Population structure, case clusters, and genetic lesions associated with Canadian Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- isolates.

Monophasic Salmonella 4,[5]:12:i:- are a major public health problem because they are one of the top five Salmonella serotypes isolated from clinical cases globally and because they can carry resistance to multiple antibiotics. A total of 811 Salmonella 4,[5]:12:i:- and S. Typhimurium whole genome sequences (WGS) were generated.

Emergence of a Novel Salmonella enterica Serotype Reading Clonal Group Is Linked to Its Expansion in Commercial Turkey Production, Resulting in Unanticipated Human Illness in North America.

Two separate human outbreaks of serotype Reading occurred between 2017 and 2019 in the United States and Canada, and both outbreaks were linked to the consumption of raw turkey products. In this study, a comprehensive genomic investigation was conducted to reconstruct the evolutionary history of Reading from turkeys and to determine the genomic context of outbreaks involving this infrequently isolated serotype. A total of 988 isolates of U.

Outbreak of O157:H7 Infections Linked to Mechanically Tenderized Beef and the Largest Beef Recall in Canada, 2012.

Contaminated beef is a known vehicle of O157:H7 infection, although more attention is given to the control of O157:H7 in ground, rather than whole-cut, beef products. In September 2012, an investigation was initiated at an Alberta, Canada, beef plant after the detection of O157:H7 in two samples of trim cut from beef originating from this plant. Later in September 2012, Alberta Health Services identified five laboratory-confirmed infections of O157:H7, and case patients reported eating needle-tenderized beef steaks purchased at a store in Edmonton, Alberta, produced with beef from the Alberta plant.

Multistate Outbreak of Listeriosis Associated with Packaged Leafy Green Salads, United States and Canada, 2015-2016.

We investigated an outbreak of listeriosis detected by whole-genome multilocus sequence typing and associated with packaged leafy green salads. Nineteen cases were identified in the United States during July 5, 2015-January 31, 2016; isolates from case-patients were closely related (median difference 3 alleles, range 0-16 alleles). Of 16 case-patients interviewed, all reported salad consumption.

Shared genome analyses of notable listeriosis outbreaks, highlighting the critical importance of epidemiological evidence, input datasets and interpretation criteria.

The persuasiveness of genomic evidence has pressured scientific agencies to supplement or replace well-established methodologies to inform public health and food safety decision-making. This study of 52 epidemiologically defined Listeria monocytogenes isolates, collected between 1981 and 2011, including nine outbreaks, was undertaken (1) to characterize their phylogenetic relationship at finished genome-level resolution, (2) to elucidate the underlying genetic diversity within an endemic subtype, CC8, and (3) to re-evaluate the genetic relationship and epidemiology of a CC8-delimited outbreak in Canada in 2008. Genomes representing Canadian Listeria outbreaks between 1981 and 2010 were closed and manually annotated.

Evaluation of whole-genome sequencing for outbreak detection of Verotoxigenic Escherichia coli O157:H7 from the Canadian perspective.

Background: Rapid and accurate identification of Verotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC) O157:H7 is dependent on well-established, standardized and highly discriminatory typing methods. Currently, conventional subtyping tests for foodborne bacterial pathogen surveillance are rapidly being replaced with whole-genome sequencing (WGS) in public health laboratories. The capacity of WGS to revolutionize global foodborne disease surveillance has positioned this tool to become the new gold standard; however, to ensure evidence standards for public health decision making can still be achieved, the performance of WGS must be thoroughly validated against current gold standard methods prior to implementation.

Outbreak of Salmonella Typhimurium associated with feeder rodents.

In December 2012, an increase in human Salmonella Typhimurium cases was identified in the province of Ontario, Canada launching an outbreak investigation. The outbreak spanned 3 years (2012-2014), with 134 cases reported from five Canadian provinces. There was a substantial burden of illness among children: 45% of cases were children 12 years old or under, and 23% of cases were under 5 years old.

Outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Infections Linked to Aged Raw Milk Gouda Cheese, Canada, 2013.

Between 12 July and 29 September 2013, 29 individuals in five Canadian provinces became ill following infection with the same strain of Escherichia coli O157:H7 as defined by molecular typing results. Five case patients were hospitalized, and one died. Twenty-six case patients (90%) reported eating Gouda cheese originating from a dairy plant in British Columbia.

Multi-provincial Salmonellosis Outbreak Related to Newly Hatched Chicks and Poults: A Genomics Perspective.

Background: A multi-provincial outbreak of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis was linked to newly hatched chicks and poults from a single hatchery during the spring of 2015. In total, there were 61 human cases that were epidemiologically confirmed to be linked to the chicks and poults and the outbreak was deemed to have ended in the summer of 2015.

Methods: PulseNet Canada, in coordination with the affected provinces, used genome sequencing of human and agricultural Salmonella Enteritidis isolates to aid in the epidemiological investigation, while also using traditional typing methods such as phagetyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).

International outbreak of multiple Salmonella serotype infections linked to sprouted chia seed powder - USA and Canada, 2013-2014.

Salmonella is a leading cause of bacterial foodborne illness. We report the collaborative investigative efforts of US and Canadian public health officials during the 2013-2014 international outbreak of multiple Salmonella serotype infections linked to sprouted chia seed powder. The investigation included open-ended interviews of ill persons, traceback, product testing, facility inspections, and trace forward.

Brookings supports breastfeeding: using public deliberation as a community-engaged approach to dissemination of research.

Empirical evidence demonstrates myriad benefits of breastfeeding for mother and child, along with benefits to businesses that support breastfeeding. Federal and state legislation requires workplace support for pumping and provides protections for public breastfeeding. Yet, many are unaware of these laws, and thus, support systems remain underdeveloped.

