Vitamin D deficiency in Mongolian men aged 15-49 years.

We aimed to estimate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Mongolian men aged from 15 to 49 years at the National level as part of the Fifth National Nutrition Survey in 2016. This was a cross-sectional survey, conducted between September and November in 21 aimags of 4 economic regions of the country, and also in Ulaanbaatar. Given the regional differences in lifestyle and nutritional status, the target populations were stratified into 5 strata based on their economic region and in Ulaanbaatar, with equal samples drawn from each stratum using a cluster-randomized sampling design.

Calcium intake and serum calcium status in Mongolian children.

Dietary calcium intake in relation to calcium status in Mongolian children was investigated. This survey was a cross-sectional survey. A total of 835 children were randomly selected from 4 economic regions and Ulaanbaatar city.

Prevalence of classic signs and symptoms of rickets and vitamin D deficiency in Mongolian children and women.

In order to assess the current nutrition status of Mongolian population, including rickets and vitamin D deficiency of children and women, the Fourth National Nutrition Cross-Sectional Survey was conducted in 21 aimags (provinces) of 4 economic regions of the country and capital city Ulaanbaatar in 2010. Children of age under five years, and non-pregnant women of reproductive age were used as subjects for assessing rickets and vitamin D deficiency. A total of 400 households were randomly selected from each of 4 economic regions and Ulaanbaatar city.

Effects of vitamin D fortified milk on vitamin D status in Mongolian school age children.

Mongolians are at high risk for vitamin D deficiency because of their residence at northern latitude, reduced exposure to UV-B rays during the winter months, and a low availability of vitamin-D fortified foods. We performed a pilot study in May 2005 to estimate the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in Mongolian school age children and to determine the feasibility of conducting a longer and larger trial with fortified milk and vitamin D supplements. In a group of 46 Mongolian children (22 girls and 24 boys) aged 9-11 years, 76% (35) had levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) below 50 nmol/L (20 ng/mL) and 32% had levels below 37 nmol/L (15 ng/mL).

Milk consumption and the prepubertal somatotropic axis.

Background: Nutrients, hormones and growth factors in dairy foods may stimulate growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), and raise the ratio of IGF-I to its binding protein, IGFBP-3. We conducted pilot studies in Mongolia and Massachusetts to test the extent to which milk intake raised somatotropic hormone concentrations in prepubertal children.

Methods: In Ulaanbaatar, we compared plasma levels before and after introducing 710 ml daily whole milk for a month among 46 10-11 year old schoolchildren.