Unraveling the Serotonergic Mechanism of Stress-Related Anxiety: Focus on Co-Treatment with Resveratrol and Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors.

In post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety-like symptoms are often associated with elevated noradrenaline levels and decreased serotonin. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are frequently used to treat anxiety, but elevated serotonin has been observed in some anxiety disorders. This study investigates stress-induced anxiety as an immediate effect of chronic stress exposure using the predator stress paradigm.

Unraveling the Liver-Brain Axis: Resveratrol's Modulation of Key Enzymes in Stress-Related Anxiety.

Stress-related anxiety disorders and anxiety-like behavior in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are associated with altered neurocircuitry pathways, neurotransmitter systems, and the activities of monoamine and glucocorticoid-metabolizing enzymes. Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol, is recognized for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antipsychiatric properties. Previous studies suggest that resveratrol reduces anxiety-like behavior in animal PTSD models by downregulating key enzymes such as 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD-1) and monoamine oxidases (MAOs).

Resveratrol: A Multifaceted Guardian against Anxiety and Stress Disorders-An Overview of Experimental Evidence.

The medicinal properties of resveratrol have garnered increasing attention from researchers. Extensive data have been accumulated on its use in treating cardiovascular diseases, immune system disorders, cancer, neurological diseases, and behavioral disorders. The protective mechanisms of resveratrol, particularly in anxiety-related stress disorders, have been well documented.

Limited Cheese Intake Paradigm Replaces Patterns of Behavioral Disorders in Experimental PTSD: Focus on Resveratrol Supplementation.

Currently, the efficacy of drug therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder or PTSD leaves much to be desired, making nutraceutical support a promising avenue for treatment. Recent research has identified the protective effects of resveratrol in PTSD. Here, we tested the behavioral and neurobiological effects of combining cheese consumption with resveratrol supplements in an experimental PTSD model.

Unveiling the Link: Exploring Mitochondrial Dysfunction as a Probable Mechanism of Hepatic Damage in Post-Traumatic Stress Syndrome.

PTSD is associated with disturbed hepatic morphology and metabolism. Neuronal mitochondrial dysfunction is considered a subcellular determinant of PTSD, but a link between hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction and hepatic damage in PTSD has not been demonstrated. Thus, the effects of experimental PTSD on the livers of high anxiety (HA) and low anxiety (LA) rats were compared, and mitochondrial determinants underlying the difference in their hepatic damage were investigated.

Resistance to Resveratrol Treatment in Experimental PTSD Is Associated with Abnormalities in Hepatic Metabolism of Glucocorticoids.

Glucocorticoids are metabolized by the CYP3A isoform of cytochrome P450 and by 11-β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD-1). Experimental data suggest that post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with an increase in hepatic 11β-HSD-1 activity and a concomitant decrease in hepatic CYP3A activity. -resveratrol, a natural polyphenol, has been extensively studied for its antipsychiatric properties.

Can Resveratrol Influence the Activity of 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1? A Combined In Silico and In Vivo Study.

The enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD-1) is an NADPH-dependent reductase, responsible for the activation of cortisol by reducing cortisone. Resveratrol (RES), a type of natural polyphenol, is reported to be able to slow the progression of cancer and cardiovascular disease and improve the health of mice on a high-calorie diet. In this article, we applied molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the possibility of binding RES to 11β-HSD-1.

Cerebral Blood Flow in Predator Stress-Resilient and -Susceptible Rats and Mechanisms of Resilience.

Stress-induced conditions are associated with impaired cerebral blood flow (CBF) and increased risk of dementia and stroke. However, these conditions do not develop in resilient humans and animals. Here the effects of predator stress (PS, cat urine scent, ten days) on CBF and mechanisms of CBF regulation were compared in PS-susceptible (PSs) and PS-resilient (PSr) rats.

Mechanisms of Susceptibility and Resilience to PTSD: Role of Dopamine Metabolism and BDNF Expression in the Hippocampus.

