How Activity Series Governs Transformation of Metal Nanoparticles in Glasses.

It has been experimentally shown for the first time that metallic copper in glasses can play the role of a reducing agent for other metallic ions, in particular, resulting in the formation of metal nanoparticles. Silver ions have been introduced into an alkali silicate glass containing copper nanoparticles by ion exchange. This has resulted in the formation of silver nanoparticles accompanied by the disappearance of copper nanoparticles initially contained in the glass.

[Possibilities of liquid biopsy in gastric cancer].

The increasing popularity of the concept of liquid biopsy, which involves the definition of circulating tumor cells and circulating nucleic acids in the blood can significantly improve long-term results of treatment for gastric cancer due to the high sensitivity of techniques. It needs further study in relation to gastric cancer, the search for universal markers and methods.

[PREDICTION OF RISK FACTORS OF LATERAL LYMPH NODE METASTASIS IN RECTAL CANCER].

Standard methods of diagnostics haven't got a proper sensitivity and specificity concerning assessment of regional nodal involvement in case of rectal cancer. Therefore it is necessary to look for new method of diagnostics, detect risk factors and unfavorable prognosis in relation to lateral lymph node metastasis. At the same time, there should be a differentiated approach to the choice of therapeutic management in rectal cancer.

[Postoperative reflux in treatment of complicated forms of duodenal ulcer disease].

There were examined 46 patients, in whom operative treatment of perforative duodenal ulcer was conducted. Organ-preserving operations were performed in conjunction with selective proxymal or truncal vagotomy. In far-remote terms after the operation in 12 patients gastrooesophageal reflux have occurred, DeMeester index have constituted 17.

[New artificial lung respiration apparatuses for anesthesia and design of gas flow commutators].

The principles of action of new anesthetic devices and apparatuses for mechanical lung ventilation (MLV) including alternate-flow inhalation generators designed in recent time in VNIIMP-VITA, Ltd. are considered. According to the type of drive, these apparatuses fall into groups of devices with pneumatic drive (Diana) and electric drive (Elan).

[Anesthesiological systems "Polinarkon-Vita" with microprocessor for artificial lung ventilation apparatuses and monitoring].

The anesthesiological systems Polinarkon-Vita for adults and children are described. These systems were developed at VNIIMP-VITA, Ltd. on the basis of basic model of the anesthesiological system Polinarkon-E-Vita.

[Regional blood flow in stomach in duodenal ulcer disease complicated by under-compensated or decompensated gastric exit stenosis].

The state of the gastric mucosa regional blood flow and microcirculation in 148 patients with duodenal ulcer disease, complicated by sub-compensated or decompensated stenosis of gastric outlet, was studied. The lowering of indexes in various parts of stomach, along curvature minor especially, was revealed. These date substantiate the necessity of application of the organ-preserving operation with the ulcer excision and the dilating pyloroduodenoplasty performance in late stage of stenosis.

[A method for determining the tonus of the stomach wall in patients with duodenal peptic ulcer complicated by organic pyloroduodenal stenosis].

Method of gastric wall tone determination before the operation in patients with gastroduodenal ulcer disease, complicated by pyloroduodenal stenosis (PDS) was elaborated. There were examined 86 patients with sub- and 62 with decompensated PDS using method of electrogastrography and of the intragastric pressure registration--using method of the opened catheter. Three degrees of the gastric motor function disorder were delineated.

[Surgical treatment of thoracic esophageal obstruction of neoplastic genesis].

The results of operative treatment of 126 patients with esophageal cancer, localized on different level, were analysed. In 73 of them the thoracic esophagus affection was revealed. Radical operations were performed in 46 and the palliative--in 27 patients.

[Status and prospects of the development of anesthesia-respiratory equipment].

Anesthesia-respiratory equipment (ARE) mainly including assisted ventilation apparatuses, inhalation anesthesia apparatuses, as well as the monitors employed in the use of these apparatuses are and will be the lead on the market of medical equipment in Russia. Therefore it is important to consider the immediate prospects of ARE development. For each of the above three types of ARE, the paper briefly lists the current and promising applications, the sites of their use, procedures, principal quantitative requirement and design.

[Translocated gastroduodenal anastomosis in surgical treatment of penetrating duodenal ulcer].

The method of operative treatment of complicated duodenal ulcer disease consisting gastroduodenostomy, translocated by 3-4 cm medially and lower from the ulcer crater and strengthened by a spur on a small curvature side.

