A moment of autonomy support brightens adolescents' mood: Autonomy support, psychological control and adolescent affect in everyday life.

This experience sampling study examined whether autonomy-supportive and psychologically controlling interactions with parents are intertwined with adolescents' momentary affect. For 7 days (in 2020), 143 adolescents (M  = 15.82; SD  = 1.

The effect of the Flemish breast cancer screening program on breast cancer-specific mortality: A case-referent study.

Background: Breast cancer screening programs were introduced in many countries worldwide following randomized controlled trials in the 1980s showing a reduction in breast cancer-specific mortality. However, their effectiveness remains debated and estimates vary. A breast cancer screening program was introduced in 2001 in Flanders, Belgium where high levels of opportunistic screening practices are observed.

Effectiveness of Organized Mammography Screening for Different Breast Cancer Molecular Subtypes.

Background: Screening program effectiveness is generally evaluated for breast cancer (BC) as one disease and without considering the regularity of participation, while this might have an impact on detection rate.

Objectives: To evaluate the short-term effectiveness of a mammography screening program for the major molecular subtypes of invasive BC.

Methods: All women who participated in the screening program and were diagnosed with screen-detected or interval BC in Flanders were included in the study (2008-2018).

Overdiagnosis of invasive breast cancer in population-based breast cancer screening: A short- and long-term perspective.

Background: Overdiagnosis of invasive breast cancer (BC) is a contentious issue.

Objective: The aim of this paper is to estimate the overdiagnosis rate of invasive BC in an organised BC screening program and to evaluate the impact of age and follow-up time.

Methods: The micro-simulation model SiMRiSc was calibrated and validated for BC screening in Flanders, where women are screened biennially from age 50 to 69.

Irregular screening participation increases advanced stage breast cancer at diagnosis: A population-based study.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of irregular screening behaviour on the risk of advanced stage breast cancer at diagnosis in Flanders.

Methods: All women aged 50-69 who were invited to the organized breast cancer screening and diagnosed with breast cancer before age 72 from 2001 to 2018 were included. All prevalent screen and interval cancers within 2 years of a prevalent screen were excluded.

Simultaneous measurement of plasma concentrations of proinsulin and C-peptide and their ratio with a trefoil-type time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay.

Background: When the concentrations of 2 or more substances are measured separately, their molar ratios are subject to the additive imprecisions of the different assays. We hypothesized that the cumulative error for concentration ratios of peptides containing a common sequence might be minimized by measuring the peptides simultaneously with a "trefoil-type" immunoassay.

Methods: As a model of this approach, we developed a dual-label time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay (TRFIA) to simultaneously measure proinsulin, C-peptide, and the proinsulin-C-peptide ratio (PI/C).

Adiponectin levels do not predict clinical onset of type 1 diabetes in antibody-positive relatives.

Aims/hypothesis: Insulin resistance has been proposed as a risk factor for type 1 diabetes. We investigated whether adiponectin, an insulin sensitiser, can serve as an additional predictive marker for type 1 diabetes in first-degree relatives of known patients.

Methods: Adiponectin was followed in 211 persistently islet antibody-positive (Ab+) first-degree relatives of type 1 diabetic patients and in 211 age- and sex-matched persistently antibody-negative relatives, and correlated with antibody status, random proinsulin:C-peptide ratio and HLA-DQ genotype.

Identification of prediabetes in first-degree relatives at intermediate risk of type I diabetes.

Prevention trials of type I diabetes are limited by recruitment of individuals at high risk of the disease. We investigated whether demographic and biological characteristics can identify rapid progressors among first-degree relatives of known patients at intermediate (< 10%) 5-year risk. Diabetes-associated antibodies, random proinsulin : C-peptide (PI/C) ratio and HLA DQ genotype were determined (repeatedly) in 258 islet antibody-positive IA-2Antibody-negative (Abpos/IA-2Aneg) normoglycaemic first-degree relatives.

Sex- and season-dependent differences in C-peptide levels at diagnosis of immune-mediated type 1 diabetes.

Aims/hypothesis: The incidence of type 1 diabetes varies according to age, sex and season of diagnosis. We investigated whether these and other clinical, biological and anthropometric parameters were correlated with residual beta cell function in newly diagnosed patients, since it is possible that the nature of external and/or genetic disease accelerators may be (partly) reflected in the inaugural disease presentation.

Materials And Methods: The correlates of random C-peptide levels sampled shortly after diagnosis (median [interquartile range]: 3 [0-14] days) were studied by multivariate analysis in 1,883 islet-antibody-positive diabetic patients aged <40 years who were diagnosed between 1989 and 2000.

Proinsulin levels and the proinsulin:c-peptide ratio complement autoantibody measurement for predicting type 1 diabetes.

Aims/hypothesis: We investigated whether random proinsulin levels and proinsulin:C-peptide ratio (PI:C) complement immune and genetic markers for identifying relatives at high risk of type 1 diabetes.

Materials And Methods: During an initial sampling, random glycaemia, proinsulin, PI:C and HLA DQ genotype were determined in 561 non-diabetic first-degree relatives who had been positive for islet autoantibodies on one or more occasions and in 561 age- and sex-matched persistently antibody-negative relatives.

Results: During follow-up (median 62 months), 46 relatives with antibodies at entry developed type 1 diabetes.

[Early diagnosis and prevention of type 1 diabetes: role of the Belgian Diabetes Registry].

The pathological process of type 1 diabetes starts many years prior to clinical diagnosis and is often accompanied by the appearance of circulating autoantibodies directed against islet cell antigens. Once diagnosed, insulin substitution therapy cannot totally prevent the development of chronic complications of hyperglycaemia. Efficient intervention aims at preventing the development of chronic complications.

Combined positivity for HLA DQ2/DQ8 and IA-2 antibodies defines population at high risk of developing type 1 diabetes.

Aims/hypothesis: Prevention trials in first-degree relatives of type 1 diabetic patients are hampered by large interindividual differences in progression rate to diabetes. We investigated whether specific combinations of immune and genetic markers can identify subgroups with more homogeneous progression to clinical onset.

Methods: Antibodies against islet cell cytoplasm (ICA), insulin (IAA), glutamate decarboxylase (GADA) and IA-2 protein (IA-2A) were measured in 790 non-diabetic control subjects and 4,589 first-degree relatives under age 40.

IA-2 autoantibodies predict impending type I diabetes in siblings of patients.

Aims/hypothesis: Multiple islet autoantibody positivity is currently believed to best predict progression to Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. We compared its predictive value with that of positivity for a particular type of islet autoantibody, directed against the IA-2 antigen.

Methods: Autoantibodies against islet cell cytoplasm (ICA), insulin (IAA), GAD (GADA) and IA-2 (IA-2A) were measured at initial sampling in 1724 non-diabetic siblings (median age [range]:16 [0-39] years) of Type I diabetic patients with a median follow-up of 50 months.