Susceptibility and resilience to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are recognized, but their mechanisms are not understood. Here, the hexobarbital sleep test (HST) was used to elucidate mechanisms of PTSD resilience or susceptibility. A HST was performed in rats 30 days prior to further experimentation.

Big Five Traits as Predictors of a Healthy Lifestyle during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results of a Russian Cross-Sectional Study.

The healthy lifestyle of people around the world has changed dramatically during the COVID-19 pandemic. The personality risk factors for these processes from around the world remain understudied. This study aimed to examine the associations of the Big Five traits with a healthy lifestyle during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Risk Factors and Mechanisms of Cardiovascular Diseases in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Model in Wistar Rats as Dependent on Stress Resistance and Age.

The article focuses on the pathogenetic mechanisms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which is associated with psychological stress because of the coronavirus pandemic. The molecular mechanisms responsible for disease susceptibility in some individuals and stress resistance in others are amongst crucial research interests of experimental and clinical medicine. Priority data were obtained to indicate that distortions of synthesis and metabolism and, most significantly, a switch between two energy transport forms, glucose and lipids, underlie myocardial dysfunction in young and old stress-sensitive Wistar rats in a PTSD model.

Paradoxical Anxiety Level Reduction in Animal Chronic Stress: A Unique Role of Hippocampus Neurobiology.

A paradoxical reduction in anxiety levels in chronic predator stress paradigm (PS) in Sprague-Dawley rats has recently been shown in previous works. In this paper, we studied the possible neurobiological mechanism of this phenomenon. We segregated PS-exposed Sprague-Dawley rats into the high- and low-anxiety phenotypes.

Somatic and psychological distress among Russian university students during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective: Previous studies highlighted a high prevalence of mental health issues among students during the COVID-19 pandemic, but there is no evidence from Russia. This study was aimed to examine the prevalence of somatic and psychological distress among Russian university students.

Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted in March-April 2021.

The Link between Activities of Hepatic 11beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase-1 and Monoamine Oxidase-A in the Brain Following Repeated Predator Stress: Focus on Heightened Anxiety.

We investigated the presence of a molecular pathway from hepatic 11-βHSD-1 to brain MAO-A in the dynamics of plasma corticosterone involvement in anxiety development. During 14 days following repeated exposure of rats to predator scent stress for 10 days, the following variables were measured: hepatic 11-βHSD-1 and brain MAO-A activities, brain norepinephrine, plasma corticosterone concentrations, and anxiety, as reflected by performance on an elevated plus maze. Anxiety briefly decreased and then increased after stress exposure.

Exposure to chronic stressor upsurges the excitability of serotoninergic neurons and diminishes concentrations of circulating corticosteroids in rats two weeks thereafter.

Background: Exposure to predator scent (PS) has been used as a model of stress associated with danger to life and body integrity. Under stress conditions, the brain serotoninergic (5-HT) system plays an important role.

Methods: We tested the hypothesis that repeated PS exposure alters the excitability of 5-HT neurons of the dorsal raphe nucleus.

Biomarkers in PTSD-susceptible and resistant veterans with war experience of more than ten years ago: FOCUS ON cortisol, thyroid hormones, testosterone and GABA.

In the present study we measured the concentrations of cortisol, thyroid hormones, testosterone, and GABA (gamma aminobutyric acid) in am blood plasma samples of combatants with an at least 10 year history of military psychological trauma (N = 74) divided in groups that either suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (N = 37) or are resistant (N = 37) as well as in a control group without traumatic experience in the anamnesis, (N = 34). PTSD symptoms were assessed using the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS). The results show that the am blood cortisol levels of individuals that were exposed to war zone experiences irrespective susceptibility for or resistance to PTSD were significantly higher than the values observed in the controls.

New Morphofunctional Criteria for Resistance Profile in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Models as Adrenal Dysfunction Trigger.

For the first time in modeling posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), we have described the morphofunctional state of adrenal glands in Wistar rats resistant and sensitive to predator stress (rodent fear of the predator). Despite the evident signs of adrenal dysfunction in both phenotypes, we have discovered the thickening of undifferentiated cell zone and high indices of functional activity of stem cells in resistant animals, suggesting ample adaptation. The most important data demonstrate the direct relationship between the reduction of corticosterone and testosterone levels and adrenal dysfunction in PTSD models.

A Rat Model of Post-Traumatic Stress Syndrome Causes Phenotype-Associated Morphological Changes and Hypofunction of the Adrenal Gland.

Background: Rats exposed to chronic predator scent stress mimic the phenotype of complex post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in humans, including altered adrenal morphology and function. High- and low-anxiety phenotypes have been described in rats exposed to predator scent stress (PSS). This study aimed to determine whether these high- and low-anxiety phenotypes correlate with changes in adrenal histomorphology and corticosteroid production.

SARS-Cov-2 Damage on the Nervous System and Mental Health.

The World Health Organization declared the pandemic situation caused by SARSCoV- 2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2) in March 2020, but the detailed pathophysiological mechanisms of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are not yet completely understood. Therefore, to date, few therapeutic options are available for patients with mildmoderate or serious disease. In addition to systemic and respiratory symptoms, several reports have documented various neurological symptoms and impairments of mental health.

Erratum to: "Anxiety and neurometabolite levels in the hippocampus and amygdala after prolonged exposure to predator-scent stress".

Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genetiki i Selektsii = Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding. 2019;23(5):582-587 (in Russian) Page 587, in Acknowledgements instead of The animals and behavioral testing are supported by the budget project (No. 0324-2019-0041).

Cardiac injury in rats with experimental posttraumatic stress disorder and mechanisms of its limitation in experimental posttraumatic stress disorder-resistant rats.

Traumatic stress causes posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD is associated with cardiovascular diseases and risk of sudden cardiac death in some subjects. We compared effects of predator stress (PS, cat urine scent, 10 days) on mechanisms of cardiac injury and protection in experimental PTSD-vulnerable (PTSD) and -resistant (PTSDr) rats.

Offensive Behavior, Striatal Glutamate Metabolites, and Limbic-Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Responses to Stress in Chronic Anxiety.

Variations in anxiety-related behavior are associated with individual allostatic set-points in chronically stressed rats. Actively offensive rats with the externalizing indicators of sniffling and climbing the stimulus and material tearing during 10 days of predator scent stress had reduced plasma corticosterone, increased striatal glutamate metabolites, and increased adrenal 11-dehydrocorticosterone content compared to passively defensive rats with the internalizing indicators of freezing and grooming, as well as to controls without any behavioral changes. These findings suggest that rats that display active offensive activity in response to stress develop anxiety associated with decreased allostatic set-points and increased resistance to stress.

Hexobarbital Sleep Test for Predicting the Susceptibility or Resistance to Experimental Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.

Hexobarbital sleep test (HST) was performed in male Wistar rats (hexobarbital 60 mg/kg, i.p.) 30 days prior to stress exposure.

Low glucocorticoids in stress-related disorders: the role of inflammation.

There is evidence that plasma cortisol concentration can be either increased or decreased in patients with depression and related anxiety and stress-related disorders; the exact pathophysiological mechanisms of this state are not almost clear. Several distinct theories were proposed and mechanisms, which could lead to decreased glucocorticoid signaling and/or levels, were described. However, there is a possible drawback in almost all the theories proposed: insufficient attention to the inflammatory process, which is undoubtedly present in several stress-related disorders, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

High and low anxiety phenotypes in a rat model of complex post-traumatic stress disorder are associated with different alterations in regional brain monoamine neurotransmission.

Background: Repeated exposure to predator scent stress (PSS) has been used as an animal model of complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD). The aim of the current study was to assess brain monoamines and their primary metabolites concentrations in male Wistar rats (16 control, 19 exposed to chronic PSS).

Methods: Rats were exposed to PSS for ten days.