Crystallographic and spectroscopic studies on persistent triarylpropargyl cations.

By acid treatment of precursor alcohols, mesitylethynyl-substituted diarylmethyl cations were isolated as stable solids, X-ray structural analyses of which revealed a planar geometry. Furthermore, the ion pairs including these triarylpropargyl cations form charge-segregated assemblies in the crystal, and effective intermolecular interaction induces a red-shift of absorption in the crystal.

A Semiautonomous Deep Learning System to Reduce False Positives in Screening Mammography.

Purpose To evaluate the ability of a semiautonomous artificial intelligence (AI) model to identify screening mammograms not suspicious for breast cancer and reduce the number of false-positive examinations. Materials and Methods The deep learning algorithm was trained using 123 248 two-dimensional digital mammograms (6161 cancers) and a retrospective study was performed on three nonoverlapping datasets of 14 831 screening mammography examinations (1026 cancers) from two U.S.

Rates of bone reabsorption and union in mandibular reconstruction using the osteocutaneous radial forearm free flap.

Background: Historical concerns over bone resorption and malunion of the osteocutaneous radial forearm free flap (OCRFFF) limited its widespread adoption for head and neck reconstruction, despite lack of outcomes data evaluating this notion.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed including patients 18 years or older who underwent reconstruction of the mandible using an OCRFFF. Linear modeling and logistic regression were used to evaluate the change in bone volume and union over time.

Physician and executive collaboration on rapid development of pandemic needs response to support physicians and medical staff during the COVID-19 pandemic in an academic medical center: a descriptive review.

Dialogue on physician well-being was concerning even prior to onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, which introduced additional unprecedented strain on healthcare workers compounded by increased personal and family stress. This paper describes our process for a rapid needs assessment and creation of a pandemic resiliency and well-being support infrastructure for physicians and healthcare staff at an academic medical center. In March 2020, executive leadership from our health system and physician group created a Resiliency and Support Steering Committee (RSSC) for rapid development of a pandemic needs response for our healthcare providers.

Pathology protocol increases lymph node yield in neck dissection for oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Lymph node yield (LNY) is a proposed quality indicator in neck dissection for oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC).

Methods: Retrospective series including 190 patients with OCSCC undergoing neck dissection between 2016 and 2018. A change in pathologic grossing protocol was initiated during the study period to assess residual adipose tissue.

The role of head and neck cancer advocacy organizations during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on many aspects of head and neck cancer (HNC) care. The uncertainty and stress resulting from these changes has led many patients and caregivers to turn to HNC advocacy groups for guidance and support. Here we outline some of the issues being faced by patients with HNC during the current crisis and provide examples of programs being developed by advocacy groups to address them.

Association of a Lean Surgical Plan of the Day With Reduced Operating Room Time for Head and Neck Free Flap Reconstruction.

Importance: Inefficiency in the operating room (OR) is detrimental to the patient, the hospital, and the surgeon. Head and neck procedures requiring microvascular reconstruction are complex, lengthy operations in which prolonged operative time is associated with higher complication rates and increased costs.

Objective: To use Lean methodology to identify potential OR efficiency improvement opportunities for head and neck surgical cases involving free tissue transfer, to implement an intervention, the free flap plan of the day, and to evaluate OR times after implementation.

Auranofin Protects Intestine against Radiation Injury by Modulating p53/p21 Pathway and Radiosensitizes Human Colon Tumor.

Purpose: The radiosensitivity of the normal intestinal epithelium is the major limiting factor for definitive radiotherapy against abdominal malignancies. Radiosensitizers, which can be used without augmenting radiation toxicity to normal tissue, are still an unmet need. Inhibition of proteosomal degradation is being developed as a major therapeutic strategy for anticancer therapy as cancer cells are more susceptible to proteasomal inhibition-induced cytotoxicity compared with normal cells.

Management of the Neck in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity and Oropharynx: ASCO Clinical Practice Guideline.

Purpose: The aim of the current work is to provide evidence-based recommendations to practicing physicians and others on the management of the neck in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and oropharynx.

Methods: ASCO convened an Expert Panel of medical oncology, surgery, radiation oncology, and advocacy experts to conduct a literature search, which included systematic reviews, meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, and prospective and retrospective comparative observational studies published from 1990 through 2018. Outcomes of interest included survival, regional disease control, neck recurrence, and quality of life.

Potent Antitumor Effects of a Combination of Three Nutraceutical Compounds.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is associated with low survival, and the current aggressive therapies result in high morbidity. Nutraceuticals are dietary compounds with few side effects. However, limited antitumor efficacy has restricted their application for cancer therapy.

Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Drive Glycolysis in a Targetable Signaling Loop Implicated in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Progression.

Despite aggressive therapies, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is associated with a less than 50% 5-year survival rate. Late-stage HNSCC frequently consists of up to 80% cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF). We previously reported that CAF-secreted HGF facilitates HNSCC progression; however, very little is known about the role of CAFs in HNSCC metabolism.

Mandibular reconstruction.

