Early Experience With New Generation Deep Brain Stimulation Leads in Parkinson's Disease and Essential Tremor Patients.

Background: Newer generation deep brain stimulation (DBS) systems have recently become available in the United States. Data on real-life experience are limited. We present our initial experience incorporating newer generation DBS with Parkinson's disease (PD) and essential tremor (ET) patients.

How are transgender women acquiring HIV? Insights from phylogenetic transmission clusters in San Francisco.

Objective: We explored potential HIV transmission typologies that involve transgender women to obtain insights on sexual and needle-sharing networks as sources of HIV infection.

Design: San Francisco residents diagnosed with HIV in care at public facilities who had available viral pol sequences from June 2001 to January 2016 were included in the analysis.

Methods: Viral sequence data were matched to the San Francisco HIV/AIDS Case Registry to obtain demographic and risk classification information.

Assessment of First-Year Student Pharmacists’ Intercultural Competency Skills Using a Validated Scale and International Scenarios.

To assess first-professional year student pharmacists' level of intercultural competency using international scenarios and a validated scale. The Wesleyan Intercultural Competence Scale (WICS), a validated questionnaire, was administered to student pharmacists to self-assess their intercultural skills based on their responses to various situations that students encounter in international settings. Student pharmacists rated 16 items on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from "very inaccurate" to "very accurate.

Brain Aging and Anesthesia.

Herein, the authors review the neuroanatomical and the neurophysiological aspects of the normal aging evolution based on the recent literature and briefly describe the difference between physiological and pathological brain aging, with consideration of the currently recommended anesthesia management of older patients. The population of elderly patients is growing drastically with advances in medicine that have prolonged the life span. One of the direct consequence has been a significant increase in the request for anesthesia care for older patients despite the type of surgery (cardiac vs noncardiac and mainly orthopedic).

Pyronaridine-artesunate Efficacy and Safety in Uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum Malaria in Areas of Artemisinin-resistant Falciparum in Viet Nam (2017-2018).

Background: Multidrug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum undermines the efficacy of currently deployed antimalarial therapies in southern Viet Nam.

Methods: Between May 2017 and December 2018, this prospective, open-label, single-arm, observational clinical trial, conducted in Binh Phuoc, Dak Nong, Gia Lai, Khanh Hoa, and Ninh Thuan provinces, evaluated the safety and efficacy of oral pyronaridine-artesunate once daily for 3 consecutive days in adults and children with microscopically confirmed P. falciparum malaria.

Bivalirudin Versus Heparin During Intervention in Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Systematic Review of Randomized Trials.

Introduction: Bivalirudin and heparin are the two most commonly used anticoagulants used during Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI). The results of Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) comparing bivalirudin versus heparin monotherapy in the era of radial access are controversial, questioning the positive impact of bivalirudin on bleeding. The purpose of this systematic review is to summarize the results of RCTs comparing the efficacy and safety of bivalirudin versus heparin with or without Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors (GPI).

Ipsilateral ureteroureterostomy for ureteral duplication anomalies: predictors of adverse outcomes.

Introduction And Objective: Ipsilateral ureteroureterostomy (UU) has gained popularity for treating ureteral duplication (UD) associated with obstruction or vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). Several studies have demonstrated its high success rate and low morbidity. This study aimed to identify the predictors of adverse outcomes associated with UU.

HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis and the 'problems' of reduced condom use and sexually transmitted infections in Australia: a critical analysis from an evidence-making intervention perspective.

HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has been embraced in Australia, making PrEP available with public funding to people at risk of HIV. Here, we consider the associated 'problems' of reduced condom use and sexually transmissible infections (STIs), as seen by HIV professionals. Twenty-one interviews were conducted during May-August 2017.

CD27 Promotes CD4 Effector T Cell Survival in Response to Tissue Self-Antigen.

