Large language models in periodontology: Assessing their performance in clinically relevant questions.

Statement Of Problem: Although the use of artificial intelligence (AI) seems promising and may assist dentists in clinical practice, the consequences of inaccurate or even harmful responses are paramount. Research is required to examine whether large language models (LLMs) can be used in accessing periodontal content reliably.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the evidence-based potential of answers provided by 4 LLMs to common clinical questions in the field of periodontology.

Multidimensional 3D-Printed Scaffolds and Regeneration of Intrabony Periodontal Defects: A Systematic Review.

Background: The utilization of regenerative techniques in periodontology involves tailoring tissue engineering principles to suit the oral cavity's unique environment. Advancements in computer-assisted technology, specifically utilizing cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), enabled the fabrication of 3D-printed scaffolds. The current review aims to explore whether 3D-printed scaffolds are effective in promoting osteogenesis in patients with periodontal defects.

3D-Printed Antibacterial Scaffolds for the Regeneration of Alveolar Bone in Severe Periodontitis.

Current clinical treatment of periodontitis alleviates periodontal symptoms and helps to keep the disease under control for extended periods. Despite this, a significant destruction of the tooth's underlying bone tissue often takes place progressively. Herein, we present a two-way therapeutic approach for local delivery of antibacterial agents and bone tissue regeneration, incorporating ~1% / tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) into a 3D-printed scaffold composed of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL).

Occurrence of Luteolin in the Greek Flora, Isolation of Luteolin and Its Action for the Treatment of Periodontal Diseases.

Higher plants possess the ability to synthesize a great number of compounds with many different functions, known as secondary metabolites. Polyphenols, a class of flavonoids, are secondary metabolites that play a crucial role in plant adaptation to both biotic and abiotic environments, including UV radiation, high light intensity, low/high temperatures, and attacks from pathogens, among others. One of the compounds that has received great attention over the last few years is luteolin.

A Review of the Role of Natural Products as Treatment Approaches for Xerostomia.

Xerostomia, commonly known as dry mouth, is a widespread oral health malfunction characterized by decreased salivary flow. This condition results in discomfort, impaired speech and mastication, dysphagia, heightened susceptibility to oral infections, and ultimately, a diminished oral health-related quality of life. The etiology of xerostomia is multifaceted, with primary causes encompassing the use of xerostomic medications, radiation therapy to the head and neck, and systemic diseases such as Sjögren's syndrome.

Prevalence and risk indicators of peri-implantitis: a university based cross-sectional study.

Objectives: To assess the prevalence of peri-implantitis and identify risk and protective indicators of peri-implantitis in a population that underwent implant therapy in a university dental clinic.

Method And Materials: Randomly selected patients from a postgraduate university dental clinic were invited to participate. Clinical and radiographic examinations were recorded.

Local drug delivery in the treatment of furcation defects in periodontitis: a systematic review.

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of subgingival administration of various antimicrobials and host-modulating agents in furcation defects as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) compared to SRP alone or combined with placebo.

Methods: A systematic review was carried out using MEDLINE-PubMed, Embase, and Scopus for articles up to October 2022 in addition to hand searches. All longitudinal studies that evaluated the effect of subgingival application of antimicrobial and host-modulating agents in furcation defects as adjuncts to SRP compared to SRP alone or SRP + placebo with at least 3 months of follow-up were eligible for inclusion.

Pre-restorative crown lengthening surgery: influence of restorative treatment timing on clinical outcomes-a pilot study.

Objectives: Aim of this study was to assess the influence of restorative treatment timing on the periodontal, patient and operator-reported outcomes following crown lengthening surgery (CLS).

Materials And Methods: Eighteen study participants requiring CLS were divided into two groups based on prosthetic rehabilitation timing (6 or 14 weeks postoperatively). Clinical parameters were recorded around treated and neighboring teeth before and after surgery, 6 and 14 weeks postoperatively, at prosthesis delivery, and three and six months after.

Clinical Effectiveness of Herbal Oral Care Products in Periodontitis Patients: A Systematic Review.