Mandibular reconstruction presents unique functional and aesthetic challenges to the reconstructive surgeon. This review will cover current techniques for mandibular reconstruction, including the various plating strategies for rigid fixation, the choice of osseous donor site, and the concurrent reconstruction of associated soft tissue defects. Recent developments and future horizons in mandibular reconstruction including the use of virtual surgical planning and tissue engineering will also be addressed.

Outcomes after free tissue transfer for composite oral cavity resections involving skin.

Background: Resections involving oral cavity mucosa, bone, and skin present a unique challenge. Optimizing outcomes often requires technically demanding reconstruction. The purpose of this study is to evaluate outcomes of several reconstructive approaches for patients with composite through-and-through defects, with a focus on the osteocutaneous radial forearm free flap (RFFF).

Development and Characterization of an In Vitro Model for Radiation-Induced Fibrosis.

Radiation-induced fibrosis (RIF) is a major side effect of radiotherapy in cancer patients with no effective therapeutic options. RIF involves excess deposition and aberrant remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) leading to stiffness in tissues and organ failure. Development of preclinical models of RIF is crucial to elucidate the molecular mechanisms regulating fibrosis and to develop therapeutic approaches.

Mitochondrial Haplotype Alters Mammary Cancer Tumorigenicity and Metastasis in an Oncogenic Driver-Dependent Manner.

Using a novel mouse model, a mitochondrial-nuclear exchange model termed MNX, we tested the hypothesis that inherited mitochondrial haplotypes alter primary tumor latency and metastatic efficiency. Male FVB/N-Tg(MMTVneu)202Mul/J (Her2) transgenic mice were bred to female MNX mice having FVB/NJ nuclear DNA with either FVB/NJ, C57BL/6J, or BALB/cJ mtDNA. Pups receiving the C57BL/6J or BALB/cJ mitochondrial genome (i.

Secretory Autophagy in Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Promotes Head and Neck Cancer Progression and Offers a Novel Therapeutic Target.

Despite therapeutic advancements, there has been little change in the survival of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Recent results suggest that cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) drive progression of this disease. Here, we report that autophagy is upregulated in HNSCC-associated CAFs, where it is responsible for key pathogenic contributions in this disease.

The degree of intratumor mutational heterogeneity varies by primary tumor sub-site.

In an era where mutational profiles inform treatment options, it is critical to know the extent to which tumor biopsies represent the molecular profile of the primary and metastatic tumor. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) arise primarily in the mucosal lining of oral cavity and oropharynx. Despite aggressive therapy the 5-year survival rate is at 50%.

Expanding the Utilization of the Osteocutaneous Radial Forearm Free Flap beyond Mandibular Reconstruction.

Background The osteocutaneous radial forearm free flap (OCRFFF) for mandibular reconstruction has been well described. Despite this flap's utility in the repair of such defects, the indications for the OCRFFF have continued to expand in recent years. The advantages of the OCRFFF allow for a high degree of versatility in the reconstruction of the various anatomical and aesthetic units of the head and neck.

Mitigation of Tumor-Associated Fibroblast-Facilitated Head and Neck Cancer Progression With Anti-Hepatocyte Growth Factor Antibody Ficlatuzumab.

Importance: Ficlatuzumab can be used to treat head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) by inhibiting c-Met receptor-mediated cell proliferation, migration, and invasion.

Objective: To understand the effect of ficlatuzumab on HNSCC proliferation, migration, and invasion.

Design, Setting, And Participants: The effects of ficlatuzumab on HNSCC proliferation, invasion, and migration were tested.

Evaluation of bone length and number of osteotomies utilizing the osteocutaneous radial forearm free flap for mandible reconstruction: An 8-year review of complications and flap survival.

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of bone harvest length and multiple osteotomies on osteocutaneous radial forearm free flap (RFFF) complication rates.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted for patients undergoing osteocutaneous RFFF reconstruction during an 8-year period.

Results: One hundred fifty-five osteocutaneous RFFF procedures were performed.

National operative case log growth charts in otolaryngology-head and neck surgery training.

Objective: To report national standard case log growth curves for operative procedures in otolaryngology and to describe a method by which program directors can chart surgical case numbers over resident training to longitudinally assess sufficiency of cases and parity between residents.

Study Design: Data visualization and analysis.

Setting: American Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) national case log data for otolaryngology residency.

A longitudinal study of emotional intelligence training for otolaryngology residents and faculty.

Importance: Emotions underlie and influence physician communications and relationships with patients and colleagues. Training programs to enhance emotional attunement, or emotional intelligence (EI), for physicians and assess training effects are scarce.

Objective: To assess whether an EI training program for otolaryngology residents and faculty affects patient satisfaction.

Factors influencing morbidity after surgical management of malignant thyroid disease.

Objectives: We performed a retrospective study of cases from 2005 to 2010 at an academic tertiary care center to analyze the factors that influence morbidity in surgical management of thyroid malignancy.

Methods: The rates of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury and hypoparathyroidism (HPT) were analyzed in the entire cohort. The comparison groups were 1) primary surgery versus revision; 2) total thyroidectomy versus total thyroidectomy combined with neck node dissection; and 3) two groups defined by surgical technique according to the RLN approach: group 1, in which the RLN was identified inferiorly in the tracheoesophageal groove, and group 2, in which the RLN was identified near the cricothyroid joint point of entry.