Composition and Dynamics of Hexapod Communities on Yushan Bamboo () in the Subtropical Montane Areas of Taiwan.

Plant communities that colonize high-elevation zones generally have short growing seasons which lead to specialized adaptations in such zones. In montane areas of Taiwan, Yushan bamboo (YB, ) is dominant at elevations ranging from 2500 to 3300 m and grows in a grassland-like open habitat. In this study, hexapods were collected from YB bimonthly between 2009 and 2012 by using a sweeping net.

Genetic Profile of the Parasitic Varroan Mite (Arachnida: Mesostigmata: Varroidae) in Taiwan: a New Taiwanese Haplotype Intermediate Between the Highly Virulent Russian and Less Virulent Japanese Types Identified in the Honey Bee Host .

The Modern beekeeping industry is being challenged by the varroan mite and its transmitted pathogens. Various types of exhibit different levels of virulence toward honey bees, but only the Japanese (J) and Russian (R) types were found to infect . Type R was more highly virulent against in comparison with type J.

Evolution of entecavir-resistant hepatitis B virus during entecavir and adefovir dipivoxil combination therapy.

The emergence of entecavir (ETV) resistance is rare, particularly in a longitudinal study. The aim of the present study was to characterize the evolution of ETV-resistant variants during antiviral therapy using entecavir monotherapy followed by ETV-adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) combination therapy. The study included a prospective cohort of 53 consecutive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients.

Structures of the human pyruvate dehydrogenase complex cores: a highly conserved catalytic center with flexible N-terminal domains.

Dihydrolipoyl acetyltransferase (E2) is the central component of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC), which converts pyruvate to acetyl-CoA. Structural comparison by cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) of the human full-length and truncated E2 (tE2) cores revealed flexible linkers emanating from the edges of trimers of the internal catalytic domains. Using the secondary structure constraints revealed in our 8 A cryo-EM reconstruction and the prokaryotic tE2 atomic structure as a template, we derived a pseudo atomic model of human tE2.

Analysis of chemical and enzymatic cleavage frequencies in supercoiled DNA.

Chemical and enzymatic probing methods are powerful techniques for examining details of sequence-dependent structure in DNA and RNA. Reagents that cleave nucleic acid molecules in a structure-specific, but relatively sequence-non-specific manner, such as hydroxyl radical or DNase I, have been used widely to probe helical geometry in nucleic acid structures, nucleic acid-drug complexes, and in nucleoprotein assemblies. Application of cleavage-based techniques to structures present in superhelical DNA has been hindered by the fact that the cleavage pattern attributable to supercoiling-dependent structures is heavily mixed with non-specific cleavage signals that are inevitable products of multiple cleavage events.