Selective delivery of therapeutic modalities to tumor cells via binding of tumor-selective cell-surface biomarkers has empowered substantial advances in cancer treatment. Yet, tumor cells generally lack a truly specific biomarker that is present in high density on tumor tissue while being completely absent from healthy tissue. Rather, low but nonzero expression in healthy tissues results in on-target, off-tumor activity with detrimental side effects that constrain the therapeutic window or prevent use altogether.
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