Investigating the Unexpected Effect of Bulkheads in a Dementia Model of Mice Through Molecular Analysis of the Hippocampus.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of long-term exposure to physical barriers used as preventive measures during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on cognitive function and behavior in an apolipoprotein E (ApoE) mouse dementia model.

Methods: ApoE mice were divided into co-housed, partitioned by a transparent bulkhead (partitioned), and isolated groups. To assess anxiety, cognitive recognition, and spatial learning, behavioral tests, including the open-field test, novel object recognition test, and Morris water maze test, were conducted at three and six months after the start of the 33-week rearing period.

Effects of 6-month administration of tofogliflozin on cardiac function in elderly patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: A retrospective study of a patient cohort.

Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus are frequently hospitalized for heart failure. The ratio of early diastolic mitral inflow velocity to early diastolic mitral annulus velocity (E/e'), measured by echocardiography, is a simple and convenient indicator of diastolic dysfunction. Various large clinical trials have reported that sodium glucose transporter-2 inhibitor therapy reduced cardiovascular events and hospitalizations in heart failure patients.

Procalcitonin, brain natriuretic peptide and albumin as markers to predict prognosis in hospitalized older Japanese patients with a risk of infection.

Aim: Whether serum concentration of procalcitonin (PCT), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and albumin (Alb) have an association with the outcome of hospitalized older patients is unclear. We investigated clinical outcomes and any predictive factors in hospitalized Japanese older patients with a risk of infection.

Methods: In the retrospective study, 820 Japanese patients were followed up for 30 days or until death.

The Impact of Tofogliflozin on Physiological and Hormonal Function, Serum Electrolytes, and Cardiac Diastolic Function in Elderly Japanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

The sodium glucose transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor tofogliflozin is a glucose-lowering drug that causes the excretion of surplus glucose by inhibiting SGLT2. Because of tofogliflozin's osmotic diuresis mechanism, patients' serum electrolytes, body fluid levels, and cardiac function must be monitored. We retrospectively analyzed the cases of 64 elderly Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who received tofogliflozin for 3 months.

Orthogeriatric co-management at a regional core hospital as a new multidisciplinary approach in Japanese hip fracture operation.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of orthogeriatric co-management of hip fractures at a regional core hospital.

Methods: This study included patients with proximal hip fracture. Patients were divided into two groups, conventional multidisciplinary group I including patients attending the hospital between April 2015 and March 2016 and orthogeriatric group II including patients attending the hospital between April 2016 and March 2017, which were compared retrospectively.

A new predictive tool consolidating CURB-65 with procalcitonin and albumin to assess short-term mortality in hospitalized elderly patients with infectious disease: A retrospective study of a patient cohort.

Background: Hospitalized elderly patients are often at risk of life-threatening infectious diseases such as pneumonia and urinary tract infection, thus diagnostic tools for bacterial infections are demanded. We developed a new predictive tool consolidating modified CURB-65, procalcitonin (PCT) and albumin (Alb).

Method: This is a retrospective study.

Postoperative Urinary Retention in Japanese Elderly Males with a Femoral Neck or Trochanteric Fracture.

We assessed risk factors for postoperative urinary retention (UR) in elderly males with femoral bone fractures: 169 Japanese males (mean age 81.95 ± 1.19 years) who had undergone hip surgery at a municipal hospital (Toyama, Japan).

Women Physicians in Academic Medicine of Japan.

Japan is a well-qualified country in promoting scientific advancement, but female scientists are too few in academic medicine positions. The government of Japan announced that the share of women in leadership positions accounted to at least 30% by 2020 in all fields in society. The number of female students also increased, but it was not much higher than other Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries.

Effects of tofogliflozin on adrenocorticotropic hormone, renin and aldosterone, and cortisol levels in elderly patients with diabetes mellitus: A retrospective study of a patient cohort.

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol reportedly play a role in glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); however, the underlying mechanism remains controversial. We retrospectively investigated the effect of tofogliflozin on serum ACTH and cortisol levels in elderly patients with T2DM.Patients received 20 mg tofogliflozin daily for 3 months.

Combination effects of a fatty diet and exercise on the depressive state and cardioprotection in apolipoprotein E knockout mice with a change in expression.

Objective: Regulator of calcineurin 1 (RCAN1) controls plasticity of the nervous system and depressive conditions by regulating brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) and plays a crucial role in neural and cardiac pathways. The apolipoprotein E gene () is a robust risk factor for progression of Alzheimer's disease. A fatty diet is considered detrimental for metabolic disorders, such as obesity and cardiovascular diseases.

Mortality and the Risk Factors in Elderly Female Patients With Femoral Neck and Trochanteric Fractures.

Background: The main purpose of this study is to exhaustively explore risk factors, including age, gender, and several clinical indices, for mortality in elderly patients with femoral neck fracture and to evaluate some of them using survival analyses.

Methods: This was a retrospective study tracking 1 year for vital prognosis. Data were collected at post-operation from medical records of the cases.

Gender Differences in Cardiac Function Following Three-Month Administration of Tofogliflozin in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus.

