Is there a target value for time in tight range for individuals with type 1 diabetes on MDI? Data from masked CGM.

Objective: Time in Tight Range (TITR), defined as the percentage of time within the glucose range of 70 to 140 mg/dL, is anticipated to be challenging to maintain without causing hypoglycemia, especially in individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D). This study aimed to investigate the TITR target value in individuals with T1D on multiple daily injections (MDI).

Methods: The study included 101 individuals with T1D on MDI aged 15 to 75 who were hospitalized at Jikei University School of Medicine from September 2006 to November 2013 to conduct Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM).

Necroptosis of neuronal cells is related to the neuropathology of tick-borne encephalitis.

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is a zoonotic virus that causes tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in humans. Infections of Sapporo-17-Io1 (Sapporo) and Oshima 5-10 (Oshima) TBEV strains showed different pathogenic effects in mice. However, the differences between the two strains are unknown.

Which is better, high-dose metformin monotherapy or low-dose metformin/linagliptin combination therapy, in improving glycemic variability in type 2 diabetes patients with insufficient glycemic control despite low-dose metformin monotherapy? A randomized, cross-over, continuous glucose monitoring-based pilot study.

Aims/introduction: The present study investigated the effect of high-dose metformin or low-dose metformin/linagliptin combination therapy on glycemic variability (GV) in type 2 diabetes patients with insufficient glycemic control despite low-dose metformin monotherapy in a cross-over study using continuous glucose monitoring.

Materials And Methods: The present study was carried out with 11 type 2 diabetes outpatients (7% < glycated hemoglobin < 10%) receiving low-dose metformin monotherapy (500-1,000 mg). All patients were assigned to either metformin 1,500 mg monotherapy (HMET) or combination therapy of low-dose (750 mg) metformin and linagliptin 5 mg (LMET + dipeptidyl peptidase-4 [DPP4]).

Low sense of coherence is associated with anxiety among adults: Results based on data from all 47 prefectures of Japan.

Background: Anxiety disorder is a major societal, economic, and healthcare burden, so it is essential to identify underlying risk factors. Sense of coherence (SOC), defined as an individual's perceived ability to control events and cope with challenges, is strongly associated with healthcare outcomes.

Methods: This study investigated the association between SOC and anxiety among adults in all 47 prefectures of Japan using a cross-sectional online panel survey.

Biphasic insulin aspart-30 reduces glycemic variability to a greater degree than insulin detemir: A randomized controlled trial of once-daily insulin regimens using continuous glucose monitoring.

Introduction: We compared the efficacy of insulin detemir and biphasic insulin aspart-30 given in the morning as an add-on to oral hypoglycemic agents in type 2 diabetes patients.

Materials And Methods: The present study enrolled 30 patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes (8% ≤ glycated hemoglobin < 11%) being treated with oral hypoglycemic agent mono- or combination therapy with biguanides, sulfonylureas or thiazolidinediones. The patients were randomly assigned to insulin detemir (group D) or insulin aspart-30 (group A) given in the morning as add-on to oral hypoglycemic agents.

Prediction of nocturnal hypoglycemia unawareness by fasting glucose levels or post-breakfast glucose fluctuations in patients with type 1 diabetes receiving insulin degludec: A pilot study.

Objective: To evaluate whether nocturnal asymptomatic hypoglycemia (NAH) can be predicted by fasting glucose levels or post-breakfast glucose fluctuations in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) receiving insulin degludec.

Methods: Patients with T1D receiving insulin degludec underwent at-home CGM assessments. Indices for glycemic variability before and after breakfast included fasting glucose levels and the range of post-breakfast glucose elevation.

Comparison of glycemic variability in Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes receiving insulin degludec versus insulin detemir using continuous glucose monitoring: a randomized, cross-over, pilot study.

Objective: To use continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) to compare glycemic variability in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) treated with insulin degludec (IDeg) versus insulin detemir (IDet).

Methods: Ten patients with T1D were randomly assigned to receive once-daily IDeg, followed by twice-daily IDet, or vice versa. Glucose variability was evaluated by CGM after >4 weeks of the first insulin and again after crossover to the second insulin.

Population-based cross-sectional study on insulin resistance and insulin-secretory capacity in Japanese school children.

