Ten-Year Outcome of Boston Type I Keratoprosthesis Surgery at a Tertiary Care Center.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to report long-term outcomes of patients who have undergone Boston type I keratoprosthesis (KPro) surgery.

Methods: This study was a retrospective review. Inclusion criteria were KPro surgery between 2006 and 2012 and at least 10 years of follow-up.

The role of vocabulary and grammar in the listening text comprehension of school-age Cantonese-speaking children with developmental language disorder.

The current study examined the role of vocabulary and grammar in the listening comprehension of school-age Cantonese-speaking children with developmental language disorder in Hong Kong. Participants were 692 typically developing children (TD) and 53 children with developmental language disorder (DLD) and they were tested with a standardized test of oral Cantonese, which includes measures on listening comprehension, receptive and expressive grammar, expressive vocabulary, word definition and lexical relations. The results from multiple regression analysis revealed that listening comprehension of the TD group was explained by receptive grammar, expressive vocabulary, and lexical relationships.

Perspectives of Resident and Attending Ophthalmologists on Common Ethical Dilemmas in Research.

 To assess how resident and attending ophthalmologists perceive and evaluate ethically controversial scenarios regarding mentorship, authorship, and ethics compliance that may occur during research involving residents.  An online survey was developed and contained 14 controversial vignettes based on common research scenarios that can occur when conducting research with trainees. The scenarios were designed to capture issues regarding three themes: mentorship, authorship, and compliance with ethical guidelines.

Rates of Internal Hiring of Ophthalmology Faculty from their Institution of Training at Top Academic Medical Centers: A Cross-Sectional Study.

 Throughout graduate and postgraduate education, trainees need to gauge the impact of training location on future institutions of practice.  We assessed rates of internal hiring of ophthalmology faculty at academic institutions from their same institution of training.  This was a cross-sectional study.

Trends in Cornea Fellowship Applications and Applicant Characteristics: A San Francisco Match Analysis.

 We investigate trends in cornea fellowship positions filled over time and applicant characteristics associated with matching into cornea fellowship.  Characteristics of cornea fellowship applicants were assessed using deidentified 2010 to 2017 San Francisco (SF) Match data. Publicly available SF Match cornea fellowship data including the number of participating programs, number of positions offered, number of positions filled, percentage of positions filled, and number of vacancies from 2014 to 2019 were also analyzed as data from 2010 to 2013 were unavailable.

Exposure of Ophthalmology Residents to Cornea and Keratorefractive Surgeries in the United States.

 To describe the cornea and keratorefractive surgeries experience of U.S. ophthalmology residents.

Opportunity Cost to Attending Surgeons of Intraoperative Training for Residents in Cataract Surgery.

Purpose: To estimate the opportunity cost to attending surgeons of teaching residents cataract surgery in the operating room.

Patients And Methods: Operating room records at an academic teaching hospital from July 2016 to July 2020 were analyzed in this retrospective review of cases. Cases were identified using Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes 66982 and 66984 for cataract surgery.

Barriers in Ophthalmology Residency Applications for Students Identifying as Underrepresented in Medicine: A San Francisco Match Analysis.

Objective: There is a significant lack of ophthalmologists who self-identify as underrepresented in medicine (URiM) in the physician workforce. Prior literature has revealed bias in traditional metrics for selection relied on by resident programs such as United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) scores, letters of recommendation (LOR), and induction into medical honors societies such as Alpha Omega Alpha (AOA). The purpose of this study was to elucidate race-based differences in word usage within ophthalmology residency letters of recommendation that may disproportionately affect URiM applicants.

Fate of Research Articles Reported by Ophthalmology Residency Applicants: What Happens to "Submitted" and "In Preparation" Articles?

Objective: As coronavirus disease 2019 affects clinical training opportunities and with the transition of U.S. Medical Licensing Examination Step 1 to pass-fail, research may become increasingly important for evaluating ophthalmology residency applicants.

Keratoplasty in the United States: Trends and Indications From 2015 to 2020.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to report trends in keratoplasty techniques and indications in the United States from 2015 to 2020.

Methods: This retrospective review of annual reports from the Eye Bank Association of America assessed domestic corneal graft distribution and surgical indication data for various types of keratoplasty. Trends in procedure volume and indications from 2015 to 2020 were analyzed using the Cochran-Armitage test.