Background: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at increased risk for impairment in heart failure and diastolic relaxation while preserving ejection fraction (EF). Recently, several sodium glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have demonstrated to decrease cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in elderly diabetic patients, although gender difference in the effect of SGLT2 inhibitors is unknown. The objective of the present study was to evaluate gender difference in the effect of tofogliflozin, one of the SGLT2 inhibitors, on CVD function in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Effects of Tofogliflozin on Cardiac Function in Elderly Patients With Diabetes Mellitus.

Background: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at increased risk for impairments in diastolic relaxation and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (EF). Recent clinical data suggest that several sodium glucose transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are found to reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in elderly diabetic patients, but the effect of tofogliflozin, one of the SGLT2 inhibitors, on CVD is unknown. We retrospectively investigated the effect of tofogliflozin on cardiac function in elderly patients with T2DM.

New score including daily life independence levels with dementia is associated with the onset of deep vein thrombosis in frail older adults.

Aim: The detailed risk factors of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) remain unknown, and no efficient tool to assess the risk of the development of DVT among older adults has been established. This study aimed to clarify the risk factors, including the level of daily life independence, and develop an assessment score for DVT in older patients.

Methods: We recruited 252 patients aged ≧65 years with suspected deep vein thrombosis.

Risk factors for the development of aspiration pneumonia in elderly patients with femoral neck and trochanteric fractures: A retrospective study of a patient cohort.

Aspiration pneumonia (AP) has been recognized as one of the most common postoperative complications after hip surgery in elderly. The objective of the present study was to evaluate risk for postoperative complications of AP in elderly patients with femoral neck fractures.We recruited 426 patients (age 84.

Urinary retention as a postoperative complication associated with functional decline in elderly female patients with femoral neck and trochanteric fractures: A retrospective study of a patient cohort.

Urinary retention (UR) has been recognized as one of the most common postoperative complications after hip surgery in elderly. The objective of the present study was to evaluate risk for postoperative complications of UR in elderly female patients with femoral neck fractures.We recruited 221 female patients (age 85.

Log-transformed B-type natriuretic peptide as a prognostic predictor in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery.

Objective: This study was performed to explore the association between circulating B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and other mortality-related factors in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery.

Methods: In this observational study, multilevel linear regression analysis and multilevel survival analysis were performed to measure the log-transformed BNP (lnBNP) value at four time points in 197 patients with 788 repeated data measurements. Effects of the interaction between the time points and the two intervention groups (cardiac surgery and vascular surgery) were also investigated.

Atypical lipomatous tumor in the ligamentum teres of liver: A case report and review of the literature.

A 61-year-old male was referred to our hospital with a three-month history of persistent epigastralgia and right hypochondralgia. Initial examination revealed a fist-size mass at the epigastric fossa. Ultrasonography showed a hemangioma and a mosaic echoic lesion in the ventromedian with poor blood-flow signal and linear hyperechoic part inside, and a clear border to the surroundings.

The effects of 12-month administration of tofogliflozin on electrolytes and dehydration in mainly elderly Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objective: To assess the effect of 12 months of treatment with tofogliflozin on electrolytes and dehydration in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: This retrospective study involved mainly elderly patients with T2DM who had received tofogliflozin for 12 months. Data on glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), serum electrolytes (sodium, potassium, chloride), haematocrit, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN)/creatinine ratio were retrieved and analysed.

A Surgical Case of Venous Aneurysm of the Cephalic Vein with Unique Clinicopathological Findings for Venous Dissection: A Possible New Entity.

We presented an extremely rare case of a 38-year-old female's venous aneurysm of left cephalic vein with unique histopathological features, displaying variably thinned medial wall with focal, markedly reduced or absent smooth muscle cells and elastic fibers, most likely leading to the venous dissection with an intimal tear and many medial blood-filled vascular channels. We propose that those venous dissection-like findings would be a new feature especially from the clinicopathological viewpoints and might be considered in the classification of venous aneurysm. Further prospective studies are needed to validate the presence and significance of venous dissecting aneurysm as a new histopathological entity, after collecting and investigating a larger number of venous aneurysm cases examined.

Interleukin-18 as a diagnostic marker of adult-onset Still's disease in older patients: a case report and review of the literature.

Background: Adult onset Still's disease is a systemic auto-inflammatory condition of unknown etiology characterized by intermittent spiking high fever, an evanescent salmon-pink or erythematous maculopapular skin rash, arthralgia or arthritis, and leukocytosis. Recently, a high level of interleukin-18 has been reported as a new characteristic marker. On the other hand no reports have been published on high interleukin-18 as a marker in older patients.

Procalcitonin and albumin as prognostic biomarkers in elderly patients with a risk of bacterial infection.

Aim This study was performed to investigate serum procalcitonin (PCT) and albumin (Alb) as prognostic biomarkers in elderly patients at risk of bacterial infection. Methods Serum PCT was measured in 270 hospitalized patients (mean age, 77.4 years) with suspected bacterial infection.