Aims/introduction: Little information is available regarding the status of insulin resistance (IR) and insulin deficiency (ID), as well as their relationship with obesity in children using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) in a population-based setting.

Materials And Methods: The study included a total of 445 ninth-grade children participating in health check-up programs implemented in Tsunan Town, Niigata, Japan (boys/girls, 252/193 [participation rates: 98.1/95.

Comparison of glycemic variability in Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes receiving insulin degludec versus insulin glargine using continuous glucose monitoring: A randomized, cross-over, pilot study.

Aims: To compare glucose variability in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) treated with insulin glargine (IGla) versus insulin degludec (IDeg) using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM).

Methods: Thirteen patients with T1D were randomly assigned to receive IDeg once-daily followed by IGla twice-daily or vice versa. They were evaluated for glucose variability by CGM after >4weeks of treatment with either insulin, and then were crossed over to the other, and evaluated by CGM after >4weeks.

The relationship between HbA1c values and the occurrence of hypoglycemia as assessed by continuous glucose monitoring in patients with type 1 diabetes.

Background: We aimed to examine the relationship between the occurrence of hypo-/hyperglycemia and HbA1c values, as assessed by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in patients with type 1 diabetes.

Methods: The study subjects comprised 101 type 1 diabetic patients on basal-bolus insulin therapy, who were put on masked CGM immediately after admission. The subjects were divided into four groups equally by HbA1c values and the 24-h CGM data were compared among the groups.

Can Fasting Glucose Levels or Post-Breakfast Glucose Fluctuations Predict the Occurrence of Nocturnal Asymptomatic Hypoglycemia in Type 1 Diabetic Patients Receiving Basal-Bolus Insulin Therapy with Long-Acting Insulin?

Objective: To investigate whether the occurrence of nocturnal asymptomatic hypoglycemia may be predicted based on fasting glucose levels and post-breakfast glucose fluctuations.

Patients And Methods: The study subjects comprised type 1 diabetic patients who underwent CGM assessments and received basal-bolus insulin therapy with long-acting insulin. The subjects were evaluated for I) fasting glucose levels and II) the range of post-breakfast glucose elevation (from fasting glucose levels to postprandial 1- and 2-hour glucose levels).

Effect of hemodialysis on plasma glucose profile and plasma level of liraglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and end-stage renal disease: a pilot study.

The effect of hemodialysis on the plasma glucose profile and liraglutide level after liraglutide injection was investigated in patients with diabetes and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Either 0.6 mg or 0.

Comparing postprandial efficacy in type 2 diabetic patients receiving mitiglinide and sitagliptin by using continuous glucose monitoring: a pilot study.

Objective: To compare postprandial efficacy in type 2 diabetic patients given mitiglinide and sitagliptin, both of which are known to improve postprandial hyperglycemia, by using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM).

Methods: Eleven patients with type 2 diabetes were given mitiglinide 10 mg three times a daily or sitagliptin 50 mg once a day for 1 month and were hospitalized for 4 days and evaluated by CGM. On discharge, they were crossed over to the other regimen for 1 month of treatment/4 days of evaluation.

[Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)].

Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) is now commonly used as a tool to measure blood glucose levels of diabetic patients, as health insurance started to cover its cost for patients receiving insulin. However, SMBG is used to evaluate blood glucose levels at different time points, making it impossible to speculate on changes in blood glucose levels occurring before and after measurement. Currently, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), which determines diurnal blood glucose patterns on a continuous basis, is being introduced into routine clinical diabetic care.

24-hour glycemic variations in drug-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes: a continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)-based study.

Objective: To investigate a 24-hour glycemic variation in drug-naïve, type 2 diabetic patients by using CGM.

Methods: A total of 30 inpatients with type 2 diabetes were included in the study to analyze the 24-hour CGM data.

Results: The patients' median age was 58 years old (interquartile range: 42-66 years), and their median HbA1c value was 7.

Comparison of glycemic variability in patients with type 2 diabetes given sitagliptin or voglibose: a continuous glucose monitoring-based pilot study.

Objective: This study compared glycemic variability in patients with type 2 diabetes given sitagliptin or voglibose.

