The effect of a new calcium antagonist, TA3090 (clentiazem), on experimental transient focal cerebral ischemia in cats.

Background And Purpose: TA3090 (Clentiazem) has been shown to have cerebrovascular protective properties in three experimental studies. An in vivo investigation was undertaken to determine its effects on pial arteries and cerebral blood flow and its therapeutic value in transient focal cerebral ischemia.

Methods: This experiment was divided into two protocols.

[Experimental study of acute spinal cord injury: a study of spinal blood flow].

It is well known that the worsening of neurological findings after spinal cord injury is due to the secondary progression of pathological changes which may be caused by spinal cord blood flow disturbance. We measured spinal blood flow of 5mm rostrally and caudally distant portions from the injured point, using the laser Doppler flowmeter experimentally. Forty rats were used.

[A case of pulmonary tuberculosis complicated with drug toxicosis--value of shosaikoto and hochuekito as anti-allergic agents].

A clinical course of pulmonary tuberculosis was reported about adverse reaction of anti-tuberculous chemotherapy. A fifty-eight-year-old male patient was complicated with agranulocytosis induced by RFP, hepatic dysfunction and systemic eruption induced by INH, and high fever induced by SM. Adjuvant therapy with Shosaikoto and Hocheukito suppressed INH induced hepato-dermatological toxicosis moderately and suppressed SM induced high fever completely.

[Experimental study of acute spinal cord injury: a histopathological study].

The microscopic appearance of a rat spinal cord which was acutely compressed by aneurysmal clip for one minute, was investigated 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 3 hours and 6 hours after the injury. Although the resulting small hemorrhagic lesion involved primarily only the central gray matter of the injured portion 15 minutes after compression injury, hemorrhage, necrosis and edema in the central gray matter enlarged progressively until 3 hours after injury. Petechial hemorrhage, necrosis and edema were observed in the surrounding area one hour after spinal compression.

The effect of acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (SDZ ENA 713) for r-CBF and focal cerebral ischaemia.

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (AChEI) on r-CBF (group A) and its protecting effect on focal ischaemic cell damage (group B). The pial arterial diameter and the r-CBF were measured with a width analyzer and with a laser Doppler flowmeter through a cat cranial window on the ectosylvian gyrus. The ischaemic area was measured histologically.

[Purine catabolites and pial arteriolar diameter in transient cerebral ischemia].

In transient cerebral ischemia, extracellular purine catabolites and pial arteriolar diameter were measured continuously. Ischemia during one hour was induced by unilateral occlusion of left middle cerebral artery in feline. Extracellular purine catabolites were sampled by in vivo brain microdialysis technique from the gray matter at ectosylvian gyrus.

[The focal brain ischemia with disturbance of venous drainage].

The focal brain ischemia with disturbance of cerebral venous drainage often lead to brain edema and hemorrhagic infarction and make mortality and morbidity worse. So we tried to make sure of this fact using a middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion model in adult cat. The MCA was exposed by the transorbital approach and temporally obstructed by Zen's clip.

[The hemodynamics of intracranial aneurysm by transcranial Doppler arteriography].

The use of an ultrasonic transcranial Doppler arteriography (TCDA) technique for noninvasive diagnosis of cerebral aneurysm is described. Twenty one patients with intracranial aneurysm previously diagnosed by conventional angiography were evaluated with Trans-Scan (EME). Mapping image was used as a guide to identify parent artery and aneurysm.

Perfusion pressure breakthrough threshold of cerebral autoregulation in the chronically ischemic brain: an experimental study in cats.

A study was designed to investigate hyperperfusion syndrome after the restoration of normal cerebral blood flow in a chronically cerebral ischemic state resulting from high-flow arteriovenous malformations or severe carotid stenosis. A fistula between the left distal common carotid artery and the jugular vein was created and the left vertebral artery was simultaneously occluded in 44 cats to produce a chronic cerebral ischemic state. For control experiments, 10 cats underwent occlusion of the left common carotid and vertebral arteries.

[A case of vitello intestinal cyst].

A case of vitello intestinal cyst was reported. A 16-month-old girl was referred to our clinic with a complaint of a cystic mass in the region of the navel. With a diagnosis of urachal cyst, resection of the cyst was performed.

Antiallergic effect of epinastine (WAL 801 CL) on immediate hypersensitivity reactions: (II). Antagonistic effect of epinastine on chemical mediators, mainly antihistaminic and anti-PAF effects.

Anti-histamine and anti-PAF effects of epinastine were tested in rats, guinea pigs and rabbits. Epinastine showed a potent histamine H1-blocking effect, but the potency was slightly less than that of ketotifen in histamine-induced contraction of guinea pig ileum and histamine-induced cutaneous reactions in rats. In histamine-induced dye leakage into the nasal cavity tested in rats, the drug was slightly more potent than ketotifen and azelastine.

[Experimental study on brain reversibility following temporary regional cerebral ischemia; from the point of view of vessel behavior and histological changes].

Using a middle cerebral artery occlusion model in adult cats, we investigated the ischemic time threshold for inflicting damage on cerebral vessel behavior and brain tissue. With the transorbital approach, a middle cerebral artery (MCA) was exposed and temporarily obstructed by a Zen's clip. Animals were divided into ten groups (each group: N = 8) according to the ischemic time of 10, 20, 30 minutes, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 hours.

