MicroRNA gga-miR-200a-3p modulates immune response via MAPK signaling pathway in chicken afflicted with necrotic enteritis.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that contribute to host immune response as post-transcriptional regulation. The current study investigated the biological role of the chicken (Gallus gallus) microRNA-200a-3p (gga-miR-200a-3p), using 2 necrotic enteritis (NE) afflicted genetically disparate chicken lines, 6.3 and 7.

Tracking and Predicting Depressive Symptoms of Adolescents Using Smartphone-Based Self-Reports, Parental Evaluations, and Passive Phone Sensor Data: Development and Usability Study.

Background: Depression carries significant financial, medical, and emotional burden on modern society. Various proof-of-concept studies have highlighted how apps can link dynamic mental health status changes to fluctuations in smartphone usage in adult patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the use of such apps to monitor adolescents remains a challenge.

Multimedia in improving informed consent for caesarean section: A randomised controlled trial.

Background: Multimedia modules have been used as an adjunct to improve patient knowledge and recall for various elective surgical procedures, but have been incompletely evaluated in patients undergoing caesarean section.

Aims: To compare the use of a supplementary multimedia module with written information in improving the informed consent process prior to elective caesarean section.

Materials And Methods: This was a prospective randomised controlled trial (ACTRN12616000430437).

Coactivation of Endogenous Wnt10b and Foxc2 by CRISPR Activation Enhances BMSC Osteogenesis and Promotes Calvarial Bone Regeneration.

CRISPR activation (CRISPRa) is a burgeoning technology for programmable gene activation, but its potential for tissue regeneration has yet to be fully explored. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) can differentiate into osteogenic or adipogenic pathways, which are governed by the Wnt (Wingless-related integration site) signaling cascade. To promote BMSC differentiation toward osteogenesis and improve calvarial bone healing by BMSCs, we harnessed a highly efficient hybrid baculovirus vector for gene delivery and exploited a synergistic activation mediator (SAM)-based CRISPRa system to activate Wnt10b (that triggers the canonical Wnt pathway) and forkhead c2 (Foxc2) (that elicits the noncanonical Wnt pathway) in BMSCs.

Successful Verbal Communication Using Google Translate to Facilitate Awake Intubation of a Patient With a Language Barrier: A Case Report.

Perioperative difficult airway management is one of the most challenging tasks encountered by anesthesiologists. Awake intubation is considered the gold standard in securing the anticipated difficult airway. Effective communication between the anesthesiologist and patient is vital during awake intubation.

Automatic Multi-Camera Extrinsic Parameter Calibration Based on Pedestrian Torsors.

Extrinsic camera calibration is essential for any computer vision task in a camera network. Typically, researchers place a calibration object in the scene to calibrate all the cameras in a camera network. However, when installing cameras in the field, this approach can be costly and impractical, especially when recalibration is needed.

Anorectal Crohn's Disease.

Medical treatment remains the mainstay of perianal disease management for CD; however, aggressive surgical management should be considered for severe or recurrent disease. In all cases of perianal CD, medical and surgical treatments should be used in tandem by a multidisciplinary team. Significant development has been made in the treatment of Crohn's-related fistulas, particularly minimally invasive options with recent clinical trials showing success with mesenchymal stem cell applications.

No Pain, More Gain: Reduced Postoperative Opioid Consumption with a Standardized Opioid-Sparing Multimodal Analgesia Protocol in Opioid-Tolerant Patients Undergoing Colorectal Surgery.

The utility of opioid-sparing multimodal analgesia protocols (OSMMAPs) in opioid-tolerant (OT) patients is unknown. We sought to determine the impact of a standardized OSMMAP in OT opioid-naïve (ON) patients after major colorectal surgery. Consecutive patients undergoing surgery before (January 2015-March 2017) and after OSMMAP implementation (April 2017-March 2018) were identified from a single-institution prospective colorectal surgery registry.

The benefits and implementation challenges of the first state-wide comprehensive medication for addictions program in a unified jail and prison setting.

The prevalence of opioid use disorders among people who are incarcerated is high. People who are released from incarceration are at increased risk for overdose. The current study details the first year of implementation of a state-wide medications for addiction treatment (MAT) program in a unified jail and prison setting at the Rhode Island Department of Corrections in Cranston, Rhode Island.

Pre-exposure prophylaxis awareness and interest among participants in a medications for addiction treatment program in a unified jail and prison setting in Rhode Island.

People who are incarcerated are at increased risk for HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) acquisition upon release, and one possible intervention for prevention is the use of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) upon release. The present study assessed HIV risk perceptions as well as PrEP awareness and interest among 39 people who were incarcerated and enrolled in a structured Medication for Addiction Treatment (MAT) program at the Rhode Island Department of Corrections using semi-structured, qualitative interviews. Analysis was conducted using a generalized, inductive method in NVivo 12.

