[Efficacy of standard methods in the treatment of prolactin-secreting pituitary carcinoma].

Pituitary carcinoma (metastatic neuroendocrine tumor of the pituitary gland) is the pituitary tumor with confirmed craniospinal and/or systemic metastases. These tumors are extremely rare accounting for only 0.1% to 0.

[Aggressive pituitary tumors and carcinomas: modern classification, advances and prospects in treatment].

Despite slow growth of most pituitary tumors and high rates of total resection and/or effective therapy, pituitary neoplasms are characterized by aggressive behavior with high growth rate, frequent relapses and resistance to standard treatments in 10% of cases. In modern WHO classifications of tumors of the central nervous system, endocrine and neuroendocrine tumors, the authors propose the definition «pituitary neuroendocrine tumor» instead of previous «pituitary adenoma» and «metastasizing pituitary neuroendocrine tumor» instead of «pituitary carcinoma». Currently, there are no effective prognostic markers of aggressive tumors.

Hypofractionated stereotactic irradiation for optic nerve glioma.

Unlabelled: Optic nerve glioma is a rather rare tumor. It predominantly arises in pediatric patients, including those with type I neurofibromatosis. This neoplasm is accompanied by decreased visual function and exophthalmos.

[Hypothalamic hamartoma microsurgical resection using transcallosal transforaminal approach].

Objective: Transcallosal transseptal interforniceal approach is recognized as the most appropriate route to resect sessile hypothalamic hamartomas but individuals with obliterated cavum septi pellucidi may pose difficulties to access these lesions safely.

Material And Methods: Six patients aged 8-34 years (med - 15.5) with the rather small (medial volume - 1.

[Changes in treatment paradigm for neurosurgical patients in the era of stereotactic irradiation. By the 15th anniversary of the Neuroradiosurgery in Russia].

Introduction: Stereotactic method and new irradiation techniques ensured radiosurgical treatment with high precision and conformity and significantly expanded the indications for stereotactic irradiation in neurosurgery.

Material And Methods: Over 15-year period, 29 976 patients underwent irradiation in various modes of fractionation on linear accelerators and Gamma Knife system at the first national radiosurgery center.

Results: Stereotactic radiotherapy and radiosurgery are followed by minimal number of complications and side reactions.

[Lesion of optic nerves and chiasm following bifocal germinoma recurrence].

The authors report a patient with recurrent bifocal germinoma of the optical nerves and chiasm after previous combined treatment. The tumor resulted progressive visual acuity loss despite subsequent therapy (glucocorticoid therapy, chemo- and radiotherapy). Differential diagnosis between tumor progression and consequences of radiotherapy was complicated by MRI negative pattern.

CyberKnife for the management of Cushing's disease: our institutional experience and review of literature.

Introduction: Surgery is the primary treatment for Cushing's disease(CD). In cases with no biochemical remission after surgical resection or when recurrence occurs after a period of remission stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is used as alternative/adjuvant treatment. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the effectiveness of SRS and FSRS(Fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery) for the treatment of CD in a long term follow up.

[Stereotactic irradiation in the complex treatment of patients with intracranial pilocytic astrocytoma].

Complex management of patients with intracranial pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) consists of surgical treatment, drug therapy (mainly in young children) and radiotherapy. For many years, radiotherapy (RT) has been a standard for residual tumors, recurrence or continued growth of PA. Currently, stereotactic radiosurgery and radiotherapy are preferred for PA, because these procedures are characterized by high conformity and selectivity, precise irradiation of tumor with minimal damage to surrounding intact tissues.

[Treatment outcomes in patients with central nervous system germinoma (neuro-ophthalmic aspects)].

Objective: The analyze the neuro-ophthalmic outcomes in patients with pineal and suprasellar germinoma after complex treatment.

Material And Methods: There were 125 patients (88 males, 37 females) with primary CNS germinoma for the period 2008-2017. All patients were divided into 3 groups depending on the tumor localization: pineal area - 62 patients, suprasellar neoplasm - 38 patients, bifocal germinoma - 25 patients.

[Pseudoprogression of intracranial pilocytic astrocytomas and other low-grade gliomas. Literature review and case report].

Tumor pseudoprogression is characterized by temporary tumor enlargement following radiotherapy with subsequent stabilization or regression without additional treatment. This phenomenon has been comprehensively described in patients with malignant gliomas. However, this phenomenon has not been sufficiently studied in patients with low-grade gliomas including pilocytic astrocytomas.

[Glioblastomas in patients with medulloblastomas after combined treatment].

Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common brain malignancy in children occurring in the posterior cranial fossa. This tumor is characterized by high risk of metastasis along the CSF pathways. Significant progress in research of this tumor and appropriate treatment is associated with determining the various molecular categories of primary medulloblastomas.

Modern Methods of Stereotactic Radiosurgery and Radiotherapy for the Treatment of Cushing Disease.

Cushing's disease is caused by a pituitary tumor causing increased production of adrenocorticotropic hormone, which leads to chronic hypersecretion of cortisol through adrenal cortices. Endoscopic trans-sphenoidal adenomectomy is the first choice of treatment with greatest efficiency for the treatment of the disease. However, in the absence of remission or recurrence of hypercortisolism after neurosurgical resection (adenomectomy), as well as in cases when surgical intervention cannot be carried due to medical contraindications to surgical intervention, radiation treatment is used as an alternative or adjoining therapy.

[Use of chemotherapy in the treatment of aggresive pituitary adenomas].

To clarify the concept of 'aggressive pituitary adenoma' using analysis of the current concepts, as well as to determine the optimal treatment algorithm for this disease and the place of chemotherapy in this treatment. Pituitary adenomas comprise from 10 to 15% of intracranial neoplasms. Despite the fact that pituitary adenomas are benign neoplasms, in 25-55% of cases they demonstrate invasive growth, growing into the surrounding structures (sphenoid sinus, cavernous sinus, etc.

Treatment of Pediatric Glioblastoma with Combination Olaparib and Temozolomide Demonstrates 2-Year Durable Response.

For pediatric patients with high-grade gliomas, standard-of-care treatment includes surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy; however, most patients ultimately succumb to their disease. With advances in genomic characterization of pediatric high-grade gliomas, the use of targeted therapies in combination with current treatment modalities offer the potential to improve survival in this patient population. In this report, we present the case of a 3-year-old girl with glioblastoma who continues to experience an exceptional and durable response (>2 years) to the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor olaparib.

Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Approach in Treatment of Germinomas of the Chiasmosellar Region.

Introduction: Germinogenic central nervous system (CNS) tumors represent a heterogeneous group of tumors, constituting approximately 0.4% of all primary brain tumors. Removal of the tumor has no prognostic value.

[Correct use of Kreatech DNA probes to detect MYC gene amplification in medulloblastomas by fluorescence in situ hybridization].

Unlabelled: In most cases, oncogene amplification are prognostic and predictive markers for various tumors, therefore DNA probes are unable to reveal changes in the copy numbers should not be used to diagnose malignant tumors.

Objective: To comparatively analyze DNA probes from different manufacturers to detect MYC gene amplification in routine practice.

Material And Methods: The study material was formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded medulloblastoma fragments from 4 patients, with discrepancies in the results in the detection of MYC gene amplification.

[Transient enlargement of craniopharyngioma cysts after stereotactic radiotherapy and radiosurgery].

Unlabelled: Stereotactic radiotherapy/radiosurgery (RT/ES) is an effective technique for treating craniopharyngiomas (CPs). However, enlargement of the cystic part of the tumor occurs in some cases after irradiation. The enlargement may be transient and not require treatment or be a true relapse requiring treatment.

[Radiotherapy and radiosurgery in treatment of craniopharyngiomas].

Craniopharyngiomas are benign epithelial tumors having a dysembryogenetic origin, which are usually located in the sellar/parasellar and/or third ventricle regions. Gross total resection is the modern standard of treatment for these tumors because of a low recurrence rate. However, this surgery in some patients with craniopharyngioma often leads to the development or worsening of diencephalic disorders poorly responding to treatment.

Pilocytic Astrocytoma Enlargement Following Irradiation: Relapse or Pseudoprogression?

Pilocytic astrocytomas are the most common gliomas (World Health Organization (WHO) grade 1) in children. According to many authors, stereotactic irradiation (radiotherapy and radiosurgery) is an effective method that provides a prolonged, recurrence-free survival in patients who have had partial tumor removal or in patients with an unresectable tumor. We present a case of a patient with midbrain pilocytic astrocytoma that enlarged considerably in the first six months after irradiation and then diminished in size during the next six months without any antitumor treatment.

Overall survival and intracranial relapse in patients with brain metastases after gamma knife radiosurgery alone.

Unlabelled: The study purpose was to evaluate the impact of gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) alone on the overall survival and rate of intracranial recurrences in brain metastasis patients.

Material And Methods: Treatment outcomes in 502 patients (211 males and 291 females with 2782 brain metastases (BMs)) were retrospectively reviewed. Most patients (n=142; 28.

Basal ganglia germinomas in children. Four clinical cases and a literature review.

Unlabelled: Basal ganglia germinomas are a specific group of intracranial germinomas. Their early diagnosis is complicated due to their atypical localization and diversity of neuroimaging and clinical signs.

Material And Methods: We describe 4 cases of basal ganglia germinoma in boys of 13, 14, 15, and 16 years of age.

Growing teratoma syndrome in a patient with intracranial germ cell tumor.

A six-year-old patient with non-germinomatous germ cell tumor of the chiasmatic-sellar area developed polyuria and polydipsia as the first symptoms of the disease. Then there were signs of precocious puberty and vision impairment. MRI examination revealed a shiasmatic sellar tumor and occlusive hydrocephalus.

Thyrotropin-secreting pituitary adenoma in an 11-year-old boy with type 1 autoimmune polyglandular syndrome.

Thyrotropinomas (TSHomas) are rare pituitary adenomas, particularly in childhood. We present here the case of an 11-year-old boy with type 1 autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (APS1) and TSHoma which was diagnosed by elevated thyroid - stimulating hormone and thyroid hormones levels without evident clinical signs of hyperthyroidism. He was underwent partial resection of the tumor via transsphenoidal approach and subsequently radiation therapy.