The rare case of synchronous bilateral breast metastasis from a lung neuroendocrine tumor (small cell lung carcinoma): a case report and literature review.

Background: Breast metastasis from small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SNEC) is very rare. In the present report, we describe a case of a female patient who was initially diagnosed with triple negative primary bilateral breast cancer, but during systemic examination, the diagnosis was bilateral breast metastasis from SNEC.

Case Presentation: A 62-year-old woman with no history of smoking presented to the Department of General Medicine with left-sided chest pain, and computed tomography revealed masses in both breasts and left pleural thickening that was further confirmed by mammography and ultrasound of the breasts.

Percutaneous ultrasound-guided cryoablation for early-stage primary breast cancer: a follow-up study in Japan.

Background: Ultrasound-guided percutaneous cryoablation (PCA) for early-stage breast cancer (ESBC) can be performed under local anesthesia in an outpatient clinic. This study continues a pilot stage to examine local control, safety, patient quality of life (QoL), satisfaction and cosmetic outcomes of cryoablation for ESBC.

Methods: PCA was performed under local anesthesia for patients with primary ESBC, followed by radiation and endocrine therapies.

Using the DNA Integrity Number to Analyze DNA Quality in Specimens Collected from Liquid-Based Cytology after Fine-Needle Aspiration of Breast Tumors and Lesions.

Introduction: Cancer genome analysis using next-generation sequencing requires adequate and high-quality DNA samples. Genomic analyses were conventionally performed using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections rather than cytology samples such as cell block or smear specimens. Specimens collected from liquid-based cytology (LBC) have the potential to be sources of high-quality DNA suitable for genetic analysis even after long-term storage.

Potential role of Fbxo22 in resistance to endocrine therapy in breast cancer with invasive lobular carcinoma.

Background: Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is distinct from invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) in terms of their hormonal microenvironments that may require different therapeutic strategies. We previously reported that selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) function requires F-box protein 22 (Fbxo22). Here, we investigated the role of Fbxo22 as a potential biomarker contributing to the resistance to endocrine therapy in ILC.

Repositioning of mifepristone as an integrated stress response activator to potentiate cisplatin efficacy in non-small cell lung cancer.

Lung cancer, primarily non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), is a significant cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Cisplatin-based chemotherapy is a standard treatment for NSCLC; however, its effectiveness is often limited due to the development of resistance, leading to NSCLC recurrence. Thus, the identification of effective chemosensitizers for cisplatin is of paramount importance.

Expression of interferon-stimulated gene 20 (ISG20), an antiviral effector protein, in glomerular endothelial cells: possible involvement of ISG20 in lupus nephritis.

Background: In addition to regulating the antiviral response, increased expression of Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) in resident renal cells plays a role in developing some forms of glomerulonephritis. TLR3 activation leads to type I interferon (IFN) production, which induces the expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). However, the role of ISG20 expression in resident renal cells remains unclear.

Use of machine learning with two-dimensional synthetic mammography for axillary lymph node metastasis prediction in breast cancer: a preliminary study.

Background: As of 2020, breast cancer is the most common type of cancer and the fifth most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The non-invasive prediction of axillary lymph node (ALN) metastasis using two-dimensional synthetic mammography (SM) generated from digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) could help mitigate complications related to sentinel lymph node biopsy or dissection. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the possibility of predicting ALN metastasis using radiomic analysis of SM images.

Oncofertility-related psycho-educational therapy for young adult patients with breast cancer and their partners: Randomized controlled trial.

Background: A couples' psycho-educational program called Oncofertility! Psycho-Education and Couple Enrichment (O!PEACE) therapy was created and its effect when provided before cancer treatment was examined.

Methods: This multicenter randomized controlled trial with nonmasking, parallel two-group comparison enrolled women aged 20 to 39 years with early-stage breast cancer and their partners. They were randomly assigned to receive O!PEACE (37 couples) or usual care (37 couples).

Radiomics model of diffusion-weighted whole-body imaging with background signal suppression (DWIBS) for predicting axillary lymph node status in breast cancer.

Background: In breast cancer diagnosis and treatment, non-invasive prediction of axillary lymph node (ALN) metastasis can help avoid complications related to sentinel lymph node biopsy.