[Aspects of excision of the perforative duodenal ulcer complicated by penetration and stenosis].

The results of treatment of 259 patients with perforative duodenal ulcer, complicated by penetration and stenosis, were analysed. The original methods of ulcer excision are proposed. Excellent and good late follow-up result was noted in 159 (84.

[The creation and manufacture of anesthetic respiratory equipment based on a complex systems approach].

The systems complex approach is essential for designing and manufacturing anesthetic respiratory equipment due to its great medical significance, a wide range, complexity, and rigid requirements for reliability. The system in question includes the subsystem "apparatus", "patient", and "operator" in each a considerable factors considering the existing features of designing, equipping the therapeutical institutions, as well as traditions, manufacturing characteristics, potential risks, etc. The application of this approach is analyzed by using the Spiron-type artificial lung ventilation and Polynarkon-type inhalation anesthetic apparatuses as examples.

[Comprehensive systematic approach to the development of technical devices for combined anesthesia].

The paper deals with the systemic comprehensive design of hardwarses for combined anesthesia, provides the principle of operation of apparatures for inhalation anesthesia, the pattern of the designed complex, as well as the functional properties of inhalation anesthesia equipment of different generations.

[The use of ozone for treating suppurative wounds].

Pathogenetic substantiation of the use of ozone for the treatment of purulent infection in surgery is given. A technique for the use of the method and its advantages as compared to antimicrobial remedies is described. A comparative assessment of the effectiveness of the suggested and existing methods was carried out.

[Defence system of gastroduodenal mucous glands in ulcer disease].

As a result of complex investigation of the dafence mucosal barrier of gastroduodenal zone (studying of glicoproteins and immunoglobulins secretion), the acid-producing stomach function and its colonization with helicobacter pylori bacteria it was determined that side by side with infringement of polysaccharide-albuminous complexes secretion the weakening of humoral and nonspecific local immunity occurs. The infringement degree depends on severity of ulcer disease. On the background of autoimmune aggression the stress in common immunity system was noted.

[Analysis of the outcome in surgical treatment of cancer of the organs of the pancreatoduodenal region].

The surgical treatment results of the hepatopancreatoduodenal zone cancer in the clinic from 1987 till 1992 are adduced. Of 91 operated patients in 31 of them the radical or conditionally radical operations were done. The modifications of their own of conventional methods were applied.

[Combined selective proximal vagotomy in the surgical treatment of duodenal ulcer].

Preservation of adequate blood supply to a gastric wall and resistance of mucosa of the gastroduodenal region with simultaneous full-value parasympathetic denervation of its acid-producing zone in performance of selective proximal vagotomy contributes to decrease in incidence and pronouncement of ischemic disorders in motor-evacuatory function of the stomach at the early postoperative period, effective and stable reduction in acid production, shortening of duration of the postoperative treatment and rehabilitation of the patients, prophylaxis of ulcer recurrences.

[The immune protection of the gastroduodenal area after the surgical treatment of duodenal peptic ulcer].

The complex study of the indices of local immune and natural resistance in the parietal mucus of the gastroduodenal zone and general immunity in 174 patients with duodenal ulcer disease before and after surgical treatment was performed. Pronounced suppression of local immunity, presence of autoimmune processes having influence on its indices were noted. After the organ-preserving operations with an ulcer excision, the immune indices restored more rapidly than after gastric resection and vagotomy without an ulcer excision.

[Status of the protective mucous barrier of the stomach after organ-sparing operations for duodenal ulcer].

A protective mucous barrier of the stomach was studied in 153 patients with duodenal ulcer disease. Before the operation in 70 patients, decrease in concentration of protective factors of gastric mucus, especially in complicated form of ulcer disease was noted. More complete restoration of a protective barrier was noted after organ-preserving operations with excision of ulcerous substrate (in 54 patients) than after those without its excision (in 29).

[Characteristics of barbiturate adsorption on activated charcoal].

Equilibration patterns of barbiturates adsorption on activated charcoals were studied using aqueous solutions of barbital and sodium barbital and commercially available charcoals BAU, AR-3, AR-B, AR-A, SKT-6A. The rate of barbiturates adsorption was described as an additive function of concentrations of amide, ionized and non-ionized imidol forms calculated considering the reactions of dissociation and hydrolysis. Relatively low equilibrium concentrations of barbiturates in the solid phase and simultaneous sorption of the barbital anion as well as of its non-ionized form were related to the considerable rate of the substance ionization due to both tautomeric transformation and dissociation of the acid formed.