Background: The use of herbal products in oral cavity has shown an increased popularity and potential benefits due to their additional anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties as well as the lack of side effects related to their use.

Objective: To assess the clinical effectiveness of herbal dental products (mouthwash, dentifrice, gel) when compared to conventional products or placebo in periodontitis patients.

Material And Methods: A systematic review with 22 studies was carried out using MEDLINE/Pubmed, EMBASE and Web of Science databases in addition to hand searches.

A Review on Xerostomia and Its Various Management Strategies: The Role of Advanced Polymeric Materials in the Treatment Approaches.

The medical term xerostomia refers to the subjective sensation of oral dryness. The etiology seems to be multifactorial with the most frequently reported causes being the use of xerostomic medications, neck and head radiation, and systematic diseases (such as Sjögren's syndrome). Xerostomia is associated with an increased incidence of dental caries, oral fungal infections, and difficulties in speaking and chewing/swallowing, which ultimately affect the oral health-related quality of life.

Flapless application of enamel matrix derivative in non-surgical periodontal treatment: A systematic review.

Background And Objective: To assess the effects of the flapless application of enamel matrix derivative (EMD) in combination with non-surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT) when compared to non-surgical periodontal treatment alone in adult patients.

Material And Methods: An electronic literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, Scopus and Cochrane Library up to March 2021 complemented by a manual search. Human longitudinal studies of >5 participants and at least 3 months follow-up were eligible for inclusion in the review.

Effects of orthodontic forces on bone turnover biomarkers in peri-miniscrew crevicular fluid: A systematic review.

Objective: Peri-miniscrew crevicular fluid (PMCF) analysis of biomarkers representing bone formation or resorption could provide a non-invasive way to monitor bone turnover around miniscrews and the response to force loading. Our objective was to systematically investigate the relevant available evidence.

Materials And Methods: Search without restrictions in eight databases and hand searching until March 2020 took place.

Review of the association between periodontitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in smokers.

Both periodontitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are among the most common diseases associated with smoking. These conditions frequently present alongside comorbidities including diabetes, coronary heart disease, duodenal ulcer, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, osteoporosis and muscle atrophy. Chronic inflammation contributes to the pathology of both periodontitis and COPD, and in patients suffering from both conditions treatment of periodontitis may lead to relief from COPD symptoms as well.

PRGF as adjunct to DBB in maxillary sinus floor augmentation: histological results of a pilot split-mouth study.

Background: Various technologies of autologous blood concentrates are currently evaluated for their potential to enhance bone formation.

Aim: To report on the histological outcome of maxillary sinus floor augmentation (MSFA) with deproteinized bovine bone (DBB) in combination with chair-side prepared autologous platelet-rich growth factor (PRGF), in comparison to that with DBB alone.

Materials And Methods: Six partially edentulous patients with ≤ 3-mm residual bone height bilaterally in the posterior maxilla were subjected to MSFA with the lateral window technique, using DBB in combination with PRGF (PRGF System1 Vitoria, Spain) on one side or DBB alone on the contralateral side.

Circulating miRNAs as a marker of metastatic disease and prognostic factor in metastatic breast cancer.

Background: Circulating miRNAs (miRs) are increasingly recognized as potential biomarkers in cancer. We aimed to evaluate the differential expression of miR-23b and miR-190 which are involved in tumor dormancy, miR-21 involved in metastasis and miR-200b and miR-200c involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis, in the plasma of patients with early and metastatic breast cancer (MBC). We also aimed to identify associations of the expression levels with patient and disease characteristics and outcomes in metastatic patients treated with first-line chemotherapy.

Treatment duration and gingival inflammation in Angle's Class I malocclusion patients treated with the conventional straight-wire method and the Damon technique: a single-centre, randomised clinical trial.

Objective: To compare the duration of orthodontic treatment and Gingival Index (GI) scores in Class I malocclusion patients treated with a conventional straight-wire method (CG) or the Damon technique (DT).

