Allicin Induces Electrogenic Secretion of Chloride and Bicarbonate Ions in Rat Colon via the TRPA1 Receptor.

Allicin, an antioxidant from garlic, is known to regulate intestinal contractions, but its effect on intestinal ion transport is unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the role of allicin in the regulation of electrogenic ion transport in rat intestine by measuring the transmural potential difference (ΔPD). Allicin induced significant positive ΔPD, when administered to the serosal side of the colonic mucosal-submucosal preparation.

Diabetes Care Providers' Manual for Disaster Diabetes Care.

To ensure that experiences and lessons learned from the unprecedented 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake are used to improve future disaster planning, the Japan Diabetes Society (JDS) launched the "Research and Survey Committee for Establishing Disaster Diabetes Care Systems Based on Relevant Findings from the Great East Japan Earthquake" under the supervision of the Chairman of the JDS. The Committee conducted a questionnaire survey among patients with diabetes, physicians, disaster medical assistance teams (DMATs), nurses, pharmacists, and nutritionists in disaster areas about the events they saw happening, the situations they found difficult to handle, and the needs that they felt required to be met during the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake. A total of 3,481 completed questionnaires were received.

Oral administration of heat-killed SBC8803 elevates the ratio of acyl/des-acyl ghrelin in blood and increases short-term food intake.

It is known that gastrointestinal microbiota, probiotics and heat-killed microbes can regulate intestinal immunity; however, their effect on the secretion of gastrointestinal hormones is unclear. The secretion of gastrointestinal hormones can be mediated by the elevation of intracellular Ca concentration, suggesting that these hormones may act through common mechanisms. We have previously shown that heat-killed SBC8803 (hk-SBC8803) induced the secretion of serotonin and elevated intracellular Ca concentration in serotonin-producing RIN-14B cells, suggesting that hk-SBC8803 could potentially cause the same effect on other gastrointestinal hormones, including hunger hormone ghrelin.

[A Case of Good Quality of Life(QOL)and Favorable Response to Transarterial Chemoembolization(TACE)against Synchronous Multiple Liver Metastases].

We report a case of good quality of life(QOL)and favorable response to transarterial chemoembolization(TACE)against synchronous multiple liver metastases. An 85-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of melena. Colonoscopy showed multiple type 2 tumors in the sigmoid colon and upper rectum.

HsSAS-6-dependent cartwheel assembly ensures stabilization of centriole intermediates.

At the onset of procentriole formation, a structure called the cartwheel is formed adjacent to the pre-existing centriole. SAS-6 proteins are thought to constitute the hub of the cartwheel structure. However, the exact function of the cartwheel in the process of centriole formation has not been well characterized.

Intramolecular Noncovalent Interactions Facilitate Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence (TADF).

In the conventional molecular design of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) organic emitters, simultaneously achieving a fast rate of reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) from the triplet to the singlet manifold and a fast rate of radiative decay is a challenging task. A number of recent experimental data, however, point to TADF emitters with intramolecular π-π interactions as a potential pathway to overcome the issue. Here, we report a comprehensive investigation of TADF emitters with intramolecular π···π or lone-pair···π noncovalent interactions.

Analysis of systemic lupus erythematosus-related interstitial pneumonia: a retrospective multicentre study.

Thoracic diseases in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), especially interstitial pneumonia (SLE-IP), are rare and have been poorly studied. The aims of this multicentre study were to evaluate SLE-IP and elucidate its clinical characteristics and prognosis. Fifty-five patients with SLE-IP who had attended the respiratory departments of participating hospitals were retrospectively evaluated in this multicentre study.

Clival Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma with an Initial Histopathological Diagnosis of Atypical Pituitary Adenoma.

Histologically, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and atypical pituitary adenoma are similar, posing a potential clinical problem. A 76-year-old woman, whose past medical history was significant for hepatitis C virus (HCV), positivity without liver cirrhosis was presented with abducens nerve (CN VI) palsy. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a clival tumor with infiltration of the right cavernous sinus.

Prevotella cerevisiae sp. nov., beer-spoilage obligate anaerobic bacteria isolated from brewery wastewater.

Two obligate anaerobic, Gram-stain-negative, non-spore-forming bacilli (strains SBC 8034 and SBC 8065) were isolated from brewery wastewater. Cells of the two strains were rod-shaped and 0.8×2-5 µm in size.

Supplementation of eicosapentaenoic acid-rich fish oil attenuates muscle stiffness after eccentric contractions of human elbow flexors.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the effect of supplementation of fish oil rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on the damage of the biceps brachii after eccentric contractions (ECCs) of the elbow flexors, particularly focusing on muscle stiffness.

Methods: Sixteen men were included in this double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel design study and the participants were randomly assigned to the EPA and DHA supplement group (EPA, n = 8) and placebo group (PL, n = 8). They consumed either EPA 600 mg and DHA 260 mg per day or placebo supplement for 8 weeks prior to exercise.

Photostable and highly emissive glassy organic dots exhibiting thermally activated delayed fluorescence.

Organic nanoparticles (O-dots) with a high photoluminescence quantum yield (94%) and long-lived delayed emission (3.1 μs) originating from thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) were developed as glassy state particles using an oil in water emulsion under high pressure (<20 bar). The TADF glassy O-dots exhibit not only good dispersibility and high photostability in water but also good uptake properties into living cells.

Surgery for Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor G3 and Carcinoma G3 Should be Considered Separately.

Background: The role of surgery in pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm grade 3 (pNEN-G3) treatment remains unclear. We aimed to clarify the role of surgery for pNEN-G3, which has recently been reclassified as pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor-G3 (pNET-G3) and pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma-G3 (pNEC-G3), with and without metastases, respectively.