Patients And Methods: Seventeen type 2 diabetes patients were given sitagliptin 50 mg/day or voglibose 0.9 mg/day for 2 months and were hospitalized for a 4-day evaluation by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM).

Comparison of vildagliptin twice daily vs. sitagliptin once daily using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM): crossover pilot study (J-VICTORIA study).

Background: No previous studies have compared the DPP-4 inhibitors vildagliptin and sitagliptin in terms of blood glucose levels using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and cardiovascular parameters.

Methods: Twenty patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were randomly allocated to groups who received vildagliptin then sitagliptin, or vice versa. Patients were hospitalized at 1 month after starting each drug, and CGM was used to determine: 1) mean (± standard deviation) 24-hour blood glucose level, 2) mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE), 3) fasting blood glucose level, 4) highest postprandial blood glucose level and time, 5) increase in blood glucose level after each meal, 6) area under the curve (AUC) for blood glucose level ≥180 mg/dL within 3 hours after each meal, and 7) area over the curve (AOC) for daily blood glucose level <70 mg/dL.

A crossover comparison of glycemic variations in Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes receiving insulin glargine versus insulin detemir twice daily using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM): J COLLECTION (Jikei COmparison of Lantus and LEvemir with Cgm for Thinking Insulin OptimizatioN).

Background: This study aimed to compare glycemic variations seen among Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes treated with insulin glargine versus insulin detemir using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in a crossover design.

Subjects And Methods: Twenty-three patients with type 1 diabetes were enrolled in this study. The subjects were on either insulin glargine followed by insulin detemir twice daily, or vice versa, with no change in the timing of injections.

Relationship among A1C, hypoglycemia, and hyperglycemia in Japanese with type 2 diabetes--results from continuous glucose monitoring data.

Background: The intensive treatment aimed at achieving optimal A1C may increase a risk of hypoglycemia. Therefore, we examined the rate and duration of hypoglycemia (<70 mg/dL) and the duration of hyperglycemia (≥200 mg/dL) according to their A1C status, using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes who were treated with hypoglycemic agents.

Methods: Forty subjects were equally divided into three groups according to their A1C levels (low, intermediate, and high A1C groups).

Comparing the efficacy of α-glucosidase inhibitors in suppressing postprandial hyperglycemia using continuous glucose monitoring: a pilot study-the MAJOR study.

Background: This study aimed to compare glucose variability in patients given the α-glucosidase inhibitors miglitol and acarbose using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM).

Methods: Ten type 2 diabetes patients were hospitalized for 4 days, and their glucose levels were measured using CGM. Patients were given miglitol (50 mg) or acarbose (100 mg) before each meal on Day 2, and vice versa on Day 3, in a randomized crossover design.

Analysis of 24-hour glycemic excursions in patients with type 1 diabetes by using continuous glucose monitoring.

Background: Little information is available regarding postprandial glycemic excursions and hypoglycemia in Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Methods: Four male and eight female patients who were on intensive therapy with rapid-acting insulin plus basal insulin underwent retrospective continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). Clinical characteristics (median) of the patients were as follows: age, 40.

Continuous glucose monitoring with Humalog Mix 25 versus Humalog Mix 50, twice daily: a comparative pilot study -results from the Jikei-EValuation of insulin Lispro mixture on pharmacodynamics and glycemic VariancE (J-EVOLVE) study.

Objective: To evaluate glycemic variability associated with two different premixed insulin analogue formulations when used in a twice-daily regimen.

Patients And Methods: Subjects comprised type 2 diabetic patients aged 20-79 years, treated with twice daily premixed insulin or insulin analogue formulations. All subjects were hospitalized for 6 days and randomized to receive either Humalog Mix 25 (Mix 25) or Humalog Mix 50 (Mix 50).

Daily glucose profiles in Japanese people with normal glucose tolerance as assessed by continuous glucose monitoring.

Background: Little information is available regarding glucose fluctuations in postprandial states and during the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in Japanese people with normal glucose tolerance (NGT).

Methods: Glucose profiles of 27 Japanese people were measured for 4 days by using continuous glucose monitoring. A 75-g OGTT was conducted on the second day, and 24 subjects diagnosed with NGT by a 75-g OGTT were enrolled.