Leveraging genetic ancestry continuum information to interpolate PRS for admixed populations.

The relatively low representation of admixed populations in both discovery and fine-tuning individual-level datasets limits polygenic risk score (PRS) development and equitable clinical translation for admixed populations. Under the assumption that the most informative PRS weight for a homogeneous sample varies linearly in an ancestry continuum space, we introduce a Genetic tance-assisted PRS mbination Pipeline for erse Genetic ncestrie ( ) to interpolate a harmonized PRS for diverse, especially admixed, ancestries, leveraging multiple PRS weights fine-tuned within single-ancestry samples and genetic distance. DiscoDivas treats ancestry as a continuous variable and does not require shifting between different models when calculating PRS for different ancestries.

Dynamic Importance of Genomic and Clinical Risk for Coronary Artery Disease Over the Life Course.

Background: Earlier identification of high coronary artery disease (CAD) risk individuals may enable more effective prevention strategies. However, existing 10-year risk frameworks are ineffective at earlier identification. We sought to understand how the variable importance of genomic and clinical factors across life stages may significantly improve lifelong CAD event prediction.

Salivary cardiac troponin does not correlate with serum levels.

Introduction: Several studies suggest a potential correlation between troponin levels detected in serum and saliva. However, prior investigations have not adequately addressed the critical aspect of collecting samples upon admission, which is essential for timely troponin level determination. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between troponin levels in serum and saliva among patients admitted for chest pain evaluation.

A New Method to Measure Ocular Surface Sensitivity: Repeatability and Reproducibility of the Liquid Jet Esthesiometer.

Objectives: To assess the reliability of the liquid jet esthesiometer (LJA) for measurement of corneal sensitivity.

Methods: Two separate studies were conducted to assess intrasession repeatability (study 1) and intersession reproducibility (study 2) of corneal sensitivity measured using the LJA. Thirty participants (13 female and 17 male participants, age 23±6 years) participated in study 1 and another 30 (18 female and 12 male participants, 35±10 years) participated in study 2.

Prospective Assessment of Safety, Tolerance, and Perceptions of Awake Airway and Esophageal Dilation.

Objective: An increasing number of laryngeal and esophageal procedures are being performed as "awake" procedures (non-general anesthesia), with some under local anesthesia, including in clinic. While high tolerance and safety profiles have been reported for various laryngeal procedures, few studies directly assess tolerability of awake dilation procedures of the upper esophagus (UE) and laryngotracheal airway (LTA).

Study Design: Prospective, open-label.

Biodegradation of DDT using multi-species mixtures: From genome-mining prediction to practical assessment.

DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) is a commonly used insecticide that is recalcitrant and highly stable in the environment. Currently, DDT residue contamination, especially in agricultural soil, is still a concern in many countries, threatening human health and the environment. Among the approaches to resolve such an issue, novel biodegradation-based methods are now preferred to physicochemical methods, due to the sustainability and the effectiveness of the former.

Efficacy and safety of angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibition in heart failure patients with end-stage kidney disease on maintenance dialysis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aims: Angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) has played an increasingly important role in the management of heart failure (HF). However, the evidence on the benefits of ARNI in HF patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) undergoing dialysis is limited. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of ARNI in patients with concomitant HF and ESKD on maintenance dialysis.

Successful percutaneous coronary intervention of left main coronary artery dissection following mechanical aortic valve replacement surgery: a case report and literature review.

Background: Iatrogenic left main coronary artery (LMCA) dissection resulting from cardiac surgery is a rare complication. Its early detection is challenging and often poses a significant threat to the patient's life. However, evidence regarding the most effective management strategy for this condition remains limited at present.

Colchicine prevents accelerated atherosclerosis in TET2-mutant clonal haematopoiesis.

Background And Aims: Somatic mutations in the TET2 gene that lead to clonal haematopoiesis (CH) are associated with accelerated atherosclerosis development in mice and a higher risk of atherosclerotic disease in humans. Mechanistically, these observations have been linked to exacerbated vascular inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate whether colchicine, a widely available and inexpensive anti-inflammatory drug, prevents the accelerated atherosclerosis associated with TET2-mutant CH.

Instability of high polygenic risk classification and mitigation by integrative scoring.

Polygenic risk scores (PRS) continue to improve with novel methods and expanding genome-wide association studies. Healthcare and commercial laboratories are increasingly deploying PRS reports to patients, but it is unknown how the classification of high polygenic risk changes across individual PRS. Here, we assessed association and classification performance of cataloged PRS for three complex traits.

Initiation of Oral Endocrine Therapy and Survival Benefit Among Women with Early-Stage Breast Cancer.

Endocrine therapy (ET) is the cornerstone of systemic treatment for patients with estrogen receptor positive breast cancer, but its uptake and adherence need further improvement. This observational study assessed ET initiation and 1-year adherence and its survival benefit among female Medicare beneficiaries with early-stage breast cancer. This retrospective cohort study analyzed the linked 2011-2019 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare data.

Proteome- and Transcriptome-Wide Genetic Analysis Identifies Biological Pathways and Candidate Drug Targets for Preeclampsia.