Objective: This study aims to develop and evaluate machine learning models using radiomics features extracted from diffusion-weighted whole-body imaging with background signal suppression (DWIBS) examination for predicting the ALN status.

Methods: A total of 100 patients with histologically proven, invasive, clinically N0 breast cancer who underwent DWIBS examination consisting of short tau inversion recovery (STIR) and DWIBS sequences before surgery were enrolled.

Pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy in Japanese patients with triple-negative breast cancer: Results from KEYNOTE-355.

Pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy improved progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) compared with placebo plus chemotherapy in patients with previously untreated locally recurrent inoperable or metastatic triple-negative breast cancer with tumor programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) combined positive score (CPS) ≥10 in the global, phase 3, randomized controlled trial KEYNOTE-355. We report results for patients enrolled in Japan. Patients were randomized 2:1 to pembrolizumab 200 mg or placebo Q3W for 35 cycles plus chemotherapy (nab-paclitaxel, paclitaxel, or gemcitabine-carboplatin).

Fibroblast growth factor 23 level modulates the hepatocyte's alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein transcription through the inflammatory pathway TNFα/NFκB.

Introduction: High serum levels of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) characterize chronic kidney disease (CKD) since its early stages and have been suggested to contribute to inflammation and cardiovascular disease. However, the mechanisms linking FGF23 with these pathological conditions remain still incompletely defined. The alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein (AHSG), a liver-produced anti-inflammatory cytokine, is highly modulated by inflammation itself, also through the TNFα/NFκB signaling pathway.

Adjuvant trastuzumab without chemotherapy for treating early HER2-positive breast cancer in older patients: A propensity score-adjusted analysis of a prospective cohort study.

Purpose: To gauge the effects of treatment practices on prognosis for older patients with HER2-positive early breast cancer, particularly to determine whether adjuvant trastuzumab alone can offer benefit over no adjuvant therapy. This is a prospective cohort study which accompanies the RESPECT that is a randomized-controlled trial (RCT).

Methods: Patients who declined the RCT were treated based on the physician's discretion.

Classification of Local Recurrence After Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy Based on Location: The Features of Nipple-Areolar Recurrence Differ from Those of Other Local Recurrences.

Background: Little information is available about the clinical and pathologic characteristics of local recurrence (LR) after nipple-sparing mastectomy according to the locations of LR.

Methods: This study classified 99 patients into the following two groups according to the location of LR after nipple-sparing mastectomy: nipple-areolar recurrence (NAR) group and other locations of LR (oLR) group. The study evaluated whether the location of LR was associated with disease-free survival (DFS) after LR resection.

Semibulk RNA-seq analysis as a convenient method for measuring gene expression statuses in a local cellular environment.

When biologically interpretation of the data obtained from the single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis is attempted, additional information on the location of the single cells, behavior of the surrounding cells, and the microenvironment they generate, would be very important. We developed an inexpensive, high throughput application while preserving spatial organization, named "semibulk RNA-seq" (sbRNA-seq). We utilized a microfluidic device specifically designed for the experiments to encapsulate both a barcoded bead and a cell aggregate (a semibulk) into a single droplet.

Replication Study for the Association of Five SNPs Identified by GWAS and Trastuzumab-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Japanese and Singaporean Cohorts.

Trastuzumab (herceptin) is an effective drug for human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2)-positive cancer. However, cardiotoxicity remains a serious complication. In our previous genome-wide association study (GWAS), we identified potential associations for five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with trastuzumab-induced cardiotoxicity in a Japanese population.

Pertuzumab retreatment for HER2-positive advanced breast cancer: A randomized, open-label phase III study (PRECIOUS).

No standard options existed for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive advanced breast cancer that progresses after second-line trastuzumab emtansine therapy before 2020. The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of pertuzumab retreatment after disease progression following pertuzumab-containing therapy for HER2-positive locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer for the first time. This randomized, open-label, multicenter phase III trial was undertaken in 93 sites in Japan.

Effect of sera from lupus patients on the glomerular endothelial fibrinolysis system.

Background: Dysregulation of the coagulation fibrinolysis system in resident glomerular cells is associated with the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis. However, the role of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in resident glomerular cells remains undetermined.

Methods: We examined the expression of PAI-1 and tPA mRNA in cultured normal human glomerular endothelial cells (GECs) treated with serum from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions.