[Clinical significance and possibilities of therapy of post-stroke depression].

Depression often complicates the course of the post-stroke period, adversely affecting the functional recovery and quality of life of patients, and is associated with an increased risk of mortality. Over the recent years, the role of inflammatory processes, genetics, white matter damage, cerebrovascular reactivity disorders, changes in the level of monoamines and cortisol, impaired neuroplasticity and glutamate neurotransmission in the pathophysiological mechanisms of post-stroke depression (PSD) is increasingly discussed. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) have shown that antidepressants are highly effective in the treatment and prevention of PSD.

[Clinical and neuropsychological features of Alzheimer's disease in the combination with cerebrovascular disease].

Aim: To study clinical/neuropsychological and neuroimaging characteristics of Alzheimer's disease in the combination with cerebrovascular disease (CVD).

Material And Methods: Ninety patients with dementia, including 35 patients with AD, 35 patients with mixed dementia (MD) and 20 patients with vascular dementia, were examined. The character of dementia was established according to NINCDS-ADRDA and NINDS-AIREN criteria.

[Validation of the Russian version of the modified Addenbrooke's cognitive examination for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis].

Aim: To evaluate the validity of the Russian version of the modified Addenbrooke's cognitive examination (ACE-m) for Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis.

Material And Methods: ACE-m and MMSE, as a comparison scale, were administered to 78 patients including 49 patients with AD and 29 healthy people.

Results And Conclusion: ACE-m demonstrated the high validity in the diagnosis of dementia in AD.

[Clinical, neuropsychological and neuroimaging features of patients with mixed dementia].

Objective. Mixed dementia (MD), characterized by a combination of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cerebrovascular disease, is one of the most common and, at the same time, poorly diagnosed forms of dementia in the elderly. The aim of our study was to investigate features of AD with its combination with cerebrovascular disease on the basis of clinical, neuropsychological and neuroimaging data.

[Neuroprotective potential of akatinol-memantine in ischemic stroke].

NMDA-mediated excitotoxicity considered as a main cause of neuronal death after stroke. Memantine is a non-competitive NMDA-receptor antagonist. This article reviews the recent results of experimental studies on the efficacy of memantine as an add-on to improve the safety of thrombolytic therapy.

[Vascular risk factors for Alzheimer's disease].

Recent studies support a role of the vascular factor in the development of not only cerebrovascular disease but also Alzheimer's disease (AD). Mechanisms of vascular risk factors involved in the pathogenesis of AD remain poorly studied so far. In a number of studies on the evaluation of the efficacy of antihypertensive drugs, statins, aspirin in patients with already developed AD, neuroprotective effect was not shown.

[To the mechanism of enhancing the activity of serum and hepatic sorbitol dehydrogenase in rats fed excess sweetener sorbitol].

One-month rats were randomized to a diet containing sorbitol (SOR) (54%), saccharose (SACCH) (54%) or that containing SOR (27%) and SACCH (27%). They were kept on the diets for 1 or 3 months. At the age of 2 and 4 months, the rats were returned to the routine diet of a vivarium.

[Energy metabolism in structures of the visual analyzer and neurons of the sympathetic ganglion after irradiation of the eye with low-intensity infrared laser radiation in the near-spectrum region].

After irradiation of one eye by low-intensive infrared laser with near spectral region within 5 and 20 min an increase in aerobic oxidation (activation of glutamate- and succinate dehydrogenases, decrease in activity of lactate dehydrogenase and in content of lactate) as well as alterations in the antioxidant activity were observed in structures of both eyes (irradiated and untreated), in visual cortex of both hemispheres and in neurocytes of upper cervical sympathetic ganglions. These results suggest that generalized metabolic reactions are developed in a body in response to laser irradiation. Mechanism of these reactions appears to involve not only the neuro-reflex pathways but it related also to the direct effect of the radiation on structures of eye and brain.

[The role of the modification of cyclic purine nucleotide molecule in the regulation of platelet acid glycosidase activity].

3'5'-cGMP activated beta-glucuronidase, beta-galactosidase, beta-glucosidase and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase in blood platelets, while 2'3'-cGMP, 3,5'-cGMP, N2O2'-dipalmitoyl and 5'-GMP did not affect the activity of these glycosidases. The guanylate cyclase system appears to be involved in activation of blood platelets glycosidases since it is well known that 3'5'-cGMP activates the thrombocyte protein kinase.