CD83 is a new potential biomarker and therapeutic target for Hodgkin lymphoma.

Chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation are effective treatments for most Hodgkin lymphoma patients, however there remains a need for better tumor-specific target therapy in Hodgkin lymphoma patients with refractory or relapsed disease. Herein, we demonstrate that membrane CD83 is a diagnostic and therapeutic target, highly expressed in Hodgkin lymphoma cell lines and Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells in 29/35 (82.9%) Hodgkin lymphoma patient lymph node biopsies.

Effects of re-immunization of heifers against inhibin on hormonal profiles and ovulation rate.

To study the effect of re-immunization against inhibin on ovarian response and hormonal profiles, Japanese beef heifers (n = 5) were re-immunized three times with inhibin vaccine (recombinant ovine inhibin alpha-subunit in oil emulsion, 125 microg ml(-1)) one year after the primary immunization. Control heifers (n = 5) were injected with placebo (Montanide: Marcol adjuvant alone). Oestrous cycles were synchronized by using prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) and ovarian response was monitored daily by ultrasonography.

A comparison of whole-genome shotgun-derived mouse chromosome 16 and the human genome.

The high degree of similarity between the mouse and human genomes is demonstrated through analysis of the sequence of mouse chromosome 16 (Mmu 16), which was obtained as part of a whole-genome shotgun assembly of the mouse genome. The mouse genome is about 10% smaller than the human genome, owing to a lower repetitive DNA content. Comparison of the structure and protein-coding potential of Mmu 16 with that of the homologous segments of the human genome identifies regions of conserved synteny with human chromosomes (Hsa) 3, 8, 12, 16, 21, and 22.

Effect of transcutaneous immunization with co-administered antigen and cholera toxin on systemic and mucosal antibody responses in sheep.

Direct application of antigens to skin together with an adjuvant, a procedure called transcutaneous immunization (TCI), can induce systemic immune responses in mice, humans, cats and dogs. In previous studies we found that cholera toxin (CT) applied topically on unbroken skin induces systemic antibody and lymphocyte proliferative responses in sheep. The current study examined whether concurrent administration of CT and tetanus toxoid (TT) delivered transcutaneously could induce specific antibody responses to both antigens in sheep.

Induction of systemic immune responses in sheep by topical application of cholera toxin to skin.

Cholera (and related) toxins (CT) when applied topically on unbroken skin induce systemic immune responses in mice, a procedure called transcutaneous immunization (TCI). The current study examined the capacity for TCI to induce systemic immune responses in sheep. Three groups (n=5 per group) were immunized at day 0 (priming) and day 28 (boosting) with 250 microg of CT in water by TCI, with 25 microg of CT in alum by intramuscular injection, or not immunized.

Development of embryos in superovulated guinea pigs following active immunization against the inhibin alpha-subunit.

Embryo recovery and subsequent embryonic development from guinea pigs treated with or without inhibin vaccines were compared to determine the effect of active immunization against the inhibin alpha-subunit. Twenty female guinea pigs of the Hartley strain were injected 3 times either with 1 ml inhibin vaccine (recombinant ovine inhibin a-subunit in oil emulsion: 50 microg/ml, inhibin-immunized group), or 1 ml placebo (saline in oil emulsion; control group) at 4 week intervals. After one estrous cycle following the last injection, females were naturally mated and embryos were collected at 11:00 hr of day 6 of pregnancy (Day 1: sperm in the vaginal smear) for culture in vitro.

Transcutaneous immunization of domestic animals: opportunities and challenges.

Transcutaneous immunization (TCI), the topical application of antigen and adjuvant directly onto intact skin, can safely and effectively elicit systemic immune responses in mice and humans against a variety of antigens. This novel method of vaccine delivery has the potential to provide a safe and convenient method by which vaccines may be delivered to elicit protective immunity in domestic animals. To date, however, immune responses induced by TCI in companion and production animals has not been reported.

Follicle selection in cyclic guinea pigs with active immunization against inhibin alpha-subunit.

Experiments were conducted to elucidate the mechanisms of active immunization against inhibin on ovarian follicular development and selection in guinea pigs. Estrous cycle was synchronized in experimental guinea pigs by implanting progesterone containing tubes. Antibodies that bound 125I-labeled bovine inhibin were produced by all guinea pigs receiving the inhibin vaccine (recombinant ovine alpha-subunit in oil emulsion) without any effects on duration of the estrous cycle.

