The state of erythrocytes in intact and vagotomized rats of different ages after massive hemorrhage.

Acute massive hemorrhage in rats is accompanied by consistent changes in the morphofunctional characteristics of erythrocytes: diameter, area, polarization, form factor, and integral and specific optical density. Thus, young initially intact rats showed significant increases in the mean diameter, area, and integral optical density at particular time points after hemorrhage, along with increases in erythrocyte polarization and form factor. Vagotomized rats of the same age group responded to hemorrhage only with an increase in the form factor.

[The role of the vascular factor in the reorganization of water metabolism in denervated liver after bacterial endotoxin poisoning].

Intoxication with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin) is accompanied by considerable rearrangements in the systems of blood microcirculation and water metabolism of the liver. These rearrangements are manifested as increased sinusoid area, changed total area of the cytoplasm and nuclei as well as the nucleocytoplasmic ratio in hepatocytes, increased content of total water in the organ, and changed magnetic relaxation properties (spin-lattice and spin-spin relaxation times). Preliminary parasympathetic denervation of the liver (vagotomy) changes the pattern of the organ response to bacterial endotoxin poisoning as indicated by the kinetics of studied morphological and biophysical parameters.

[The role of the nervous factor in regulation of oxygen supply to the small intestine].

The experimental model of rat bilateral subdiaphragmatic stem vagotomy was used to study the role of parasympathetic nervous system in regulation of circulation and oxygen supply to the small intestine. Cut of the vagus nerves is shown to cause redistribution of the blood flow between gastroduodenal organs, to slow down local circulation, to reduce oxygen tension in the muscular lining of the jejunum, to raise water content in the wall and change magnetorelaxational characteristics. Morphologically this manifested in altered arteriolar and capillary configuration, dilation of the capacity microvessels, dystrophia of microvessel wall, red cell aggregation in capillaries and venules, defective permeability of the vascular wall.

[Morpho-biochemical study of the liver and serum albumins during tetrachloromethane intoxication and administration of antihypoxants, antioxidants, and actoprotectors].

Organism intoxication with tetrachloromethane induces a complex of transformations in the liver and serum albumins system manifested in the liver as necroses in the central lobe, dilatation of sinus capillaries and blood stasis in them, increased content of total water, and changed magneto-relaxation properties indicating decreased structurization of water. The system of serum albumins shows decreased total concentration of albumins in the serum, decreased constant of 1-(phenylamino)-8-sulfonaphthalene probe binding, increased mean number of probe binding per albumin molecule, and increased accessibility of probe in the protein-probe complex for the quencher indicating changed type of interaction between the protein and fluorescent probe. Introduction of a antihypoxant, antioxidant, or actoprotector has a positive effect on the condition of the liver and serum albumins system: The studied indices are nearly completely normalized.

[Changes in reactivity of the contractile system of the small intestine caused by disturbed parasympathetic innervation].

We studied the role of parasympathetic division of vegetative nervous system in regulation of the intestine activity in rats subjected to bilateral subdiaphragmal vagotomy, the response of the neuromuscular apparatus of the small intestine to stimulation by aceclydine taken as an example. Intravenous injection of aceclydine (0.5 mg/kg) into intact animals is accompanied by characteristics changes in the electrical and contractile activities of the intestine, which reflect its enhanced motor activity.

[Changes in the serum albumin system during toxic syndrome and their pharmacologic correction].

In connection with the important role of serum albumins in pathogenesis and sanogenesis of numerous toxic states, we examined binding capacity of these proteins and conditions of their binding sites after acute poisoning with tetrachloromethane (TCM) and administration of antihypoxic agents (sodium gamma-hydroxybutirate), antioxidants (Dibunol), and actoprotector (Tomersol) to rats. We demonstrated that tetrachloromethane intoxication (3.2 g/kg over 24 h) was accompanied by a certain decrease (by 13.

[Changes in the morphofunctional status of the liver in rats with acute tetrachloromethane poisoning and their correction with antihypoxants, antioxidants and actoprotectors].

The acute tetrachlormethane intoxication leads to structural and metabolic alterations in the rat liver. Morphological changes include centrolobular necroses and blood stasis in dilated sinusoidal capillaries. Metabolic changes are manifested by an increase in the water content and time of the spin-lattice (T1) and spin-spin (T2) relaxation (this indicates a lesser degree of water structuralization and its enhanced lability), and distortion of the correlation between T1 and T2.

[Isolated enterocytes as an object of functional morphology].

Morphological examination of isolated enterocytes obtained-from the rat jejunum initial region by mechanical method after the previous treatment with ethylendiamintetracetic acid disodium salt included staining with hematoxylin, carmin and janus green. Histochemical reaction to alcaline phosphatase, succinate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, ATP-ase and glycosaminoglycans were performed. Significant resemblance between the main cytological and cytochemical characteristics of the isolated enterocytes and those of the intestinal epithelium was demonstrated.

