Publications by authors named "Tsang C"

Background: Increasing evidence suggests that insomnia plays an important role in the development of depression, supporting insomnia intervention as a promising approach to prevent depression in youth. This randomized controlled trial evaluated the effectiveness of app-based cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) in preventing future onset of major depressive disorder (MDD) in youth.

Methods And Findings: This was a randomized, assessor-blind, parallel group-controlled trial in Chinese youth (aged 15-25 years) with insomnia disorder and subclinical depressive symptoms.

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Background: There is lower female representation within academic medicine. We aimed to investigate female authorship (FA) and female-held chair or program director (PD) positions within head and neck oncology (HNO).

Methods: Articles authored by females about microvascular and reconstructive surgery (MRS) and transoral robotic surgery (TORS) were identified.

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Previous studies have reported visual motion aftereffects (MAEs) following prolonged exposure to auditory stimuli depicting motion, such as ascending or descending musical scales. The role of attention in modulating these cross-modal MAEs, however, remains unclear. The present study manipulated the level of attention directed to musical scales depicting motion and assessed subsequent changes in MAE strength.

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The genus comprises fungal species closely related to , with and being medically important. These species can cause infections in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals. The current detection methods are limited, prompting the need for rapid and specific diagnostic tools.

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Hematological cancers, such as lymphomas and leukemias, pose significant challenges in oncology, necessitating a deeper understanding of their molecular landscape to enhance therapeutic strategies. This article critically examines and discusses recent research on the roles of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in myeloma, lymphomas, and leukemias with a particular focus on pediatric acute lymphoblastic (lymphocytic) leukemia (ALL). By utilizing RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), we analyzed GPCR expression patterns in pediatric ALL samples (aged 3-12 years old), with a further focus on Class A orphan GPCRs.

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High-efficiency catalysts with refined electronic structures are highly desirable for promoting the kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and enhancing catalyst durability. This study comprehensively explores strategies involving metal doping and oxygen vacancies for enhancing the acidic OER catalytic activity of CoO. Through extensive screening of 3d and 4d transition metals using density functional theory (DFT) simulations, we demonstrate that the incorporation of metal dopants and oxygen vacancies into CoO potentially triggers a transition from the adsorbate evolution mechanism (AEM) to the lattice oxygen oxidation mechanism (LOM) in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER).

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Background: Macrolide maintenance therapy (MMT) has demonstrated notable efficacy in reducing exacerbation in patients with bronchiectasis, which is a major risk factor for cardiovascular events. However, a comprehensive assessment of the cardiovascular benefits and safety profile of MMT in this population is lacking.

Methods: This territory-wide cohort study analyzed patients diagnosed with bronchiectasis in Hong Kong between 2001 and 2018.

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Evaluating whether someone's behavior is praiseworthy or blameworthy is a fundamental human trait. A seminal study by Hamlin and colleagues in 2007 suggested that the ability to form social evaluations based on third-party interactions emerges within the first year of life: infants preferred a character who helped, over hindered, another who tried but failed to climb a hill. This sparked a new line of inquiry into the origins of social evaluations; however, replication attempts have yielded mixed results.

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Background: Although microvascular dysfunction is a widespread phenomenon in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and is recognized as a main cause of T2D-aggravated ischemic stroke injury, the underlying mechanisms by which T2D-mediated exacerbation of cerebral damage after ischemic stroke is still largely uncharacterized. Here, we found that methylglyoxal-mediated miR-148a-3p decline can trigger blood-brain barrier dysfunction, thereby exacerbating cerebrovascular injury in diabetic stroke.

Methods: Using T2D models generated with streptozotocin plus a high-fat diet or db/db mice, and then inducing focal ischemic stroke through middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO/R), we established a diabetic stroke mouse model.

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While morphological examination is the most widely used for identification in clinical laboratories, PCR-sequencing and MALDI-TOF MS are emerging technologies in more financially-competent laboratories. However, mycological expertise, molecular biologists and/or expensive equipment are needed for these. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI), especially image recognition, is being increasingly employed in medicine for fast and automated disease diagnosis.

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Background: Long COVID affects millions of people and results in a substantial decrease in quality of life. Previous primary studies and reviews attempted to study the effect of vaccination against long COVID, but these studies varied in the cut-off time of long COVID. We adhered to the WHO's definition of long COVID and conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the effect of pre-COVID and post-COVID vaccination on long COVID.

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In recent years, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have become a powerful tool in the treatment of human diseases. Currently, over 100 mAbs have received approval for therapeutic use in the US, with wide-ranging applications from cancer to infectious diseases. The predominant method of producing antibodies for therapeutics involves expression in mammalian cell lines.

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Background: Senescent cells are defined as normal cells that have undergone irreversible division arrest due to various factors. These cells have been found to play a pivotal role in aging and the development of chronic diseases. Numerous studies demonstrated that physical exercise is effective in anti-aging and anti-chronic diseases.