Induction of superovulation by inhibin vaccine in cyclic guinea-pigs.

Experiments were conducted to determine whether neutralizing endogenous inhibin affects follicular development and ovulation rate in guinea-pigs. Eighteen female guinea-pigs bearing 4 week progesterone implants were divided into three groups. At 1 week after removal of the progesterone implants, the animals were given a s.

The effect of acute immuno-neutralisation of inhibin in ewes during the early luteal phase of the oestrous cycle on ovarian hormone secretion and follicular development.

Ewes with ovarian autotransplants received either inhibin antiserum (10 ml i.v. raised in sheep against recombinant 32 kDa human inhibin; n = 6) or sheep serum (10 ml i.

Immunological manipulation of ovulation rate for twinning in cattle.

Unlike in sheep, in which immunization against androstenedione causes mild and reasonably controlled increased ovulation rate, in similar studies cattle showed highly variable responses ranging from increased ovulation rate and fertility through to anovulation/anoestrous or superovulation. As a consequence, interest in manipulation of ovulation rate through this approach has declined and is now focused on immunological manipulation of endogenous inhibin following successful studies in sheep. Studies have concentrated on developing a prototype inhibin-based vaccine to be used for twinning in the Australian beef industry.

Manipulation of inhibin during the luteal-follicular phase transition of the primate menstrual cycle fails to affect FSH secretion.

The pattern of inhibin concentrations in blood during the menstrual cycle in primates has suggested an endocrine role of inhibin in the negative feedback control of FSH secretion during the luteal phase. Conversely, the fall in inhibin during the late luteal phase may play a role in the rise in serum FSH during the luteal-follicular phase transition. This hypothesis was examined by determining the effects of manipulation of inhibin on FSH secretion in stumptailed macaques.

Testosterone effects on spermatogenesis in the gonadotropin-releasing hormone-immunized rat.

Active immunization of adult rats with a GnRH fusion protein was used to inhibit gonadotropin secretion and to establish an in vivo model for studying the hormonal control of spermatogenesis. The model was characterized in terms of the efficacy of the immunogen as well as the time course and nature of the immunological and biological responses. To study the reinitiation of spermatogenesis, testosterone (T) was chosen for this initial study as it is known to restore spermatogenesis in gonadotropin-deficient rats.

Pituitary and ovarian function in ewes immunized against the amino-terminal peptide (alpha N) of the inhibin alpha 43-subunit.

Immunization of ewes against the amino-terminal peptide (alpha N) of the pro-alpha-subunit of inhibin has been shown to reduce fertility, thought to be due to disruption of ovulation. The aims of this study were to examine the effects of active immunization of ewes against alpha N on circulating concentrations of FSH, LH and on ovarian inhibin and progesterone, and to relate these observations to number of corpora lutea and oocyte recovery rates. Ewes were immunized against one or both of two recombinant full length bovine-alpha N immunogens (FP1 and FP2).

Effect of active immunization against the amino-terminal peptide (alpha N) of the alpha 43 kDa subunit of inhibin (alpha 43) on fertility of ewes.

Immunization against the amino-terminal peptide (alpha N) of the alpha 43 subunit of inhibin was shown previously to reduce fertility in ewes. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of active immunization of ewes against alpha N on egg recovery and fertilization rates. Ewes were immunized against alpha N immunogen, and were given 800 I.

Active immunization of Merino ewe lambs with recombinant bovine alpha inhibin advances puberty and increases ovulation rate.

Ewe lambs (n = 24-25) were immunized at 3, 7 and 15 weeks of age with recombinant bovine alpha-inhibin (rec inhibin) or with bovine monoclonal antibody purified inhibin (bMPI) obtained by immunochromatography from bovine follicular fluid or with adjuvant alone (control). Antibodies in the plasma of the lambs immunized with the inhibin preparations bound to iodinated 31 kDa bovine inhibin. Binding was minimal after the primary immunization, increased after each booster immunization and remained elevated until at least 45 weeks of age (29% for rec inhibin and 11% for bMPI).

The antagonistic effect of exogenous LH pulses on FSH-stimulated preovulatory follicle growth in ewes chronically treated with a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist.