Methods: We analyzed a subgroup of patients from the Japanese pancreatic NEC study, a Japanese multicenter case-series study of pNEN-G3.

A modified preauricular and transmandibular approach for surgical management of osteosarcoma of the mandibular condyle within the masticator space and infratemporal fossa: a case report.

Background: Osteosarcomas of the head and neck region are rare entities that comprise < 10% of all osteosarcomas. Multimodality treatment of patients with osteosarcoma is well-established for osteosarcoma in long bones, and the benefits of chemotherapy in long bones are clearly known. However, there is no consensus regarding the effects of chemotherapy in cases of head and neck osteosarcoma.

The active-site cysteine residue of Ca/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase I is protected from irreversible modification via generation of polysulfidation.

Ca/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase (CaMK) I is activated by the phosphorylation of a crucial activation loop Thr by upstream kinases, CaMK kinase (CaMKK), and regulates axonal or dendritic extension and branching. Reactive sulfur species (RSS) modulate protein functions via polysulfidation of the reactive Cys residues. Here, we report that the activity of CaMKI was reversibly inhibited via its polysulfidation at Cys by RSS.

Effects of lifelong intake of lemon polyphenols on aging and intestinal microbiome in the senescence-accelerated mouse prone 1 (SAMP1).

Polyphenols have been examined for their beneficial effects on health, particularly in rodents, but their lifelong effects are unclear. Lemons (Citrus limon), containing lemon polyphenols (LPP), are widely consumed but the effects of LPP on aging are unknown. Therefore, we examined the effects of LPP on aging such as aging-related scores, locomotor activity, cognitive functions, and intestinal microbiome using senescence-accelerated mouse prone 1 (SAMP1) and senescence-accelerated resistant mouse 1 (SAMR1).

Cytoplasmic control of Rab family small GTPases through BAG6.

Rab family small GTPases are master regulators of distinct steps of intracellular vesicle trafficking in eukaryotic cells. GDP-bound cytoplasmic forms of Rab proteins are prone to aggregation due to the exposure of hydrophobic groups but the machinery that determines the fate of Rab species in the cytosol has not been elucidated in detail. In this study, we find that BAG6 (BAT3/Scythe) predominantly recognizes a cryptic portion of GDP-associated Rab8a, while its major GTP-bound active form is not recognized.

The clinical impact of the left atrial posterior wall lesion formation by the cryoballoon application for persistent atrial fibrillation: Feasibility and clinical implications.

Introduction: The left atrial (LA) posterior wall (LAPW) has been targeted to improve the clinical outcomes in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation (PersAF). This study aimed to investigate the feasibility, safety, and clinical implications of cryoballoon (CB) applications on the LAPW to accomplish electrical isolation (EI) of the LAPW with CB.

Methods: A total of 100 patients (males, 84; mean age, 64 ± 10 years) with PersAF were enrolled.

[A Case of Pelvic Metastasis of Rectal Cancer That Developed Ten Years after Curative Resection].

We report a case of pelvic metastasis of rectal cancer that developed 10 years after curative resection. An 81-year-old woman underwent intersphincteric resection for lower rectal cancer 10 years previously. The tumor was pathologically diagnosed as T2N0M0, Stage Ⅰ.

[A Study of Treatment for Pathological T1(SM)Colorectal Cancer Patients after Endoscopic Resection at Our Department].

Approximately 10% of pathological T1(SM)colorectal cancer patients develop lymph node metastases. Therefore additional colectomy with lymph node dissection is recommended when it applies to the specific criteria in the current JSCCR guidelines. However, additional colectomy would not be done in some cases, because surgery is too invasive for some patients.

Lesions and Distribution of Viral Antigen in the Brain of Hamsters Infected With Equine Herpesvirus (EHV)-9, EHV-1 Strain Ab4p, and Zebra-Borne EHV-1.

Encephalitis in hamsters, which was induced by equine herpesvirus (EHV)-9, EHV-1 strain Ab4p, and zebra-borne EHV-1, was investigated and compared to assess viral kinetics and identify the progression and severity of neuropathological findings. Hamsters were inoculated with EHV-9, EHV-1 strain Ab4p, and zebra-borne EHV-1 via the nasal route and euthanized at 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, and 168 hours postinoculation (HPI). The inoculated hamsters had mild to severe neurological signs at 60 to 72, 96, and 120 HPI, and the mortality rate was 75%, 0%, and 0% for animals inoculated with EHV-9, EHV-1 strain Ab4p, and zebra-borne EHV-1 viruses, respectively.

Tumor Protein p53 and K-ras Gene Mutations in Peruvian Patients with Gallbladder Cancer.

Background: Recent studies have shown that genetic alterations are associated with the effect of patient geographic location on gallbladder cancer development. Peru has a high incidence of gallbladder cancer, but causative factors have not yet been identified. We examined the frequency of mutations in TP53 and K-ras genes in Peruvian patients with gallbladder cancer, and compared this with data from Bolivia, Hungary, Chile, and Japan, which have a high gallbladder cancer incidence.

Two and Four Weeks of β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate (HMB) Supplementations Reduce Muscle Damage Following Eccentric Contractions.

Objective: This study investigated the effect of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation for either 2 or 4 weeks on the muscle damage after elbow flexors after eccentric contractions (ECCs).

Methods: Twenty-eight untrained men were completed the double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel design study. The subjects were randomly assigned to the ingestion of HMB supplement for 2 weeks (HMB 2-week, n = 10), for 4 weeks (HMB 4-week, n = 10), or a placebo group (PL, n = 8).