Design: Two-arm, parallel, randomised clinical trial Setting: A postgraduate orthodontic clinic Participants: Patients with a balanced facial profile, a full permanent dentition and Angle's Class I malocclusion with moderate crowding.

Methods: The primary outcome was the duration of orthodontic treatment in months.

Influence of Body Mass Index and Other Periodontitis-associated Risk Factors and Risk Indicators on Periodontal Treatment Needs: A Cross-sectional Study.

Purpose: To record periodontal treatment needs in a randomised sample and evaluate the association between body mass index (BMI) and periodontal treatment needs, as well as the association between diabetes, smoking, BMI and periodontal treatment needs.

Materials And Methods: The study sample comprised 633 patients aged 18 to 85 years visiting an outpatient clinic. Body mass index (BMI) and periodontal status were recorded.

Pre-restorative crown lengthening surgery outcomes: a systematic review.

Background: Pre-restorative crown lengthening surgery (CLS) is a common periodontal procedure, for which systematic reviews are lacking. This systematic review aimed to assess outcomes of CLS performed for restorative reasons.

Methods: Databases (MEDLINE, Scopus, OpenGrey) were searched up to January 2016 for clinical/animal trials on CLS for restorative reasons with ≥6-month follow-up.

Classification of periodontal biotypes with the use of CBCT. A cross-sectional study.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between periodontal morphometric parameters and to develop a biotype classification based on the variables examined with the use of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Materials And Methods: Forty-two periodontally healthy subjects that underwent a CBCT examination as part of a different diagnostic procedure participated in the study. Measurements were performed on sectional images and included gingival thickness and labial bone plate thickness midbuccally, crown width to crown length ratio, bone crest to the CEJ distance and bone crest to the gingival margin distance midbuccally, and at the approximal aspects of 186 maxillary anterior teeth.

A Two-Domain Self-Report Measure of Periodontal Disease Has Good Accuracy for Periodontitis Screening in Dental School Outpatients.

Background: The assessment of periodontitis and treatment needs is primarily based on clinical and radiographic examinations. Albeit effective in predicting treatment needs, these examinations are costly, time-consuming, and impractical for assessing population-level needs. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate a two-domain self-report questionnaire for rapid periodontitis screening.

Prevalence of β-lactam (bla TEM) and Metronidazole (nim) Resistance Genes in the Oral Cavity of Greek Subjects.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of bla TEM and nim genes that encode resistance to β-lactams and nitroimidazoles, respectively, in the oral cavity of systemically healthy Greek subjects.

Materials And Methodology: After screening 720 potentially eligible subjects, 154 subjects were recruited for the study, including 50 periodontally healthy patients, 52 cases of gingivitis and 52 cases of chronic periodontitis. The clinical parameters were assessed with an automated probe.

Periodontal treatment needs and systemic diseases in an older population in Greece.

Background: To evaluate the relationship between systemic diseases, body mass index and periodontal treatment needs in an older population in Greece.

Material And Methods: A total of 262 older people were clinically examined about their periodontal status and medical histories were recorded using a health history questionnaire. Additionally, weight and height measurements as well as demographic data were obtained from the participants in the study.

Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the oral cavity.

Objective: To assess the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in plaque and tongue samples from systemically healthy subjects with periodontal health, gingivitis or chronic periodontitis.

Methods: After screening 720 potentially eligible subjects, 154 systemically healthy participants were ultimately enrolled in the current study. Subgingival samples were taken from the first molars and the tongue and analyzed for the presence of S.

Prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes in subjects with successful and failing dental implants. A pilot study.

Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of the bacterial genes encoding resistance to beta-lactams, tetracyclines and metronidazole respectively, in subjects with successful and failing dental implants and to assess the presence of Staphylococcus aureus and the mecA gene encoding for Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the same samples.

Materials And Methodology: The subject sample included 20 participants with clinically healthy osseointegrated implants and 20 participants with implants exhibiting peri-implantitis. Clinical parameters were assessed with an automated probe, samples were collected from the peri-implant sulcus or pocket and analyzed with Polymerase Chain Reaction for bla TEM , tetM, tetQ and nim genes, S.