Centrophilic retrotransposon integration via CENH3 chromatin in Arabidopsis.

In organisms ranging from vertebrates to plants, major components of centromeres are rapidly evolving repeat sequences, such as tandem repeats (TRs) and transposable elements (TEs), which harbour centromere-specific histone H3 (CENH3). Complete centromere structures recently determined in human and Arabidopsis suggest frequent integration and purging of retrotransposons within the TR regions of centromeres. Despite the high impact of 'centrophilic' retrotransposons on the paradox of rapid centromere evolution, the mechanisms involved in centromere targeting remain poorly understood in any organism.

Association between phase angle and level of independence in daily living among institutionalized super older females requiring nursing care.

[Purpose] This study aimed to clarify the association between phase angle (PhA) and the level of independence in daily living among institutionalized super older females requiring nursing care. [Participants and Methods] This three-facility cross-sectional study enrolled 173 nursing home residents (mean age 91.0 years, standard deviation 4.

Noncontact Measurements of Resonance of Small Round Liquid Surfaces Using Sound Wave to Determine Surface Tension.

Various methods have been developed for measuring the surface tension of liquids, and the present study proposes a new method for measuring the surface tension of liquids. A small (9 mm diameter) round liquid surface was excited by sound waves with a common speaker. Nine liquids possessing various physical properties and functional groups were employed, and three resonance frequencies () were observed for each liquid in a frequency range of 20-180 Hz.

Induction of stearoyl-CoA desaturase confers cell density-dependent ferroptosis resistance in melanoma.

Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death that is induced by inhibiting glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), which eliminates lipid peroxidation. Ferroptosis induction is influenced by the cell environment. However, the cellular states altering ferroptosis susceptibility remain largely unknown.

Salvage robot-assisted radical prostatectomy after carbon ion radiotherapy to the prostate.

Purpose: This study presents the surgical and oncological outcomes of salvage robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) after carbon ion radiotherapy at a single institution.

Methods: Patients who underwent salvage RARP for local recurrence after carbon ion radiotherapy at Kyushu University Hospital between 2020 and 2023 were included. A single surgeon performed salvage RARP with extended pelvic lymph node dissection.

Clinical features and oncological outcomes of bladder cancer microsatellite instability.

Objectives: Excellent anticancer effect for solid tumors with microsatellite instability (MSI)-high by anti-PD-1 antibody has been reported. In this study, we investigated the clinical impact of MSI status in bladder cancer.

Methods: This study included 205 Japanese patients who underwent transurethral resection for bladder cancer between 2005 and 2021.

Validation of schedules for optimal prostate-specific antigen monitoring after radical prostatectomy.

Background: Early detection of biochemical recurrence (BCR) after radical prostatectomy (RP) is crucial for early treatment and improving survival outcomes. The optimal prostate-specific antigen (PSA) monitoring remains unclear, and several models have been proposed. We aimed to externally validate four models for optimal PSA monitoring after RP and propose modifications to improve them.

In ovo o,p'-DDT exposure induces malformation of reproductive organs and alters the expression of genes controlling sexual differentiation in Japanese quail embryo.

In ovo exposure to o,p'-dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (o,p'-DDT) impairs reproduction by inducing malformation of the reproductive organs in birds, although the mechanism remains unclear. Here, we examined the effects of o,p'-DDT on the development of the reproductive organs, the expression of genes controlling sexual differentiation, and the plasma concentrations of testosterone and estradiol in Japanese quail embryos. o,p'-DDT-containing sesame oil was injected into the yolk sac on Embryonic Day (E) 3 at a dose of 500, 2,000, or 8,000 μg per egg.

Phase angle as a prognostic factor for one-year mortality in geriatric health service facility residents.

[Purpose] The present study aimed to investigate the association of phase angle with the continuing activities of residents in a geriatric health service facility for one year. We compared the phase angle among current residents in a geriatric health service facility with those who died within one year. [Participants and Methods] This one-year prospective observational study included 149 residents who entered a geriatric health service facility.

Two-Step Actions of Testicular Androgens in the Organization of a Male-Specific Neural Pathway from the Medial Preoptic Area to the Ventral Tegmental Area for Modulating Sexually Motivated Behavior.

The medial preoptic area (MPOA) is a sexually dimorphic region of the brain that regulates social behaviors. The sexually dimorphic nucleus (SDN) of the MPOA has been studied to understand sexual dimorphism, although the anatomy and physiology of the SDN is not fully understood. Here, we characterized SDN neurons that contribute to sexual dimorphism and investigated the mechanisms underlying the emergence of such neurons and their roles in social behaviors.

Comparison of Testosterone Level of Seminal Vesicle Fluid in Patients With Prostate Cancer Other Malignancies.

Background/aim: Testosterone is essential for prostate cancer development and growth. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between testosterone in seminal vesicles and prostate cancer incidence and its malignant phenotype.

Patients And Methods: After obtaining institutional review board approval, seminal vesicle fluid samples were collected from patients who underwent prostatectomy or cystectomy.

Improved urinary continence recovery after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy with lateral pelvic fascia preservation.

The novel technique of lateral pelvic fascia preservation (LPFP) in robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) has been reported to improve urinary continence recovery. We aimed to investigate surgical and oncological outcomes after RARP using the LPFP technique and compare them with conventional RARP. This study included patients who underwent RARP with and without the LPFP technique.

NR5A2/HSD3B1 pathway promotes cellular resistance to second-generation antiandrogen darolutamide.

This study investigated cellular mechanisms in steroidogenesis responsible for treatment resistance to the novel antiandrogen agent darolutamide in prostate cancer. HSD3B1 was overexpressed in darolutamide-resistant cells and induced by darolutamide treatment and AR knockdown. Inversely, HSD3B1 knockdown increased cellular sensitivity to darolutamide.

Adverse Events of Abiraterone Acetate vs Enzalutamide.

Introduction: This study aimed to highlight the comprehensive differences in adverse events between abiraterone and enzalutamide based on a big data data set.

Methods: We downloaded adverse event data sets of abiraterone and enzalutamide from the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System database. We used the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities to treat each adverse event as a preferred term and grouped it into the System Organ Class.

Fusion-targeted biopsy significantly improves prostate cancer detection in biopsy-naïve men.

Objective: The precise diagnosis of prostate cancer (PC) is crucial to avoid underdiagnosis, overdiagnosis, and overtreatment. We aimed to compare clinically significant PC (csPC) detection between MRI/ultrasound fusion-targeted prostate (TBx) compared to systematic biopsy (SBx) in biopsy-naïve Japanese men.

Methods: We included patients with suspect PC due to elevated PSA level or abnormal digital rectal examination, or both.

Activating mutations in EGFR and PI3K promote ATF4 induction for NSCLC cell survival during amino acid deprivation.

Some oncoproteins along with stress kinase general control non-derepressible 2 (GCN2) can ensure the induction of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) to counteract amino acid deprivation; however, little is known regarding the role of the oncogenic EGFR-PI3K pathway. In this study, we demonstrate that both mutated EGFR and PIK3CA contribute to ATF4 induction following GCN2 activation in NSCLC cells. The inhibition of EGFR or PI3K mutant proteins, pharmacologically or through genetic knockdown, inhibited ATF4 induction without affecting GCN2 activation.