Isotretinoin in the treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa: a retrospective study.

Objective: Isotretinoin has been used off-label in hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) patients with variable results, making it difficult to predict which patients with HS are likely to benefit.

Material And Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of HS patients who presented to UCLA HS clinic between August 2009 and March 2018 and collected data on their demographics, reported history of isotretinoin treatment for HS, and treatment response. A number of patient variables were analyzed between the responders and non-responders to see if any were associated with a higher likelihood of a beneficial response.

A Standardized Multimodal Analgesia Protocol Reduces Perioperative Opioid Use in Minimally Invasive Colorectal Surgery.

Background: Multimodal analgesia protocols are becoming a common part of enhanced recovery pathways after colorectal surgery. However, few protocols include a robust intraoperative component in addition to pre-operative and post-operative analgesics.

Method: A prospective cohort study was performed in an urban teaching hospital in patients undergoing minimally invasive colorectal surgery before and after implementation of a multimodal analgesia protocol consisting of pre-operative (gabapentin, acetaminophen, celecoxib), intraoperative (lidocaine and magnesium infusions, ketorolac, transversus abdominis plane block), and post-operative (gabapentin, acetaminophen, celecoxib) opioid-sparing elements.

Findings From a Trial of the Smartphone and OnLine Usage-based eValuation for Depression (SOLVD) Application: What Do Apps Really Tell Us About Patients with Depression? Concordance Between App-Generated Data and Standard Psychiatric Questionnaires for Depression and Anxiety.

Objective: Depression imposes a notable societal burden, with limited treatment success despite multiple available psychotherapy and medications choices. Potential reasons may include the heterogeneity of depression diagnoses and the presence of comorbid anxiety symptoms. Despite technological advances and the introduction of many mobile phone applications (apps) claiming to relieve depression, major gaps in knowledge still exist regarding what apps truly measure and how they correlate with psychometric questionnaires.

Mitigation of off-target toxicity in CRISPR-Cas9 screens for essential non-coding elements.

Pooled CRISPR-Cas9 screens are a powerful method for functionally characterizing regulatory elements in the non-coding genome, but off-target effects in these experiments have not been systematically evaluated. Here, we investigate Cas9, dCas9, and CRISPRi/a off-target activity in screens for essential regulatory elements. The sgRNAs with the largest effects in genome-scale screens for essential CTCF loop anchors in K562 cells were not single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) that disrupted gene expression near the on-target CTCF anchor.

MicroRNA gga-miR-10a-mediated transcriptional regulation of the immune genes in necrotic enteritis afflicted chickens.

miRNAs are involved in both adaptive and innate immune systems of host animals; and play important roles in many immune-related pathways. The systemic biological roles of gga-miR-10a-5p chicken microRNA on immune response were investigated in two necrotic enteritis (NE) induced chicken lines, Marek's disease (MD) resistant (line 6.3) and susceptible (line 7.

Characterization and functional analyses of novel chicken leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B members 4 and 5.

The inhibitory leukocyte immuno-globulin-like receptors (LILRBs) play an important role in innate immunity. Currently, no data exist regarding the role of LILRB4 and LILRB5 in the activation of immune signaling pathways in mammalian and avian species. Here, we report for the first time, the cloning and structural and functional analyses of chicken LILRB4-5 genes identified from 2 genetically disparate chicken lines.

Brief video intervention to improve attitudes throughout medications for opioid use disorder in a correctional setting.

Objectives: Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) in the criminal justice setting is an effective way to address opioid use disorder and prevent associated deaths in the community. The Rhode Island Department of Corrections (RIDOC) is the first statewide correctional system in the United States to offer comprehensive MOUD services to incarcerated individuals.However, due to stigma, eligible individuals may be reluctant to engage with MOUD.

Improved determination of Neisseria gonorrhoeae gyrase A genotype results in clinical specimens.

Background: The emergence of drug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae has prompted the development of rapid molecular assays designed to determine antimicrobial susceptibility. One common assay uses high-resolution melt analysis to target codon 91 of the gyrase A gene (gyrA) to predict N. gonorrhoeae susceptibility to ciprofloxacin.

The long-term rapid increase in incidence of adenocarcinoma of the kidney in the USA, especially among younger ages.

Background: We previously observed a rapid increase in the incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in men and women between 1935 and 1989 in the USA, using data from the Connecticut Tumor Registry. This increase appeared to be largely explained by a positive cohort effect, but no population-based study has been conducted to comprehensively examine age-period-cohort effects by histologic types for the past decade.

Methods: We calculated age-adjusted and age-specific incidence rates of the two major kidney-cancer subtypes RCC and renal urothelial carcinoma, and conducted an age-period-cohort analysis of 114 138 incident cases of kidney cancer reported between 1992 and 2014 to the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results programme.