Hypertension Self-Management Among African American Adults.

Unlabelled: Hypertension disproportionately affects African Americans, and adequate blood pressure (BP) control remains a challenge. Self-management of hypertension is critical for improving BP control and reducing hypertension-related morbidities.

Objectives: The objective of this study is to describe hypertension self-management (HTN-SM) behaviors and the relationship between HTN-SM and self-reported BP in middle- to older-aged African American adults.

Community engagement strategies for population health research with culturally diverse adults.

The purpose of this report is to describe the community engagement research (CEnR) strategies used to implement the (FSRAS), a tri-institutional research project conducted during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic. We describe the CEnR strategies used to enroll adults aged ≥ 25 years old self-identifying as African American (AA), Caribbean (CN), or Hispanic/Latinx (H/L) into FSRAS health research studies. The second goal is to report the number of AA, CN, and H/L adults involved in FSRAS and discuss the implications of CEnR strategies used throughout this research.

Intergenerational Influence of African American, Caribbean and Hispanic/Latino Adults Regarding Decision to Participate in Health-Related Research.

Identifying effective strategies to enroll African American, Caribbean, and Hispanic/Latino adults ≥65 years of age in health research is a public health priority. This study aimed to explore intergenerational influence (IGI) among these populations living throughout Florida. African American, Caribbean, and Hispanic/Latino adults ≥65 years of age and a trusted family member/friend between 25-64 years participated in virtual listening sessions (LS).

Willingness of Older Adults From Culturally Diverse Populations to Participate in COVID-19 Related Treatment Trials and Associated Factors.

This survey study aimed to assess the willingness of culturally diverse older adults to participate in COVID-19 research. The majority of the 276 participants were women (81%,  = 223) and Black/African American (62%,  = 172) or White Hispanic (20%,  = 56). A key finding from the survey was less than 1 of 10 respondents would be likely to participate in COVID-19 related research if given the opportunity.

Glucometabolic State Transitions: The Jackson Heart Study.

Background: Diabetes and prediabetes are common among African Americans (AA), but the frequency and predictors of transition between normal, impaired glucose metabolism, and diabetes are not well-described. The aim of this study was to examine glucometabolic transitions and their association with the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: AA participants of the Jackson Heart Study who attended baseline exam (2000-2004) and at least one of two subsequent exams (2005-2008 and 2009-2013, ~8 years) were classified according to glycemic status.

Dietary Interventions to Treat Type 2 Diabetes in Adults with a Goal of Remission: An Expert Consensus Statement from the American College of Lifestyle Medicine.

Objective: The objective of this Expert Consensus Statement is to assist clinicians in achieving remission of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in adults using diet as a primary intervention. Evidence-informed statements agreed upon by a multi-disciplinary panel of expert healthcare professionals were used.

Methods: Panel members with expertise in diabetes treatment, research, and remission followed an established methodology for developing consensus statements using a modified Delphi process.

Review and Implications of Intergenerational Communication and Social Support in Chronic Disease Care and Participation in Health Research of Low-Income, Minority Older Adults in the United States.

Health disparities disproportionally affect Black and Hispanic older US adults. Health research is needed to understand and eliminate these disparities; however, older adults, and particularly Black and Hispanic/Latino older adults are underrepresented in health research. Adult children have influenced health behavior and health outcomes of their older parents in several demographics in the US.

Effects of Exercise and Diet on Body Composition and Physical Function in Older Hispanics with Type 2 Diabetes.

Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (DM2) affects 9.3% of the U.S.

Factors Associated with Self-Reported Hypertension Among Black Women.

A Black woman has an 85.7% chance of developing hypertension in her lifetime, yet she is less likely to be optimally treated. The purpose of this research report is to describe the factors associated with self-reported hypertension in a sample of Black women.

Measurement of Blood Pressure in Humans: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.

The accurate measurement of blood pressure (BP) is essential for the diagnosis and management of hypertension. This article provides an updated American Heart Association scientific statement on BP measurement in humans. In the office setting, many oscillometric devices have been validated that allow accurate BP measurement while reducing human errors associated with the auscultatory approach.

Assessing the predictive accuracy of oral glucose effectiveness index using a calibration model.

Purpose: Current reference methods for measuring glucose effectiveness (GE) are the somatostatin pancreatic glucose clamp and minimal model analysis of frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (FSIVGTT), both of which are laborious and not feasible in large epidemiological studies. Consequently, surrogate indices derived from an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) to measure GE (oGE) have been proposed and used in many studies. However, the predictive accuracy of these surrogates has not been formally validated.

Pathogenic Mechanisms of Prediabetes in Obese vs. Very Obese African American Women: Implications for Diabetes Prevention.

Background: The influence of obesity on the development of prediabetes among African American women (AAW) remains uncertain. Thus, we investigated whether the pathogenic mechanisms of prediabetes differ in obese (OB, BMI<35 kg/m) and very obese (VOB, BMI>35 kg/m) AAW.

