Amphoteric β-cyclodextrin coated iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles: new insights into synthesis and application in MRI.

This work presents a group of high-quality hydrophilic and negatively charged coated, iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) that have been prepared using a microwave-ultrasound-assisted protocol, and demonstrates the great impact that the synthetic strategy has on the resulting MNPs. The different coatings tested, including citric acid, carboxymethyl dextran and β-cyclodextrin (βCD)/citric acid have been compared and have shown good dispersibility and stability. The ability of βCD to maintain the inclusive properties of the coated MNPs has been proven as well as their cytocompatibility.

Copper-Catalyzed Continuous-Flow Transfer Hydrogenation of Nitroarenes to Anilines: A Scalable and Reliable Protocol.

A robust supported catalyst that is made up of copper nanoparticles on Celite has been successfully prepared for the selective transfer hydrogenation of aromatic nitrobenzenes to anilines under continuous flow. The method is efficient and environmentally benign thanks to the absence of hydrogen gas and precious metals. Long-term stability studies show that the catalytic system is able to achieve very high nitrobenzene conversion (>99%) when working for up to 145 h.

Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Neogliptin, a Novel 2-Azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-Based Inhibitor of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4).

Compounds that contain (R)-3-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butanoic acid substituted with bicyclic amino moiety (2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane) were designed using molecular modelling methods, synthesised, and found to be potent DPP-4 (dipeptidyl peptidase-4) inhibitors.

Feeding Characteristics of Deep-Sea Acorn Worm (Hemichordata, Enteropneusta, Torquaratoridae) from the Bering Sea.

Deep-sea hemichordates Torquaratoridae gen. sp. reach high abundance up to 12 spec.

TGATG vector: a new expression system for cloned foreign genes in Escherichia coli cells.

A TGATG vector system was developed that allows for the construction of hybrid operons with partially overlapping genes, employing the effects of translational coupling to optimize expression of cloned cistrons in Escherichia coli. In this vector system (plasmid pPR-TGATG-1), the coding region of a foreign gene is attached to the ATG codon situated on the vector, to form the hybrid operon transcribed from the phage lambda PR promoter. The cloned gene is the distal cistron of this hybrid operon ('overlappon').

[Effectiveness of expression of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene controlled by foreign regulatory regions in Escherichia coli. III. Relative effectiveness of cloned promoters of Escherichia coli and coliphages].

The study on the rate of initiation of model gene cat transcription under the control of E. coli (Plac UV5, Ptrp, Pcat, Ptac), phage lambda (PL, PR), phi X174 (PD) promotors was carried out by means of hybridization of pulse labelled in vivo mRNA with the DNA coding parts. The presence of gene bla(Apr) with its own constitutive promoter in all the recombinants permitted to use the level of appropriate mRNA in the cell as an internal standard.

[Creation of artificial hybrid operons with partially overlapping genes to achieve an expression of heterologous genes in Escherichia coli cells].

A new method of optimization of foreign gene expression in E. coli, based on the construction of hybrid operons with partially overlapping genes is described. The partial overlapping of the translation termination and initiation sites in the formed operon must provide translational coupling of appropriate gene product synthesis.

[Effectiveness of translation coupling in hybrid operons].

The possibility of creating artificial overlappons was studied on the model of two genes, that coding for the N-terminal part of lambda cro protein and the cat of E. coli. To test the dependence of translational coupling efficiency on the intercistronic region a series of recombinant DNA molecules carrying different hybrid operons with partially overlapping genes was constructed.

[Optimization of the gene expression for human alpha F- and beta 1-interferons in Escherichia coli cells].

The basic results of the studies on expression of the genes of human alpha F- and beta 1-interferons in E. coli cells are presented. To synthesize the fibroblast interferon, the respective fragment of the human chromosome was cloned, the complete nucleotide sequence of the structural moiety of mature beta-interferon was determined and the genes of "hybrid (interferon-like) proteins" and "hybrid sites of ribosome binding" were constructed with control of the beta-interferon gene by the prokaryotic regulatory areas.

[Effectiveness of expression of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene controlled by foreign regulator regions in Escherichia coli cells. II. Molecular cloning of promoters].

The trpOP, lacUV5, tacOP, PR and PL-promotors were cloned in the previously obtained pML4 vector plasmid. The expression of structural gene cat was studied by the chloramphenicolacetyltransferase determination in cell extracts. The level of protein synthesis by appropriate recombinant plasmids was analysed in vivo and in vitro.

[Expression of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene is under control of various promoters of E. coli and phage lambda].

Plasmids have been constructed with the structural region of the cat gene being under the control of the lactose (lacUV5), tryptophane (trpOP), operons of Escherichia coli, the hybrid trp-lac (tac) promoter and early bacteriophage lambda promoters (PL, PR and PLIT). The expression of chloramphenicolacetyltransferase gene in Escherichia coli cells harbouring such recombinant plasmids and pBR325 as well has been examined by determining the chloramphenicol resistance and studying the enzyme activity of Cm-acetylase. A high level of enzyme synthesis is connected with transcription from PL, PR and tac promoters.

[Effectiveness of expression of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene controlled by foreign regulatory regions in Escherichia coli cells. I. Construction of vectors for the cloning of transcription regulatory elements].

New plasmids pML2.1 and pML4 were constructed for cloning the transcription regulatory regions. In the pML2.