Evaluating Long-Term Outcomes of a High School-Based Impaired and Distracted Driving Prevention Program.

Motor vehicle crashes are one of the leading causes of death among teenagers. Many of these deaths are due to preventable causes, including impaired and distracted driving. You Drink, You Drive, You Lose (YDYDYL) is a prevention program to educate high school students about the consequences of impaired and distracted driving.

Subantimicrobial dose doxycycline enhances the efficacy of scaling and root planing in chronic periodontitis: a multicenter trial.

Background: Previous studies have shown that subantimicrobial dose doxycycline (SDD) is of clinical benefit in the treatment of chronic periodontitis (CP). The aim of this study was to further assess the role of SDD as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) in the treatment of CP.

Methods: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter clinical study was conducted to test the efficacy of SDD (20 mg doxycycline B.

Regulation of oral chemotherapeutic products in the United States.

Although many countries have well-established mechanisms for regulation of drugs dispensed by prescription order, far less attention has been directed to control of drugs sold "over-the-counter" (OTC). Since most oral chemotherapeutic agents are OTC preparations, these drugs frequently escape critical review of their safety and efficacy by regulatory agencies. Although widespread use of these OTC preparations indicates that they are generally safe, their effectiveness is not established.

New bone resorption stimulation factor elaborated by a human osteosarcoma cell line.

The FM-2 cell line is a cloned, immortalized cell line derived from a human osteosarcoma. Conditioned medium from FM-2 cultures contains a factor which stimulates calcium mobilization from fetal rat bone organ cultures. Treated bones contain increased numbers of osteoclasts and decreased bone matrix.

Biological activities of Eikenella corrodens outer membrane and lipopolysaccharide.

Highly purified preparations of the outer membrane and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Eikenella corrodens strain ATCC 23834 and the outer membrane fraction (OMF) of strain 470 were tested in in vitro biological assays. The OMFs of both strains were found to be mitogenic for BDF and C3H/HeJ murine splenocytes. The E.

Monocyte-mediated bone resorption involves release of nondialyzable substances in addition to prostaglandin.

Human monocytes were stimulated by lectins to release prostaglandin and other factor(s) that induce bone resorption in vitro. High concentrations of indomethacin failed to inhibit production by stimulated monocytes of most of the bone-resorbing activity. This activity was retained in culture supernatants after extensive dialysis.

The cell wall-associated levansucrase of Actinomyces viscosus.

Actinomyces viscosus produces both a soluble extracellular levansucrase and a cell wall-associated levansucrase. The enzyme from cell walls was solubilized by lysozyme digestion. The soluble extracellular and cell wall-associated forms of the enzyme were compared and appeared to be identical, based on molecular weight estimations, kinetic parameters, and reactions with antisera.

Production of osteoclast-activating factor by normal human peripheral blood rosetting and nonrosetting lymphocytes.

This study has tested the ability of human mononuclear cells and the subpopulations of lymphocytes that rosette (E-RFC) or do not rosette (non-E-RFC) with sheep red blood cells to synthesize DNA and to produce a mediator with bone resorbing activity (osteoclast-activating factor, OAF) in response to stimulation with phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Mononuclear cells were stimulated by PHA both to synthesize DNA and to produce a factor that caused bone resorption. E-RFC enriched for T lymphocytes and depleted of macrophages synthesized considerable DNA in response to stimulation with PHA, but were unable to produce significant bone resorbing activity in tissue culture unless macrophages were re-added to the E-RFC.

Bone resorbing activity of vitamin D metabolites and congeners in vitro: influence of hydroxyl substituents in the A ring.

The vitamin D3 derivatives, 1alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3; 1alpha-hydroxy-3-deoxyvitamin D3; 5,6-trans-vitamin D3; and 5,6-trans-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 were tested for bone resorbing activity in vitro. 1alpha-Hydroxy-3-deoxyvitamin D3 and 5,6-trans-vitamin D3 were inactive at concentrations as high as 10(-6)M. 1alpha-Hydroxyvitamin D3 had significant effects on mineral and matrix resorption at concentrations of 2.

Effect of osteoclast activating factor from human leukocytes on bone metabolism.

The effects of osteoclast activating factor (OAF) released by normal human peripheral blood leukocytes cultured with phytohemagglutinin have been examined in organ culture. Like parathyroid hormone (PTH), OAF causes a rapid increased in the release of previously incorporated 45Ca from fetal rat bone after brief or continuous exposure; the bones also lose stable calcium and collagen content. The resorption response to OAF also resembles that of PTH in having a steep dose response curve and being only transiently inhibited by calcitonin and partially inhibited by increasing medium phosphate concentration.

Release of osteoclast activating factor by normal human peripheral blood leukocytes.

A reliable method for obtaining osteoclast activating factor (OAF) in the culture medium of phytohemagglutinin-activated peripheral blood leukocytes is described. OAF was detected by its ability to stimulate resorption of fetal rat bone in organ culture. Most bone resorbing activity was released by activated leukocytes during the first 24 hours of culture, well before -3H-thymidine incorporation was increased.

Partial purification of osteoclast-activating factor from phytohemagglutinin-stimulated human leukocytes.

Osteoclast-activating factor (OAF) is a soluble mediator found in supernates of human peripheral leukocytes which have been cultured with antigens or phytomitogens. OAF is a potent stimulator of osteoclastic resorption of fetal bone in organ culture. The present studies were designed to characterize OAF chemically.

1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol: a potent stimulator of bone resorption in tissue culture.

1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol (DHCC), isolated from kidney homogenates incubated with 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (HCC), stimulated the release of previously incorporated (45)45Ca from fetal rat bones in organ culture, at concentrations of 10(-10) to 10(-8)M. The dose response curves for 1,25-DHCC and 25-HCC, the parent compound, are parallel, but 1,25-DHCC is about 100 times as potent on a weight basis. Brief exposure to maximum doses of either agent leads to prolonged bone resorption.

25-Hydroxycholecalciferol: stimulation of bone resorption in tissue culture.

25-Hydroxycholecalciferol stimulates release of previously incorporated calcium-45 from fetal rat bones in doses of 0.9 to 27 units per milliliter. This effect cannot be produced by much larger doses of vitamin D(3).