Correction: Siu et al. Hexokinase 2 Regulates Ovarian Cancer Cell Migration, Invasion and Stemness via FAK/ERK1/2/MMP9/NANOG/SOX9 Signaling Cascades. 2019, , 813.

In the original publication [...

Optic neuropathy from hypovitaminosis A in a series of children with severe dietary restrictions.

Aim: Hypovitaminosis A is a leading cause of preventable childhood blindness, especially in developing nations. Vitamin A is a fat-soluble essential micronutrient that serves vital functions in the visual system and in regulating bone resorption. We report on a series of four children with mixed nutritional and compressive optic neuropathy and provide a review of the literature.

Tinnitus update: what can be done for the ringing?

Physicians will frequently encounter patients who report tinnitus. Tinnitus is a symptom whereby there is the perception of sound or sounds in the ear or head in the absence of an external source of sound. Most individuals experiencing tinnitus will have a neutral reaction to the percept, but in a small proportion of patients, tinnitus can be a debilitating symptom.

Mandatory large-scale food fortification programmes can reduce the estimated prevalence of inadequate zinc intake by up to 50% globally.

Large-scale food fortification (LSFF) can increase dietary micronutrient intake and improve micronutrient status. Here we used food balance sheet data from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations to estimate current country-specific prevalences of inadequate zinc intake. We assessed the potential effects of improving existing LSFF programmes for cereal grains or implementing new programmes in 40 countries where zinc deficiency is a potential public health problem.

Plasma Gelsolin Inhibits Natural Killer Cell Function and Confers Chemoresistance in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer.

Plasma gelsolin (pGSN) overexpression in ovarian cancer (OVCA) disarms immune function, contributing to chemoresistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the immunoregulatory effects of pGSN expression on natural killer (NK) cell function in OVCA. OVCA tissues from primary surgeries underwent immunofluorescent staining of pGSN and the activated NK cell marker natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 1 to analyze the prognostic impact of pGSN expression and activated NK cell infiltration.

Introducing double fortified salt in social safety net programmes in Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat in India: Success factors, challenges and lessons learned.

Double fortified salt (DFS; with iron and iodine) was introduced in social safety net programmes (SSNPs) in Madhya Pradesh (MP) and Gujarat states in 2018. Nutrition International (NI) provided critical support for the intervention. An impact evaluation in MP found high DFS uptake, exceeding 90%.

Consumption of soya isoflavones improved polycystic ovary syndrome-associated metabolic disorders in a rat model.

Polycystic ovary syndrome is associated with increased risks for certain metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and suppressed ovarian follicular development. This study aimed to examine whether soya isoflavones (ISF) mitigate these polycystic ovary syndrome-associated metabolic disorders in a rat model. Weanling Sprague-Dawley female rats were randomly divided into six groups and were treated with either 0 or 83 µg/d dihydrotestosterone (DHT) to induce polycystic ovary syndrome and fed diets containing 0, 0·5, or 1 g ISF/kg diet for 8 weeks.

Managing expectations with psychedelic microdosing.

Microdosing psychedelics is a growing practice among recreational users, claimed to improve several aspects of mental health, with little supporting empirical research. In this comment, we highlight the potential role of expectations and confirmation bias underlying therapeutic effects of microdosing, and suggest future avenues of research to address this concern.

Sudden unilateral audiovestibular loss due to acute labyrinthine haemorrhage can be missed on early MRI brain sequences: case report.

Background: Labyrinthine haemorrhage is a rare vascular disorder often presenting with the triad of acute vertigo, sudden sensorineural hearing loss and tinnitus. There are minimal reports on imaging progression over the acute period.

Index Case: A woman in her mid-40s presented with acute vertigo, sudden left-sided hearing loss and tinnitus, consistent with acute unilateral audiovestibular loss.

The regulation of plasma gelsolin by DNA methylation in ovarian cancer chemo-resistance.

Background: Ovarian cancer (OVCA) is the most lethal gynecologic cancer and chemoresistance remains a major hurdle to successful therapy and survival of OVCA patients. Plasma gelsolin (pGSN) is highly expressed in chemoresistant OVCA compared with their chemosensitive counterparts, although the mechanism underlying the differential expression is not known. Also, its overexpression significantly correlates with shortened survival of OVCA patients.

The zebrafish for preclinical psilocybin research.