Comparative study of certain antibiotics on epileptogenic property, including (1Rpi, 5S, 6S)-2-[(6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a][1,2,4]triazolium-6-yl)] thio-6-[(R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-1-methyl-carbapenem-3-carboxylate (LJC10627), a carbapenem antibiotic with broad antimicrobial spectrum.

The epileptogenic effects of (1R, 5S, 6S)-2-[(6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a][1,2,4]triazolium-6- yl)]thio-6-[(R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-1-methyl-carbapenem-3-carboxylate (LJC10627), a new derivative of carbapenem were studied in comparison with those of imipenem (imipenem/cilastatin), cefazolin and penicillin G. In intraventricular injection in rats, LJC10627 caused no epileptogenic activity at a dose of 32 micrograms. In contrast, imipenem, cefazolin and penicillin G showed dose-related seizure signs, continuous rhythmic spikes or high voltage spike-wave complexes and convulsive behaviors at doses higher than 10 micrograms.

Antiallergic effects of major metabolites of astemizole in rats and guinea pigs.

Antiallergic effects of astemizole (CAS 68844-77-9) and its metabolites were studied using rats and guinea pigs. All the metabolites of astemizole tested i.e.

[The effect of repeated occlusions of the middle cerebral artery on pial arterial behavior and cerebral structure].

Temporary clipping of the major arterial trunk is a very important maneuver to control excessive unexpected bleeding during a neurosurgical operation, but repeated temporary clippings sometimes give rise to severe neurological deficits after surgery. In clinical practice, a major stroke can occur after many transient ischemic attacks without distinct angiographic occlusion. To confirm and explain these clinical experiences, the present study was performed.

Comparison of pharmacological properties of optical isomers and a racemic mixture of epinastine.

Some pharmacological effects of d- and l-isomers of epinastine (WAL 801 CL, 3-amino-9,13b-dihydro-1H-dibenz [c,f]imidazo[1,5-a]azepine hydrochloride; CAS 80012-43-7) were studied in comparison with that of dl-epinastine. Although no significant difference was detected, d-epinastine is slightly more active than the l-isomer in the depressant actions of the central nervous system. However, in EEG power spectra recorded at the frontal cortex, occipital cortex, hippocampus and amygdala in conscious rats, no appreciable differences were recognized between two optical isomers and a racemic mixture.

Effects of cholinergic drugs and cerebral metabolic activators on memory impairment in old rats.

Age-related changes in the acquisition and retention of memory based on the step-through active avoidance response were studied in rats and the effects of cholinergic drugs and cerebral metabolic activators on memory impairment in old rats were also tested. Six- and 12-month-old rats showed lower rates of acquisition of the active avoidance response than did 2-month-old rats. In addition, the retention of the active avoidance response in 6- and 12-month-old rats diminished rather rapidly compared with that observed in 2-month-old rats.

[A study of pial vessel behavior on superior sagittal sinus and cortical venous occlusion].

In cerebral circulation, it is suspected that neurogenic or myogenic mechanism protect blood vessel and blood-brain barrier during sudden increase in arterial pressure. To discriminate metabolic mechanism from neurogenic and myogenic mechanism, complete cerebral venous occlusion model of cat was used to obtain high venous pressure. In twenty-one anesthetized cats, 0.

Central effect of the potent long-acting H1-antihistamine levocabastine.

The effects of levocabastine (R 50 547; CAS 79516-68-0) on the central nervous system were studied in comparison with those of diphenhydramine, ketotifen and azelastine. At high doses, levocabastine caused a decrease in locomotor activity, prolongation of thiopental-induced sleep, depression of acetic acid-induced writhing in mice and inhibition of active avoidance response in rats, but these adverse effects were much less potent than those seen in diphenhydramine, ketotifen and azelastine. Oxotremorine-induced tremor and salivation in mice were delayed after extremely high dosage of levocabastine; however, these were much less effective than those seen after diphenhydramine and ketotifen.

Inhibition of protein kinase C by a peptide conjugate homologous to a domain of the retroviral protein p15E.

Retroviral infection is associated with immunosuppression, which has been shown to be due, in part, to the action of the envelope protein p15E. We studied a synthetic peptide (CKS-17) homologous to a highly conserved domain of the retroviral envelope protein p15E, which, when conjugated to BSA (CKS-17-BSA), can inhibit IL-1- and phorbol ester-mediated responses in cultured murine thymoma cells, and Ca2(+)- and phosphatidylserine-dependent protein kinase C (PKC) activity of cell homogenates. We characterized the mechanism of inhibition of PKC by the peptide.

[A case of metastatic renal tumor: review of 74 cases reported in Japan].

A 76-year-old man, who had undergone surgery for lung cancer, was referred to our department for further examination for left renal mass. Exploration was done through a transperitoneal approach and the left kidney was removed. A metastatic renal tumor originating from a pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma was diagnosed histologically.

[Clinical statistics on outpatients, inpatients and operations in 1988].

Statistical studies were made on 1,766 outpatients, 657 inpatients and 687 operative procedures at our department in 1988. The most frequent diseases among the outpatients were urogenital infections followed by anomalies, tumors and stones. The major diseases among the inpatients were congenital urethral stenosis, hypospadias, vesicoureteral reflux, benign prostatic hypertrophy and bladder tumor.