Predictors of Pulmonary Hypertension and Right Ventricular Dysfunction in Patients with Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis.

Background: Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is an interstitial lung disease (ILD) that occurs in susceptible individuals in response to various inhaled antigens. The fibrotic phenotype of HP is characterized by disease progression and can lead to pulmonary hypertension (PH). The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of PH and to identify predictors of PH in patients with chronic HP.

[Assessment of inhalation technique in patients with bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].

Aim: Investigate inhalation techniques using different inhalers types and their effect on the course of disease.

Materials And Methods: This cross-sectional study included 110 patients with asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease using the inhaler at least one month. Inhaler errors performed during demonstration were evaluated for each patient and entered in the check-lists.

Breathing pattern, accessory respiratory muscles work, and gas exchange evaluation for prediction of NIV failure in moderate-to-severe COVID-19-associated ARDS after deterioration of respiratory failure outside ICU: the COVID-NIV observational study.

Background: Data on the efficacy of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) after progression of respiratory failure in patients who have already received oxygen therapy, or CPAP outside ICU is limited. The study aimed to find predictors of NIV failure based on breathing pattern, gas exchange, and accessory respiratory muscles evaluation in patients who progressed to moderate-to-severe COVID-19 ARDS.

Methods: This was a prospective observational study in patients with moderate-to-severe COVID-19-ARDS on NIV (n = 80) admitted to COVID-ICU of Sechenov University.

Potential for the lung recruitment and the risk of lung overdistension during 21 days of mechanical ventilation in patients with COVID-19 after noninvasive ventilation failure: the COVID-VENT observational trial.

Background: Data on the lung respiratory mechanics and gas exchange in the time course of COVID-19-associated respiratory failure is limited. This study aimed to explore respiratory mechanics and gas exchange, the lung recruitability and risk of overdistension during the time course of mechanical ventilation.

Methods: This was a prospective observational study in critically ill mechanically ventilated patients (n = 116) with COVID-19 admitted into Intensive Care Units of Sechenov University.

[Triple combination therapy with macitentan, riociguat, and selexipag in a patient with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (functional class III)].

The article presents a clinical case of successful triple combination therapy in a female patient with functional class III idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Supplementing the previous macitentan and riociguat treatment with selexipag reduced the severity of clinical manifestations of pulmonary hypertension. Also, the treatment efficacy was demonstrated by improvement of laboratory and instrumental indexes.

Anti-IL-17 monoclonal antibodies in hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19: A pilot study.

Background: One of the main pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the severe course of COVID-19 is the hyper-inflammatory syndrome associated with progressive damage of lung tissue and multi-organ dysfunction. IL-17 has been suggested to be involved in hyper-inflammatory syndrome.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the IL-17 inhibitor netakimab in patients with severe COVID-19.

Beneficial effects of inhaled surfactant in patients with COVID-19-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Background: We have investigated the use of nebulized surfactant as a potential therapeutic option for the patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) undergoing non-invasive ventilation.

Methods: The patients were divided into 2 groups: surfactant (n = 33) and control (n = 32). The subjects in the surfactant group received the inhaled surfactant at daily dose of 150-300 mg.

[Risk factors for the early development of septic shock in patients with severe COVID-19].

Aim: In a retrospective study, we evaluated factors associated with the early development of septic shock in patients with severe COVID-19.

Materials And Methods: We collected medical records of the intensive care unit patients submitted by the local COVID-19 hospitals across Russia to the Federal Center for the Critical Care at the Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University). Septic shock in crticially ill patients requiring mechanical ventilation was defined as a need in vasopressors to maintain blood pressure.

Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator treatment for COVID-19 associated ARDS and acute cor pulmonale.

Existing literature highlights the fact that patients with COVID-19 exhibit alterations in the coagulation process and are associated with respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, including acute respiratory distress syndrome and acute cor pulmonale. In this report, we describe the effects of systemic thrombolysis on acute cor pulmonale in a patient suffering from COVID-19. We demonstrated that systemic thrombolysis successfully improved the hemodynamics of our patient and resulted in a prominent reduction in hypercapnia, alveolar dead space, and ventilatory ratio.

Noninvasive ventilation for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure in patients with COVID-19.

Aim: Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is known to reduce intubation in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF). We aimed to assess the outcomes of NIV application in COVID-19 patients with AHRF.

Materials & Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, patients with confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 and AHRF receiving NIV in general wards were recruited from two university-affiliated hospitals.

Stop COVID Cohort: An Observational Study of 3480 Patients Admitted to the Sechenov University Hospital Network in Moscow City for Suspected Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection.

Background: The epidemiology, clinical course, and outcomes of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the Russian population are unknown. Information on the differences between laboratory-confirmed and clinically diagnosed COVID-19 in real-life settings is lacking.

Methods: We extracted data from the medical records of adult patients who were consecutively admitted for suspected COVID-19 infection in Moscow between 8 April and 28 May 2020.

[Risk stratification methods and their significance in pulmonary arterial hypertension].

Despite significant advances in therapy, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) remains a progressive disease with a poor prognosis. Immediately after establishing the diagnosis of PAH, urgent treatment with PAH-specific therapy is required. Due to the progressive nature of the disease, all patients should be closely monitored and their treatment regimen should be promptly changed according to clinical need.

[Exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis].

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is usually characterized by a chronic and slowly progressive course. According to several studies, a small number of patients with IPF (about 515%) develops an acute deterioration of deasese exacerbation of IPF. Exacerbations of IPF can occur at any time of the disease and sometimes becomes the first manifestation of IPF.

[Natriuretic peptides as markers of development and prognosis of pulmonary hypertension severity in patients with chronic obstructive disease.].

Studied the diagnostic and prognostic significance of N-terminal precursor of natriuretic peptide С-type (NT-proCNP) and brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in patients with COPD with pulmonary hypertension (PH). The study included 47 patients with COPD (II - IV degrees of severity, 2016 GOLD, men - 44, women -3, mean age 59,3±9.12 years, disease duration of 13.

Combination therapy is a new standard for treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension.

At present, compelling evidence has been obtained that combined therapy of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) with specific drugs can significantly slow progression of PAH. Therefore, in current guidelines combination therapy is already considered as standard treatment for a significant proportion of patients with moderately severe and severe forms of PAH. However, the quality of life and long-term prognosis of patients receiving combination therapy, should be the object of further research.

[Not Available].

The article deals with the modern tactics of pulmonary hypertension therapy, used in case of unsatisfactory clinical response to previous therapy. All classes of pathogenetic therapy of pulmonary hypertension are presented, as well as modern views on the risk stratification of annual mortality of patients. Switching to a more effective drug both within one group of pathogenetic PAH-therapy, and to drugs of other classes is discussed.

[A patient with severe idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension: Is there a way out?].

The paper considers a clinical example of current therapy for idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension in a female patient with its clinical deterioration. It shows the tactics of switching from one drug (bosentan) to others (macitentan) within in the same pathogenetic therapy group (endothelin receptor antagonists). The latest pulmonary hypertension classification (Nice, 2013) is presented.