Social-Psychological Context Moderates Incentives to Co-produce: Evidence from a Large-Scale Survey Experiment on Park Upkeep in an Urban Setting.

This paper presents evidence that the relevance of incentives to co-produce depends on the social-psychological context under which actors operate. We propose that context (including community attachment, trust in local authorities, ethnic diversity, unemployment level, and population density) moderates effect of incentives (utility of the co-produced service, monetary and reputational rewards, and social norms). Through a survey experiment carried out in 593 urban locations across 13 countries, we show that willingness to co-produce increases with community attachment and decreases with ethnic diversity of the local area.