In this review, we discuss the possible utility of zebrafish in research on psilocybin, a psychedelic drug whose recreational use as well as possible clinical application are gaining increasing interest. First, we review behavioral tests with zebrafish, focussing on anxiety and social behavior, which have particular relevance in the context of psilocybin research. Next, we briefly consider methods of genetic manipulations with which psilocybin's phenotypical effects and underlying mechanisms may be investigated in zebrafish.

A perspective on psychedelic teratogenicity: the utility of zebrafish models.

Psychedelic drugs have experienced an unprecedented surge in recreational use within the past few years. Among recreational users, the risks of psychedelic use by pregnant and breastfeeding women are severely understudied and there is little information on the potential teratogenic effects of these drugs. We provide an overview of the previous data on psychedelic teratogenicity from rodent studies and human surveys, discuss their limitations, and propose the utility of the zebrafish as a potential effective model for investigating psychedelic teratogenicity.

Neuropeptide Y directly reduced apoptosis of granulosa cells, and the expression of NPY and its receptors in PCOS subjects.

Background: Most women with anovulatory infertility show polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), and androgen excess is known as a key factor involved in pathogenicity of PCOS. However, the mechanism of follicular developmental arrest in PCOS is not completely understood. The reproductive function of Neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the ovary during folliculogenesis was previously reported; NPY function in apoptosis and proliferation of granulosa cells (GCs) is follicular-stage dependent.

The ram cichlid (Mikrogeophagus ramirezi) learns an associative task: a new fish species for memory research.

Fish are the most species rich and evolutionarily oldest vertebrate taxon. This represents opportunities for biologists who intend to employ laboratory animals in their comparative or translational research. Yet, the overwhelming majority of such studies use a single fish species, the zebrafish, a suboptimal strategy from the comparative standpoint.

Obesity and PCOS radically alters the snRNA composition of follicular fluid extracellular vesicles.

Introduction: The ovarian follicle consists of the oocyte, somatic cells, and follicular fluid (FF). Proper signalling between these compartments is required for optimal folliculogenesis. The association between polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and extracellular vesicular small non-coding RNAs (snRNAs) signatures in follicular fluid (FF) and how this relates to adiposity is unknown.

Applications of artificial intelligence in magnetic resonance imaging of primary pediatric cancers: a scoping review and CLAIM score assessment.

Purposes: To review the uses of AI for magnetic resonance (MR) imaging assessment of primary pediatric cancer and identify common literature topics and knowledge gaps. To assess the adherence of the existing literature to the Checklist for Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging (CLAIM) guidelines.

Materials And Methods: A scoping literature search using MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane databases was performed, including studies of > 10 subjects with a mean age of < 21 years.

Evaluating the Outcomes and Trainee Performance of a Canadian Medical Imaging Clinician Investigator Program.

: To measure the research productivity of trainees from the University of Toronto's Medical Imaging Clinician Investigator Program (MI-CIP) and comparing it with the research productivity of trainees from MI-non-CIP and General Surgery (GSx) Clinician Investigator Program. : We identified residents who completed an MI-CIP, MI-non-CIP and GSx-CIP from 2006-2016. In each group of trainees, we assessed 3 research productivity outcomes with non-parametric tests before residency and at 7 years post-CIP completion/post-graduation.

The Application of an Extracellular Vesicle-Based Biosensor in Early Diagnosis and Prediction of Chemoresponsiveness in Ovarian Cancer.

Background: Ovarian cancer (OVCA) is the most fatal gynecological cancer with late diagnosis and plasma gelsolin (pGSN)-mediated chemoresistance representing the main obstacles to treatment success. Since there is no reliable approach to diagnosing patients at an early stage as well as predicting chemoresponsiveness, there is an urgent need to develop a diagnostic platform for such purposes. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are attractive biomarkers given their potential accuracy for targeting tumor sites.

Modelling accessibility of adult neurology care in Australia, 2020-2034.

Introduction: In 2015/2016, annual national expenditure on neurological conditions exceeded $A3 billion. However, a comprehensive study of the Australian neurological workforce and supply/demand dynamics has not previously been undertaken.

Methods: Current neurological workforce was defined using neurologist survey and other sources.

Granulosa cell-derived miR-379-5p regulates macrophage polarization in polycystic ovarian syndrome.

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is associated with hyperandrogenemia and ovarian antral follicle growth arrest. We have previously demonstrated that androgen-induced exosomal release of miR-379-5p (miR379) from preantral follicle granulosa cells increases the proliferation of target cells phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1) upregulation. Androgen also increases inflammatory M1 macrophage abundance, but reduces anti-inflammatory M2 polarization in rat antral and preovulatory follicles.