Ghost and Honorary Authorship in Ophthalmology: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

Purpose: To evaluate the rates of ghost and honorary authorship in ophthalmology and to determine risk factors associated with ghost and honorary authorship.

Design: Cross-sectional survey.

Methods: Corresponding authors of articles published in Ophthalmology, JAMA Ophthalmology, and the American Journal of Ophthalmology from June 2019 to December 2020 were emailed an electronic survey.

Cataract Surgery Numbers in U.S. Ophthalmology Residency Programs: An ACGME Case Log Analysis.

Purpose: To describe and assess the cataract experience of ophthalmology residents throughout the United States (U.S.).

Patient Use of Dietary Supplements, Home Monitoring, or Genetic Testing for Nonneovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Purpose: This work evaluated the use and type of dietary supplements and home monitoring for nonneovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD), as well as the prevalence of genetic testing among patients with AMD.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted of 129 participants older than 50 years who completed self-administered questionnaires regarding usage and type of dietary supplements and home monitoring, as well as the participants' use of genetic testing for AMD.

Results: Of 91 participants with AMD, 83 (91.

Visual Acuity Reporting in Clinical Research Publications.

Importance: Visual acuity results in publications typically are reported in Snellen or non-Snellen formats or both. A study in 2011 suggested that many ophthalmologists do not understand non-Snellen formats, such as logarithm of the Minimum Angle of Resolution (logMAR) or Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) letter scores. As a result, some journals, since at least 2013, have instructed authors to provide approximate Snellen equivalents next to non-Snellen visual acuity values.

Autophagy induction causes a synthetic lethal sensitization to ribonucleotide reductase inhibition in breast cancer cells.

Macroautophagy can promote cellular survival or death depending on the cellular context and its extent. We hypothesized that autophagy induction would synergize with a therapeutic agent targeting the autophagic cargo. To test this hypothesis, we treated breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells with tamoxifen (TMX), which induces autophagy through an estrogen receptor-independent pathway.

Bridging the divide between sensory integration and binding theory: Using a binding-like neural synchronization mechanism to model sensory enhancements during multisensory interactions.

Neural information combination problems are ubiquitous in cognitive neuroscience. Two important disciplines, although conceptually similar, take radically different approaches to these problems. Sensory binding theory is largely grounded in synchronization of neurons responding to different aspects of a stimulus, resulting in a coherent percept.

An analysis of noun definition in Cantonese.

This study investigated the noun definitions given by Cantonese speakers at different ages. Definitional responses on six concrete nouns from 1075 children aged 4;10 to 12;01 and 15 adults were analyzed with reference to the semantic content and the syntactic form. Results showed that conventional definitions produced by Cantonese adult speakers were realized with specific superordinates and more perceptual than functional attributes.

Elementary visual hallucinations and their relationships to neural pattern-forming mechanisms.

An extraordinary variety of experimental (e.g., flicker, magnetic fields) and clinical (epilepsy, migraine) conditions give rise to a surprisingly common set of elementary hallucinations, including spots, geometric patterns, and jagged lines, some of which also have color, depth, motion, and texture.

Task-based working memory guidance of visual attention.

Previous research has established that holding a stimulus in working memory (WM) facilitates the deployment of visual attention to that stimulus relative to other stimuli. The present study examined whether maintaining a specific task in WM would also bias the allocation of attention to the stimuli associated with that task. Participants performed a speeded letter search task while simultaneously keeping in WM one of two task cues shown at the beginning of each trial.

To honor Fechner and obey Stevens: relationships between psychophysical and neural nonlinearities.

G. T. Fechner (1860/1966) famously described two kinds of psychophysics: Outer psychophysics captures the black box relationship between sensory inputs and perceptual magnitudes, whereas inner psychophysics contains the neural transformations that Fechner's outer psychophysics elided.

Narrative assessment for Cantonese-speaking children.

Background: This study examined the narrative skills of Cantonese-speaking school-age children to fill a need for a normative language test for school-age children.

Purpose: To provide a benchmark of the narrative skills of Cantonese-speaking children; to identify which of the microstructure components was the best predictor of age; and to determine the diagnostic accuracy of the test components.

Method And Procedure: Data were collected from 1,120 Cantonese-speaking children between the ages of 4;10 (years;months) and 12;01, using a story-retell of a 24-frame picture series.