AGO2 localizes to cytokinetic protrusions in a p38-dependent manner and is needed for accurate cell division.

Argonaute 2 (AGO2) is an indispensable component of the RNA-induced silencing complex, operating at the translational or posttranscriptional level. It is compartmentalized into structures such as GW- and P-bodies, stress granules and adherens junctions as well as the midbody. Here we show using immunofluorescence, image and bioinformatic analysis and cytogenetics that AGO2 also resides in membrane protrusions such as open- and close-ended tubes.

Discovery and Pharmacological Evaluation of STEAP4 as a Novel Target for HER2 Overexpressing Breast Cancer.

Breast cancer (BC) is a highly heterogeneous disease encompassing multiple subtypes with different molecular and histopathological features, disease prognosis, and therapeutic responses. Among these, the Triple Negative BC form (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype with poor prognosis and therapeutic outcome. With respect to HER2 overexpressing BC, although advanced targeted therapies have improved the survival of patients, disease relapse and metastasis remains a challenge for therapeutic efficacy.

Colorectal cancer metastases to the thyroid gland-a systematic review : Colorectal cancer thyroid metastases.

Background: Despite its rich vasculature, the thyroid gland is a rare site of metastatic disease. We present a systematic review of colorectal cancer (CRC) thyroid metastases, with emphasis on diagnosis, therapeutic management, and oncological outcomes.

Methods: A systematic review of the English literature (1990 to 2019) was performed, using the PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar bibliographic databases.

Excessive Leukocytosis Leading to a Diagnosis of Aggressive Thyroid Anaplastic Carcinoma: A Case Report and Relevant Review.

Introduction: Leukocytosis and particularly neutrophilia are usually caused by acute infection, inflammation, and myeloproliferative neoplasms. However, leukocytosis can also occur in patients with malignancy either due to bone marrow metastases or in the context of a paraneoplastic syndrome.

Case Presentation: An 86-year-old female was admitted to our hospital due to marked leukocytosis (white blood cells [WBC] >40,000/μL), neutrophilia, and monocytosis.

Lessons learned from the management of Hungry Bone Syndrome following the removal of an Atypical Parathyroid Adenoma.

Hungry Bone Syndrome (HBS) refers to rapid, profound, and prolonged hypocalcemia associated with hypophosphatemia and hypomagnesemia occurring in patients with increased bone turnover after successful management of the underlying disorder. We describe a male patient with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), in whom HBS was diagnosed 6 months after parathyroidectomy. Histopathologic examination revealed an atypical parathyroid adenoma (APA), while immunohistochemistry showed cell proliferation index Ki-67 10% and overexpression of cyclin D1 (>90%).

Reactive C cell hyperplasia as an incidental finding after thyroidectomy for papillary carcinoma.

The biologic and clinical significance of reactive C cell hyperplasia (CCH), adjacent to differentiated thyroid cancers, remains unknown. Our aim was to investigate the presence of CCH in thyroidectomy specimens with papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC) and discuss its epidemiology and histology. In total, 413 patients were prospectively included in the study (189 benign goiters, 224 PTC).

IGF-IEc Expression Is Associated With Advanced Differentiated Thyroid Cancer.

Background/aim: Recent knowledge implicates a differential expression of the insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) mRNA splice variants (i.e., IGF-IEa, IGF-IEb and IGF-IEc) in cancerous tissues, implying possible specific roles of the encoded IGF-I protein isoforms in cancer biology.

PI3K/AKT pathway genetic alterations and dysregulation of expression in bladder cancer.

Purpose: To examine the involvement of specific components of the PI3K/AKT pathway in urinary bladder cancer development.

Methods: Samples from 65 tumors and 13 normal bladder tissues were collected. Genomic DNA isolation from snap-frozen and paraffin-embedded laser-microdissected tissues was followed by Sanger sequencing, whereas total RNA was purified for use in RT-PCR analyses.

Resistance to Fas-Mediated Apoptosis Does Not Correlate to Structural Alterations or Expression Changes of the Death Receptor in Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas.