[Changes in the rat small intestine under conditions of disordered sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation].

Comparative study of vagotomy and desympathization results, performed by similar methods and in similar terms demonstrated that disturbance of sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation of small intestine is accompanied with acquiring of morphofunctional alterations, similar in reaction of local immune apparatus and in disorders of digestive, absorptive and excretory functions. Specific properties of vagotomy and desympathization effects mainly concern dynamics of destructive, dystrophic (atrophic), inflammatory and vascular changes, extent of expression of secretory function disturbances and of intensity of intestinal epithelium proliferation.

[The role of the parasympathetic nervous system in regulating the kinetics of the regional blood circulation in the digestive system organs].

Cranio-bulbar part of the parasympathetic nervous system proved to be important for regulation of the blood flow distribution between the organs of the gastroduodenal complex (liver, stomach, and small intestine), rate of the local blood flow and its kinetics. Investigation of the blood supply of the above mentioned organs various periods (1-60 days) after bilateral subdiaphragmatic truncal vagotomy has demonstrated the most pronounced transformations in macro- and micro-hemodynamics in the 14-30 days period. Time pattern of these changes has one maximum in liver and stomach (14-30 days) and two maxima (7 and 30 days) in small intestine.

[The correction of postvagotomy disorders of the motor function in the small intestine by using antihypoxants and antioxidants].

Study of the electric activity of small intestine smooth muscle in vagotomized rats demonstrated diminution and disturbance of intestinal motility. These changes were most expressed within 30 days after vagotomy. Injection of antihypoxant sodium gamma-oxybutyrate and antioxidant dibunol to the vagotomized rats resulted in normalization of intestinal motility.

[The vagus regulation of the electrical activity of the contractile apparatus in the small intestine of rats under normal and pathological conditions].

The role of parasympathetic division of the vegetal nervous system in regulation of the small intestine motor activity under the normal and pathological conditions was estimated using multifactorial quantitative analysis of the electrical activity of its smooth muscle under the conditions of vagotomy, chronic duodenal ulcer and their combination. Switching off the intestine vagal innervation led to its weakened and altered motor activity, most pronounced on the 3rd and 30th day. Development of the duodenal ulcer is accompanied by the increased motor activity of the intestine with the spasm phenomena, later complemented by disturbed activity of the pacemaker and disturbed myogenic distribution of the electric complex (the most pronounced changes have been noted on the 10th, 40th and 230th day).

[Change in various properties of catalase in the small intestine of rats after vagotomy].

To evaluate the antioxidative system of the small intestine in disturbed parasympathetic innervation, the authors studied the activity of catalase, its resistance to substrate inactivation (catalytic capacity) and reduction potential (reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+) in the enteric homogenate in different periods (on day 14 and 30) after bilateral subdiaphragmatic truncal vagotomy. Vagotomy did not change catalase activity but was attended by an increase of catalase catalytic capacity and reduction potential. It is suggested that the discovered changes of the studied parameters are manifestations of responses of the antioxidative protective system of the small intestine to the activation of lipid peroxidation.

[An electromyographic method for determining the antihypoxic activity of preparations].

To measure drug antihypoxic activity, an electromyographic method was worked out. The main idea of the method is to estimate the influence of these substances on the amplitude of slow electric waves of smooth muscles on an isolated strip of rat small intestine in situ. This parameter whose value directly depends on tissue pO2 was recorded under the conditions of artificial ischemia of the intestinal strip.

[Use of dibunol in pharmacological correction of post-vagotomy hypoxia of digestive organs in rats].

1, 7, 14, 30 and 60 days after bilateral sub-diaphragmatic truncal vagotomy tension of oxygen (pO2) in liver, stomach and small intestine (jejunum) was determined. It was demonstrated that vagotomy leads to a decrease of pO2 in all investigated organs 1 day after the operation (such changes were observed in sham-operated rats) and 30 days, in jejunum--after 7 days, in liver--after 14 days, in stomach--after 60 days. Dibunol introduction in vagotomized rats during 29 days (starting from the second day after operation) results in pO2 normalization in all investigated organs.

[A histochemical analysis of the enzymes of the enterocyte transport and bioenergetics in rat small intestine after vagotomy and dibunol administration].

It was shown that the vagotomy leads to the elevation of the activity of alkaline phosphatase (AP) 7 days after the operation and to the decrease of its activity 30 days after the operation, and to the decrease of the activity of succinic dehydrogenase (SDG) 7 and 30 days after the operation. Introduction of dibunol leads to normalization of these disturbances of the activity of AP and SDG induced by vagotomy.