The hypogonadotrophism model induced by the chronic administration of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist was used to investigate the effects of different concentrations of FSH with or without LH pulses on the stimulation of follicular development in the ewe. Continuous administration of an agonist (buserelin) by osmotic minipump to thirty-six Welsh Mountain ewes from the early luteal phase for 5 weeks resulted in a sustained suppression of the plasma concentration of FSH and inhibited the pulsatile release of LH. The inhibition of gonadotrophin secretion was due to the desensitization and/or down-regulation of pituitary gonadotroph function, since the agonist-treated animals showed no response to a challenge of 1 microgram GnRH.

Immunization against recombinant bovine inhibin alpha subunit causes increased ovulation rates in gilts.

Immunization of gilts in a commercial piggery against a fusion protein of the alpha subunit of bovine inhibin, produced by recombinant DNA methods, resulted in mean ovulation rate increases of 35% at the oestrus at which, under the piggery's management practices, they would have been mated. Sera from two immunized groups showed mean binding of 6.6% and 4.

FSH causes a time-dependent stimulation of preovulatory follicle growth in the absence of pulsatile LH secretion in ewes chronically treated with gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist.

The study investigated the relationship between the plasma concentration of FSH and the stimulation of preovulatory follicle growth in vivo in ewes chronically treated with the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist buserelin (HOE 766). Welsh Mountain ewes with regular oestrous cycles were treated for 6 weeks with two discs implants placed s.c.

Immunisation against the amino-terminal peptide (alpha N) of the alpha 43 subunit of inhibin impairs fertility in sheep.

Processing of the 58 kDa to the 31 kDa form of inhibin (Inh) involves cleavage of the amino-terminal peptide (alpha N) from the alpha 43-subunit. We show that active immunisation of female sheep against a recombinant bovine alpha N impairs their fertility. In Exp 1, 5 treated (Group 1; 300 micrograms alpha N) and 6 control ewes (Group 2; adjuvant only) were immunized (Day 1) and given boosters on Days 22 and 56.

Effect of level of food intake of ewes on the secretion of LH and FSH and on the pituitary response to gonadotrophin-releasing hormone in ovariectomized ewes.

The effect of level of food intake on LH and FSH profiles and pituitary sensitivity to gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) was investigated in two groups of 12 ovariectomized ewes. Ewes with a high intake (group H) had a mean daily intake (+/- S.E.

Evidence for a major role of inhibin in the feedback control of FSH in the male rat.

Adult rats (16-18/group) received a single intratesticular injection of 25, 100 or 400 microliters glycerol solution (7:3 in distilled water, v/v). Half of the rats in each group were given implants of testosterone, a testosterone-filled Silastic capsule (1.5 cm length) to provide serum values of testosterone within the normal range.

Changes in the plasma concentrations of inhibin throughout the normal sheep oestrous cycle and after the infusion of FSH.

A radioimmunoassay for inhibin was developed using a peptide containing the 1-26 amino acid sequence of the N-terminus of the alpha-chain of 32 kDa porcine inhibin as immunogen, and 125I-labelled tracer. Evaluation of this assay using Sephadex column chromatography, chromatoelectrophoresis and immunoblotting confirmed that it measured all forms of inhibin present in sheep follicular fluid and was suitable for measurement of inhibin in sheep plasma. There was no evidence of the presence of free alpha-subunit in either sheep follicular fluid or ovarian vein plasma.

Factors affecting the secretion of immunoactive inhibin into testicular interstitial fluid in rats.

Immunoreactive inhibin was measured in testicular interstitial fluid (IF) from rats during sexual maturation or after impairment of spermatogenesis induced by ethane dimethanesulphonate (EDS), unilateral cryptorchidism or local heating (43 degrees C, 30 min) of the testes, to ascertain its usefulness as a marker of changing Sertoli cell function. Cultures of isolated seminiferous tubules were also studied. Inhibin was measured by a radioimmunoassay directed towards the first 26 amino acids of the N-terminus of the alpha-subunit, and the results confirmed for selected pools of IF by in-vitro bioassay using dispersed ovine pituitary cells.

Secretion of bioactive inhibin by the ovary of the Booroola Merino ewe with or without a copy of the fecundity (F) gene.

The secretion rates of bioactive inhibin, oestradiol and progesterone were measured during the mid-luteal phase and at various times during the follicular phase of the cycle by a sensitive bioassay using sheep pituitary cells in culture in 12 Booroola ewes with and without copies of the Fecundity (F) gene in which the left ovary had been auto-transplanted to the neck. Inhibin secretion was high during the luteal phase and fell in the early follicular phase in all genotypes (P less than 0.01).