Effect of a multicomponent programme based on reality orientation therapy on the physical performance and cognitive function of elderly community-dwellers: a quasi-experimental study.

Background: Effects of a multicomponent exercise programme have an impact on the physical, cognitive, and psychological domains in elderly community-dwellers. However, some individuals aged 65 years or more have not shown positive effects after the intervention as reported in similar research. The objective of this quasi-experimental study was to clarify the effectiveness of a multicomponent programme based on reality orientation therapy (ROT) on the physical performance, cognitive ability, and psychological state in the elderly.

Effectiveness of life story book intervention on apathy and verbal fluency in people with dementia.

Objectives: This study determined whether the individual intervention of using life story books (LSBs) improves apathy and verbal fluency in people with dementia (PWD).

Methods: The intervention group (n = 43) underwent 3 interviews in the 10 weeks following an initial assessment. Based on the information obtained, LSBs were developed; participants received individual interventions weekly, five times for four weeks.

Age-related changes in muscle elasticity and thickness of the lower extremities are associated with physical functions among community-dwelling older women.

Aim: To clarify the age-related changes in muscle elasticity or thickness of the lower extremities in older women, and to analyze their relationship with physical functions.

Methods: The muscle elasticity and thickness of the rectus femoris and medial head of the gastrocnemius of 102 young women (young group) and 221 elderly women (elderly group) were measured using ultrasonography. In the elderly group, physical functions, including knee extension strength, Timed Up and Go test, single-leg standing, maximum gait speed and Four Square Step Test were also measured.

Deriving the reference value from the circadian motor active patterns in the "non-dementia" population, compared to the "dementia" population: What is the amount of physical activity conducive to the good circadian rhythm.

Background: The circadian rhythm in older adults is commonly known to change with a decrease in physical activity. However, the association between circadian rhythm metrics and physical activity remains unclear. The objective of this study was to examine circadian activity patterns in older people with and without dementia and to determine the amount of physical activity conducive to a good circadian measurement.