Signaling through CD27 plays a role in T cell activation and memory. However, it is currently unknown how this costimulatory receptor influences CD4 effector T (Teff) cells in inflamed tissues. In the current study, we used a murine model of inducible self-antigen expression in the epidermis to elucidate the functional role of CD27 on autoreactive Teff cells.

Computational structural enzymology methodologies for the study and engineering of fatty acid synthases, polyketide synthases and nonribosomal peptide synthetases.

Various computational methodologies can be applied to enzymological studies on enzymes in the fatty acid, polyketide, and non-ribosomal peptide biosynthetic pathways. These multi-domain complexes are called fatty acid synthases, polyketide synthases, and non-ribosomal peptide synthetases. These mega-synthases biosynthesize chemically diverse and complex bioactive molecules, with the intermediates being chauffeured between catalytic partners via a carrier protein.

Evaluating the Potential of L. for Parkinson's Disease Treatment Using a Model with -Knockdown.

Parkinson's disease (PD), which is characterized by the decreased motor function and the loss of dopaminergic neurons, is a common neurodegenerative disorder in elders. There have been numerous and models developed to study mechanisms of PD and screen potential drug. Recently, -knockdown model has been established and showed potential for screening antioxidants for PD treatment.

New Anchoring Mechanism and Design of an Endoluminal Duodeno-Jejunal Bypass Liner for Treatment of Obesity: a Pilot Animal Trial.

Objective: Complications of bleeding, liver abscess and movement have been associated with previous duodeno-jejunal bypass liner (DJBL) applications in the past. A new anchoring system and design of a DJBL is presented as a pilot study.

Method: A newly designed DJBL device was inserted in 2 pigs and observed over 2 months.

National Survey of Patterns Employing Targeted MRI/US Guided Prostate Biopsy in the Diagnosis and Staging of Prostate Cancer.

Background/aims: Targeted magnetic resonance imaging/ ultrasound (MRI/US) guided biopsy is an emerging technology that has the potential to change standard of care for the diagnosis and management of prostate cancer. This technology is rapidly proliferating, however quantitative analysis of these trends are unavailable. The objective of this study was to assess urologist opinions regarding implementing MRI/ US imaging into their practices.

Evaluating the learning environment of nursing students: A multisite cross-sectional study.

Background: Identifying students' experiences of the university and clinical learning environments informs quality improvement of courses.

Objectives: To investigate undergraduate nursing students' perceptions of their education environment and the facilitators and barriers to learning, during university and clinical experiences.

Design: Multi-site cross-sectional survey.

Endoscopic Endonasal Petrosectomy: Anatomical Investigation, Limitations, and Surgical Relevance.

Background: The endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) was recently added to the neurosurgical armamentarium as an alternative approach to the petrous apex (PA) region. However, the maximal extension, anatomical landmarks, and indications of this procedure remain to be established.

Objective: To investigate the limitations and suggest a classification of PA lesions for endoscopic petrosectomy.

Machine learning-powered antibiotics phenotypic drug discovery.

Identification of novel antibiotics remains a major challenge for drug discovery. The present study explores use of phenotypic readouts beyond classical antibacterial growth inhibition adopting a combined multiparametric high content screening and genomic approach. Deployment of the semi-automated bacterial phenotypic fingerprint (BPF) profiling platform in conjunction with a machine learning-powered dataset analysis, effectively allowed us to narrow down, compare and predict compound mode of action (MoA).

Spinal Cord Stimulation.

Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has been well established as a safe and effective treatment of pain derived from a wide variety of etiologies. Careful patient selection including a rigorous trial period and psychological evaluation are essential. When patients proceed to permanent implantation, various considerations should be made, such as the type of lead, type of anesthesia, and waveform patterns for SCS.

Alpha modulation during working memory encoding predicts neurocognitive impairment in ADHD.

Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with working memory (WM) deficits. However, WM is a multiprocess construct that can be impaired through several pathways, leaving the source of WM impairments in ADHD unresolved. In this study, we aim to replicate, in an independent sample, previously reported deficits in component processes of WM deficits in ADHD and expand to consider their implications for neurocognitive outcomes.

Increased uptake of early initiation of antiretroviral therapy and baseline drug resistance testing in San Francisco between 2001 and 2015.

Background: Early initiation of antiretroviral therapy (eiART) can improve clinical outcomes for persons with HIV and reduce onward transmission risk. Baseline drug resistance testing (bDRT) can inform regimen selection upon subsequent treatment initiation. We examined the uptake of eiART and bDRT within 3 months and 30 days of HIV diagnosis.

Visible light-activated degradation of natural organic matter (NOM) using zinc-bismuth oxides-graphitic carbon nitride (ZBO-CN) photocatalyst: Mechanistic insights from EEM-PARAFAC.

In this study, the complex degradation behavior of natural organic matter (NOM) was explored using photocatalytic oxidation systems with a novel catalyst based on a hybrid composite of zinc-bismuth oxides and g-CN (ZBO-CN). The photooxidation system demonstrated the effective removal of NOM under low-intensity visible light irradiation, presenting removal rates of 53-74% and 65-88% on the basis of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and the UV absorption coefficient (UV), respectively, at 1.5 g/L of the catalyst.

Paediatric use of antibiotics in children with community acquired pneumonia: A survey from Da Nang, Vietnam.

Aim: To characterise paediatricians' antibiotic-prescribing behaviour when managing community acquired pneumonia.

Methods: We conducted a knowledge and attitudes survey of paediatric doctors practicing at a regional provincial hospital in central Vietnam over a 2-week period (from 12 December 2017 to 29 December 2017).

Results: Of 79 eligible paediatric doctors, 69 (87.

Interest and experience of anaesthesiology residents in doing research during residency training.

Background And Aims: The SingHealth Anaesthesiology Residency Program is a 5-year postgraduate training programme whose curriculum covers clinical and academic training, through research and educational activities. This study aimed to describe the needs of the residents in promoting research participation during residency.

Methods: After obtaining ethics committee approval, we conducted an online anonymous survey among all residents in the Residency Program.

Proximal Branches of the Anterior Cerebral Artery: Anatomic Study and Applications to Endoscopic Endonasal Surgery.

Background: The endoscopic endonasal approach is a surgical alternative for midline anterior skull base tumors. A detailed understanding of the proximal anterior cerebral artery (ACA) branches' anatomy from an endonasal perspective is essential for avoiding vascular complications.

Objective: To evaluate, from an endonasal perspective, the anatomic variations of the ACA and its proximal branches, specifically the recurrent artery of Heubner (RAH), and the fronto-orbital (FOA) and frontopolar (FPA) arteries.

Surgical Anatomy of the Subcallosal Artery: Implications for Transcranial and Endoscopic Endonasal Surgery in the Suprachiasmatic Region.

Background: Suprachiasmatic subcallosal lesions may have an intimate relationship with the anterior communicating artery (AcomA); injury to AcomA branches can result in basal forebrain infarction and cognitive dysfunction.

Objective: To evaluate anatomic variations of the AcomA basal perforating branches, especially the subcallosal artery (ScA), for clinical implications when approaching the suprachiasmatic subcallosal region from endonasal and transcranial routes.

Methods: The origin, course, diameter, and branching pattern of the AcomA's perforating branches were studied in 33 specimens from transcranial and endonasal perspectives.

Clinical and aetiological study of hand, foot and mouth disease in southern Vietnam, 2013-2015: Inpatients and outpatients.

Background: Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) has been associated with large outbreaks among young children in the Asia-Pacific Region since 1997, including cases of severe illness and death. Severe illness is often associated with enterovirus A71 (EV-A71). Vietnam experienced a large sustained outbreak of 200000 hospitalized cases and over 200 deaths in 2011-12, the large majority occurring in southern Vietnam.