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Aims/hypothesis: Type 2 diabetes is a complex and heterogeneous disease and the aetiological components underlying the heterogeneity remain unclear in the Chinese and East Asian population. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether specific pathophysiological pathways drive the clinical heterogeneity in type 2 diabetes.

Methods: We employed newly developed type 2 diabetes hard-clustering and soft-clustering pathway-specific polygenic risk scores (psPRSs) to characterise individual genetic susceptibility to pathophysiological pathways implicated in type 2 diabetes in 18,217 Chinese patients from Hong Kong.

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Introduction: The risk of dementia in patients with stroke-heart syndrome (SHS) remains unexplored.

Patients And Methods: Retrospective analysis using the TriNetX network, including patients with ischaemic stroke from 2010 to 2020. These patients were categorised into two groups: those with SHS (heart failure, myocardial infarction, ventricular fibrillation, or Takotsubo cardiomyopathy within 30 days post-stroke) and those without SHS.

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Ischemic stroke is one of the major diseases causing varying degrees of dysfunction and disability worldwide. The current management of ischemic stroke poses significant challenges due to short therapeutic windows and limited efficacy, highlighting the pressing need for novel neuroprotective treatment strategies. Previous studies have shown that fingolimod (FIN) is a promising neuroprotective drug.

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L-RNA aptamers have been developed to target G-quadruplexes (G4s) and regulate G4-mediated gene expression. However, the aptamer selection process is laborious and challenging, and aptamer identification is subject to high failure rates. By analyzing the previously reported G4-binding L-RNA aptamers, we found that the stem-loop (SL) structure is favored by G4 binding.

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Article Synopsis
  • Mangrove ecosystems are facing threats from climate change and urban pollution, leading to the emergence of potentially harmful yeasts, as studied in Hong Kong's mangroves.
  • The researchers collected water and sediment samples, identifying 45 yeast isolates from 18 species, with a significant presence of pathogenic yeasts known for drug resistance.
  • The study highlights the urgent need for surveillance and collaboration among various disciplines to manage the risks posed by these pathogens, emphasizing the broader public health implications of unchecked urban development in coastal areas.
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Purpose: To evaluate the safety, efficacy, and imaging features of a novel surgical technique without endotamponade in repairing complex macular hole (MH).

Methods: Retrospective review of consecutive cases with complex MH underwent pars plana vitrectomy with temporal internal limiting membrane flap, which was stabilized using perfluorocarbon liquid and viscoelastics. At the conclusion of surgery, perfluorocarbon liquid was removed, and no endotamponade agent would be used.

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Objective: This study explored student pharmacists' perceptions and attitudes regarding artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in pharmacy practice. Due to AI/ML's promising prospects, understanding students' current awareness, comprehension, and hopes for their use in this field is essential.

Methods: In April 2024, a Zoom focus group discussion was conducted with 6 student pharmacists using a self-developed interview guide.

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Developing strategies to systematically increase the critical current, the threshold current below which the superconductivity exists, is an important goal of materials science. Here, the concept of quantum phase transition is employed to enhance the critical current of a kagome superconductor CsVSb, which exhibits a charge density wave (CDW) and superconductivity that are both affected by hydrostatic pressure. As the CDW phase is rapidly suppressed under pressure, a large enhancement in the self-field critical current (I) is recorded.

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Article Synopsis
  • Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is being used to quickly identify difficult-to-diagnose infections, like T. marneffei, especially in renal transplant patients with chronic pneumonia.
  • A case study highlighted that mNGS positively identified T. marneffei in a 37-year-old patient faster (within 1-2 days) compared to traditional fungal culture methods (6-15 days).
  • There has been a noticeable increase in T. marneffei infections among renal transplant recipients from 2021 to 2023, with a significant number of these diagnoses made using NGS, particularly in endemic areas.
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  • The study investigates the presence of an electric field in twisted-bilayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS) and its connection to local polar domains using advanced imaging techniques and computational methods.
  • It uncovers the formation of in-plane topological vortices in structured patterns at different twist angles, particularly at small angles and a 30° twist, which generates intricate chiral vortex designs.
  • The research emphasizes that manipulating the twist in 2D bilayers opens up new possibilities for controlling electric polar vortices at a very small scale.
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Article Synopsis
  • Ischaemic stroke leads to significant neuronal damage due to a lack of glucose and oxygen, causing serious disabilities and even death.
  • RNA polymerase III (Pol III) is crucial for protein synthesis in neurons, but its activity is highly affected during ischaemic stress, which impairs brain function.
  • Research indicates that Pol III plays different roles in the brain, such as protecting neurons in the acute phase of a stroke and aiding recovery later on, with the mTOR-MAF1 signaling pathway showing promise for enhancing both neuroprotection and repair.
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Objectives: Adherence to the American Diabetes Association (ADA) Standards of Medical Care is low. This study aimed to assist pharmacists in identifying patients for diabetes control interventions using unsupervised machine learning.

Methods: This study analyzed the 2021 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey and used a k-mode cluster analysis.

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