutol, enviomycin and streptomycin on Mycobacterium avium-Mycobacterium intracellulare complex (MAI complex) strains were determined. The susceptibility testings were made in Ogawa egg medium, and minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined as the lowest concentration of drugs, in which the growth of 20 to 100 colony-forming units was completely inhibited. The MICs correspond to the MICs that can inhibit the growth of 95 to 99% of bacterial population.