Background: Malignant cells exhibit significant resistance to FAS-mediated cell death, through different processes, including FAS mutations, soluble FAS expression, or FAS transcriptional dysregulation by P53, eventually escaping from immune surveillance. Since thyroid carcinomas were shown to be resistant to FAS-mediated apoptosis, we investigated the above mechanisms in thyroid carcinoma samples.

Methods: Thirty-seven thyroid carcinoma samples were analyzed for mutations in FAS exon 9 and TP53 exons 5-8 and protein expression by means of immunohistochemistry.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Preoperative Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratios in Detecting Occult Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinomas in Benign Multinodular Goitres.

Objective: To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte (PLR) ratios in detecting occult papillary thyroid microcarcinomas in benign, multinodular goitres.

Methods: 397 total thyroidectomy patients were identified from the institutional thyroid surgery database between 2007 and 2016 (94 males, 303 females, mean age 53 ± 14.5 years).

Association of Baseline Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio with Clinicopathological Characteristics of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.

Objective: To investigate the potential association of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), a surrogate systemic inflammatory biomarker, with clinical and pathological characteristics of papillary thyroid cancers.

Methods: 205 patients with papillary carcinoma were identified from the institutional thyroid cancer database between 2006 and 2015 (55 males, 150 females, mean age 51.2 ± 14.

Evidence for APOBEC3B mRNA and protein expression in oral squamous cell carcinomas.

It has been demonstrated that APOBEC3B possesses cytidine deaminase activity, which is likely to result in C-to-T signature mutations. Increased expression of the APOBEC3B gene has been shown to correlate with higher incidence of such mutations in various cancer types, such as breast, bladder, lung, and head and neck carcinomas. In the current study, we used in silico methods, immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR to detect the presence of APOBEC3B signature mutations and examine the levels and patterns of APOBEC3B expression in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs).

Association of Intraoperative Neuromonitoring With Reduced Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Injury in Patients Undergoing Total Thyroidectomy.

Importance: Injury of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) is one of the most serious complications of thyroid surgery. Intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) has been introduced to verify RLN function integrity and may be a helpful adjunct in nerve dissection.

Objective: To determine whether the use of IONM can reduce the incidence of RLN injury in patients undergoing total thyroidectomy.

GLP-1 receptors exist in the parietal cortex, hypothalamus and medulla of human brains and the GLP-1 analogue liraglutide alters brain activity related to highly desirable food cues in individuals with diabetes: a crossover, randomised, placebo-controlled trial.

Aims/hypothesis: Liraglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogue that has been demonstrated to successfully treat diabetes and promote weight loss. The mechanisms by which liraglutide confers weight loss remain to be fully clarified. Thus, we investigated whether GLP-1 receptors are expressed in human brains and whether liraglutide administration affects neural responses to food cues in diabetic individuals (primary outcome).

18-Fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography scan for monitoring the therapeutic response in experimental Staphylococcus aureus foreign-body osteomyelitis.

Background: 18-Fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography ((18)F-FDG PET/CT) scan is useful for diagnosis of osteoarticular infections. Whether (18)F-FDG PET/CT scanning may be used for therapeutic monitoring is not clear. The objective of this study was to develop (18)F-FDG PET/CT scanning for monitoring therapeutic response to antimicrobials in experimental Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis.

SIN1, a critical component of the mTOR-Rictor complex, is overexpressed and associated with AKT activation in medullary and aggressive papillary thyroid carcinomas.

Background: Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) forms 2 active complexes in the cell: the rapamycin-sensitive mTOR-Raptor (mTORC1) and the rapamycin-insensitive mTOR-Rictor (mTORC2). The latter activates AKT kinase, which promotes tumor cell survival and proliferation by multiple downstream targets. Mammalian stress-activated protein kinase interacting protein 1 (SIN1), an essential subunit of the mTORC2 complex, maintains the integrity of the complex and substrate specificity and regulates Akt activation.

A comparative study of bone remodeling molecules expression in different types of jaw ameloblastoma.