Background: Preeclampsia is a leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. However, the current understanding of its underlying biological pathways remains limited.

Methods: In this study, we performed a cross-platform proteome- and transcriptome-wide genetic analysis aimed at evaluating the causal relevance of >2000 circulating proteins with preeclampsia, supported by data on the expression of over 15 000 genes across 36 tissues leveraging large-scale preeclampsia genetic association data from women of European ancestry.

Production, Purification, and Characterization of a Cellulase from .

Cellulases are one of the most essential natural factors for cellulose degradation and, thus, have attracted significant interest for various applications. In this study, a cellulase from TKU051 was produced, purified, and characterized. The ideal fermentation conditions for cellulase productivity were 2% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as the growth substrate, pH = 8, temperature of 31 °C, and 4 days of culturing.

Small-Cell Neuroendocrine Cervical Carcinoma Mimicking a Polyp in a 20-Year-Old Patient With a Five-Year Follow-Up: A Case Report.

Small-cell neuroendocrine cervical carcinoma (NECC) is a rare histology, and diagnosis and treatment of this condition are challenging because of its rarity, non-specific abdominopelvic symptoms, and less favorable prognosis compared to other cervical cancers. Here, we present a case of a 20-year-old patient diagnosed with small-cell NECC, defined within a cervical polyp, initially mimicking a benign lesion. Because of the difficulty in diagnosis, the patient underwent thorough diagnostics and interventions, including imaging, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry.

Quantifying the vulnerabilities of the online public square to adversarial manipulation tactics.

Social media, seen by some as the modern public square, is vulnerable to manipulation. By controlling inauthentic accounts impersonating humans, malicious actors can amplify disinformation within target communities. The consequences of such operations are difficult to evaluate due to the challenges posed by collecting data and carrying out ethical experiments that would influence online communities.

Effectiveness and Safety of Direct Oral Anticoagulants Versus Warfarin in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation and Cancer: A Target Trial Emulation from SEER-Medicare Database.

Background: Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are preferred over warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation (AFib). However, their safety and effectiveness in patients with AFib and cancer are inconclusive.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study by emulating a target trial.

Endovascular intervention with intravascular ultrasound guidance of very early dissection complication in transplant renal artery: a case report and literature review.

Background: Transplant renal artery dissection (TRAD) is a rare and serious event that can cause allograft dysfunction and eventually graft loss. Most cases are managed by operative repair. We report a case of TRAD in the early postoperative period, which was successfully managed with intravascular ultrasound-assisted endovascular intervention.

Real-World Long-Term Effectiveness of Risankizumab Among Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Psoriasis: Analysis from an International Medical Chart Review (RAPID) Study.

Introduction: Real-world data on the efficacy of risankizumab (RZB) in clinical moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis (PsO) are limited. The RAPID study assessed real-world clinical and patient-reported outcomes in RZB-treated PsO patients using data collected from dermatologists in Canada, the Czech Republic, Germany, Japan, and Poland.

Methods: This ongoing, retrospective chart review collected data from medical records of RZB-treated adults with moderate-to-severe PsO (09/2022-06/2023).

Modification of coronary artery disease clinical risk factors by coronary artery disease polygenic risk score.

Background: The extent to which the relationships between clinical risk factors and coronary artery disease (CAD) are altered by CAD polygenic risk score (PRS) is not well understood. Here, we determine whether the interactions between clinical risk factors and CAD PRS further explain risk for incident CAD.

Methods: Participants were of European ancestry from the UK Biobank without prevalent CAD.

Effect of AGTR1 A1166C genetic polymorphism on coronary artery lesions and mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

The pathogenesis and prognosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) may be influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Findings on the relationship of polymorphisms in various genes encoding the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system with coronary artery lesions and mortality in AMI patients are inconsistent. The aim of this study was to determine whether the AGTR1 A1166C genetic polymorphism affects coronary artery lesions and 1-year mortality in post-AMI patients.

Computational Methods Reveal a Series of Cyclic and Linear Lichenysins and Surfactins from the Vietnamese Marine Sediment-Derived Strain G222.

The strain G222, isolated from a Vietnamese marine sediment, was confidently identified by 16 rRNA gene sequencing. Its AcOEt crude extract was successfully analyzed using non-targeted LC-MS/MS analysis, and molecular networking, leading to a putative annotation of its chemical diversity thanks to spectral libraries from GNPS and metabolite structure prediction obtained from SIRIUS combined with the bioinformatics tool conCISE (Consensus Annotation Propagation of Elucidations). This dereplication strategy allowed the identification of an interesting cluster of a series of putative cyclic and linear lipopeptides of the lichenysin and surfactin families.

Adaptation and application of the Parent Attitudes About Childhood Vaccines survey tool in the Vietnamese language: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Parental vaccine hesitancy could lead to outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases. Although parental vaccine hesitancy exists in the Vietnamese community, no research has directly investigated this social phenomenon in Vietnam. Among the validated measures, the 15-item Parent Attitudes About Childhood Vaccines survey tool (PACV) was reliable for predicting vaccine-hesitant parents.