Outbreak of Reading in persons of Eastern Mediterranean origin in Canada, 2014-2015.

Background: Reading ( Reading) is a rare serotype of subspecies (spp.) in Canada with less than nine cases reported each year (2011-2013). An increase in .

Using Simulation to Improve Student and Faculty Knowledge of Telehealth and Rural Characteristics.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the knowledge of senior baccalaureate nursing students and faculty members regarding telehealth and rural nursing concepts before and after participation in a newly developed simulation, which incorporated telehealth use in a rural home environment. Statistically significant increases in knowledge were found in both faculty and students following participation in the simulation. The results of this research indicate the need to increase student and faculty knowledge about telehealth and rural nursing concepts.

The Impact of Multilocus Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Analysis on PulseNet Canada Escherichia coli O157:H7 Laboratory Surveillance and Outbreak Support, 2008-2012.

The lack of pattern diversity among pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profiles for Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Canada does not consistently provide optimal discrimination, and therefore, differentiating temporally and/or geographically associated sporadic cases from potential outbreak cases can at times impede investigations. To address this limitation, DNA sequence-based methods such as multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) have been explored. To assess the performance of MLVA as a supplemental method to PFGE from the Canadian perspective, a retrospective analysis of all E.

The utility of multiple molecular methods including whole genome sequencing as tools to differentiate Escherichia coli O157:H7 outbreaks.

A standardised method for determining Escherichia coli O157:H7 strain relatedness using whole genome sequencing or virulence gene profiling is not yet established. We sought to assess the capacity of either high-throughput polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of 49 virulence genes, core-genome single nt variants (SNVs) or k-mer clustering to discriminate between outbreak-associated and sporadic E. coli O157:H7 isolates.

Student Perceptions of Quality and Safety Competencies.

Aim/purpose: The purpose of the study was to evaluate senior students' level of preparedness to perform and perceived importance of 22 QSEN-related skills over a three year project period.

Background: The national Quality and Safety Education in Nursing (QSEN) project promotes student learning in the provision of safe, quality health care. One Midwestern nursing program attempted to address health care challenges by purposefully utilizing the QSEN competencies for curricular changes.

Multi-Province Listeriosis Outbreak Linked to Contaminated Deli Meat Consumed Primarily in Institutional Settings, Canada, 2008.

A multi-province outbreak of listeriosis occurred in Canada from June to November 2008. Fifty-seven persons were infected with 1 of 3 similar outbreak strains defined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and 24 (42%) individuals died. Forty-one (72%) of 57 individuals were residents of long-term care facilities or hospital inpatients during their exposure period.

Policies aren't enough: the importance of interpersonal communication about workplace breastfeeding support.

Background: Formal policies can establish guidelines and expectations for workplace breastfeeding support. However, interpersonal communication between employees and managers is the context where such policies are explained, negotiated, and implemented. As such, this article focuses on interpersonal communication about breastfeeding support in the workplace.

Using a first-year seminar to introduce nursing.

First-year seminar courses designed to aid the transition of freshmen students to the collegiate experience are commonplace requirements at many 4-year institutions. The authors describe the development, implementation, and outcomes of a first-year seminar course with introductory nursing content.

Team-based learning: an innovative approach to teaching maternal-newborn nursing care.

Nursing education programs are charged with the task of transforming the way future nurses are educated to better meet the demands of an ever-changing health care system. The tradition of lecture-based theory courses and on-site clinical experiences is slowly being replaced by evidence-based teaching formats that focus on actively engaging students in their own learning. This article describes the process of integrating a new teaching strategy-team-based learning-into a maternal-newborn nursing course at a midwestern baccalaureate nursing program.

Phase II Trial of Paclitaxel/Cisplatin Followed by Surgery and Adjuvant Radiation Therapy and 5-Fluorouracil/Leucovorin for Gastric Cancer (ECOG E7296).

Background: Randomized trials have shown an increase in survival with perioperative chemotherapy as well as with postoperative chemoradiation. It was hypothesized that combining induction chemotherapy with postoperative chemoradiation would be well tolerated and improve pathologic complete response.

Methods: Patients with resectable cancers of the stomach/gastroesophageal junction were eligible.

Clinical academic partnership: mutual ownership for clinical learning.

Quality clinical learning is increasingly challenging, yet essential for aspiring nurses. Creativity is needed to optimize scarce clinical experiences, maximize faculty talents, and ensure direct student engagement with clinical experts. The authors discuss a clinical academic partner project designed to address these issues.

Prevalence of negative birth perception, disaffirmation, perinatal trauma symptoms, and depression among postpartum women.

Purpose: This study documented new case and estimated annual case prevalence, and relationships among women's negative birth perceptions, provider disaffirmation, perinatal trauma symptoms, and depression at 6-7 months postpartum.

Design And Methods: An exploratory investigation of 71 White women (20.8% of the total population) was conducted.

Isolation and detection of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in clinical stool samples using conventional and molecular methods.

The isolation of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) other than serogroup O157 from clinical stool samples is problematic due to the lack of differential phenotypic characteristics from non-pathogenic E. coli. The development of molecular reagents capable of identifying both toxin and serogroup-specific genetic determinants holds promise for a more comprehensive characterization of stool samples and isolation of STEC strains.

Tetracycline to prevent epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor-induced skin rashes: results of a placebo-controlled trial from the North Central Cancer Treatment Group (N03CB).

Background: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors are effective cancer therapies, but they are reported to cause a rash in >50% of patients. In the current study, the authors examined the use of tetracycline for rash prevention.

Methods: This placebo-controlled, double-blinded trial enrolled patients who were starting cancer treatment with an EGFR inhibitor.