Background: Solid ameloblastoma demonstrates a more invasive behavior compared to unicystic. The follicular ameloblastoma is referred that may present a higher recurrence potential compared to the plexiform variant. In this study, the different ameloblastoma clinical types and histopathological variants were examined regarding the expression of bone remodeling-related molecules OPG, RANKL, and TRAIL.

Bilateral versus unilateral papillary thyroid microcarcinoma: predictive factors and associated histopathological findings following total thyroidectomy.

Objective: The extent of thyroidectomy for papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) is debatable. This study investigated the rate and predictive factors of bilateral versus unilateral PTMC with the objective of identifying those patients who may benefit from total thyroidectomy.

Design: Between January 2001 and December 2008, 2019 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy were examined.

Expression of MMPs and TIMP-1 in smoker and nonsmoker chronic periodontitis patients before and after periodontal treatment.

Background And Objective: Nonsurgical periodontal treatment controls periodontal inflammation. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) are implicated both in the destruction and in the healing of periodontal tissues. The aim of the present study was to compare the mRNA expression of MMP-1, -3, -8, -9 and -13 and TIMP-1 in chronic periodontitis before and after initial periodontal treatment.

Activation of mTOR signaling in medullary and aggressive papillary thyroid carcinomas.

Background: Because mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) may be involved in thyroid carcinogenesis, we investigated the expression and activation patterns of mTOR signaling proteins in thyroid carcinoma cells and tumors and their association with tumor histology and aggressiveness.

Methods: Tissue specimens from 50 patients with thyroid cancer were analyzed for eIF4E, a critical downstream target of the mTOR pathway, using immunohistochemistry. In addition, fresh-frozen samples from patients, and primary tumor cell cultures were analyzed for expression and activation of mTOR signaling proteins by Western blot.

A decision support system for assisting fine needle aspiration diagnosis of thyroid malignancy.

Objective: To assist diagnosis of thyroid malignancy, implementing a decision support system (DSS) using fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) data.

Study Design: The set of 2,035 thyroid smears contained 1,886 smears of nonmalignancy (class 1) and 150 smears of malignancy (class 2) verified histologically. For each smear, 67 medical features were considered by the expert, forming 2,036 feature vectors, which were fed into a DSS for discriminating between malignant and nonmalignant smears.

Direct role of adiponectin and adiponectin receptors in endometrial cancer: in vitro and ex vivo studies in humans.

Low adiponectin levels are an independent risk factor for and mediate the effect of obesity on endometrial cancer in epidemiology studies. The direct or indirect mechanisms underlying these findings remain to be elucidated. We first examined the expression of adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) and 2 (AdipoR2) in normal human endometrium and in endometrial cancer tissues ex vivo.

Circulating adiponectin is inversely associated with risk of thyroid cancer: in vivo and in vitro studies.

Context: Circulating adiponectin has been inversely associated with risk for several malignancies. Its association with thyroid cancer has not yet been evaluated.

Objective/methods: We measured circulating adiponectin levels in 175 thyroid carcinoma patients and 107 controls.

Adiponectin receptor expression in human malignant tissues.

Adiponectin has been proposed to be a mediator of obesity-associated malignancies and to have direct antineoplastic effects acting via adiponectin receptors AdipoR1 and AdipoR2. We describe herein the expression of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 in several cancers not previously studied. We used immunohistochemistry to assess expression of adiponectin receptors in archival specimens of renal cell carcinoma (n = 64), hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 123), melanoma (n = 20), cholangiocarcinoma (n = 20), transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder (n = 24), ovarian epithelial carcinoma (n = 63), cervical squamous cell carcinoma (n = 49), and adrenocortical carcinoma (n = 48).

The effect of smoking on the mRNA expression of MMPs and TIMP-1 in untreated chronic periodontitis patients: a cross-sectional study.

Background And Objective: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) are important for extracellular matrix. Expression of MMPs has been evaluated in gingiva without studying smoking. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of smoking on mRNA expression of MMP-1, -3, -8, -9 and -13 and TIMP-1 in untreated chronic periodontitis and in periodontal health.