Subjects/methods: We recruited 26-OB and 41-VOB, AAW with prediabetes, mean age (46.

The Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in African-American Women: Emerging Trends and Implications.

The Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is recognized as a predictor of cardiovascular outcomes and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The MetS is a constellation of clinical and metabolic risk factors that include abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance, and hypertension. There are ethnic and racial differences in the prevalence of MetS and its components.

Disparities in Cardiovascular Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Risk Factors in Blacks and Whites: Dissecting Racial Paradox of Metabolic Syndrome.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain as the leading cause of mortality in the western world and have become a major health threat for developing countries. There are several risk factors that account for the CVD and the associated mortality. These include genetics, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), obesity, physical inactivity, hypertension, and abnormal lipids and lipoproteins.

Integrated sudomotor axon reflex sweat stimulation for continuous sweat analyte analysis with individuals at rest.

Eccrine sweat has rapidly emerged as a non-invasive, ergonomic, and rich source of chemical analytes with numerous technological demonstrations now showing the ability for continuous electrochemical sensing. However, beyond active perspirers (athletes, workers, etc.), continuous sweat access in individuals at rest has hindered the advancement of both sweat sensing science and technology.

Ethnic differences in glucose effectiveness and disposition index in overweight/obese African American and white women with prediabetes: A study of compensatory mechanisms.

Objective: Prediabetes, a major precursor of type 2 diabetes, varies among ethnic populations. Therefore, we compared the pathophysiologic mechanisms of prediabetes in overweight/obese African American (AA) and White American (WA) women.

Subjects And Methods: We recruited 95 women (67 AA, 28 WA) with prediabetes.

Ethnic differences in serum lipids and lipoproteins in overweight/obese African-American and white American women with pre-diabetes: significance of NMR-derived lipoprotein particle concentrations and sizes.

Objective: African-American women (AAW) suffer disproportionately from higher rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality compared with white American women (WAW), despite favorable lipid and lipoprotein profile. Therefore, we used nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to examine lipoprotein particle concentrations and sizes in overweight/obese AAW and WAW with pre-diabetes.

Participants And Methods: We studied 69 AAW and 41 WAW, with mean age 46.

Racial Disparities in the Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes and its Subtypes in the African Diaspora: A New Paradigm.

The global epidemic of diabetes has extended to the developing countries including Sub-Sahara Africa. In this context, blacks with type 2 diabetes in the African Diaspora continue to manifest 1.5-2 times higher prevalent rates than in their white counterparts.

Mathematical analysis of a model for glucose regulation.

Diabetes affects millions of Americans, and the correct identification of individuals afflicted with this disease, especially of those in early stages or in progression towards diabetes, remains an active area of research. The minimal model is a simplified mathematical construct for understanding glucose-insulin interactions. Developed by Bergman, Cobelli, and colleagues over three decades ago, this system of coupled ordinary differential equations prevails as an important tool for interpreting data collected during an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT).

Patient-Centered Community Diabetes Education Program Improves Glycemic Control in African-American Patients with Poorly Controlled Type 2 Diabetes: Importance of Point of Care Metabolic Measurements.

African-Americans with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) have higher morbidity and mortality partly attributed to poor glucose control and lack of formal diabetes self-management education and support (DSMES) programs compared to Whites. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare the clinical and metabolic parameters during DSMES vs. standard care in African-Americans with T2DM attending primary care inner city clinics.

comparative study of glucose homeostasis, lipids and lipoproteins, HDL functionality, and cardiometabolic parameters in modestly severely obese African Americans and White Americans with prediabetes: implications for the metabolic paradoxes.

Objective: To determine whether modestly severe obesity modifies glucose homeostasis, levels of cardiometabolic markers, and HDL function in African Americans (AAs) and white Americans (WAs) with prediabetes.

Research Design And Methods: We studied 145 subjects with prediabetes (N = 61 WAs, N = 84 AAs, mean age 46.5 ± 11.

A comparison of continuous intravenous insulin and subcutaneous insulin among patients with type 2 diabetes and congestive heart failure exacerbation.

Background: The study aims to determine whether the route of insulin administration influences glycaemic variability and inflammatory or neurohormonal markers in patients with type 2 diabetes and congestive heart failure (CHF) exacerbation.

Methods: Patients (n = 65) were randomized to intravenous (IV) insulin (duration 48 h) or subcutaneous (SQ) insulin. Inflammatory cytokines and markers of lipid oxidation, high-frequency heart rate variability (n = 27) and cardiac impedance (pre-ejection period, n = 28) were used to estimate parasympathetic and sympathetic tone in patients with valid cardiac data.

Consequences of Abdominal Adiposity within the Metabolic Syndrome Paradigm in Black People of African Ancestry.

The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a constellation of risk factors that are associated with increased risks for coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes. Although the cause is unknown, abdominal adiposity is considered the underpinning of these metabolic alterations. Hence, increased abdominal adiposity contributes to dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, beta cell dysfunction, insulin resistance, hypertension and inflammation.