Publications by authors named "Truchis P"

Lenacapavir is the first capsid inhibitor, its use is currently approved for multidrug resistant HIV-1 infection. We report that, despite an initial efficacy of a LEN-containing regimen in patients with multi-drug resistant HIV-2 viruses, virological suppression was not achieved after a year and most patients selected capsid drug-resistance associated mutations.

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Background: Assessing the potential increased risk of viral rebound (VR) in migrants requires adequate control for sex and acquisition risk groups.

Methods: People living with HIV1, enrolled in the ANRS CO4-French Hospital Database on HIV, who achieved virological suppression with antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiated between 2006 and 2016 were included. We first compared the risk of VR, with loss to follow-up and death considered as competing events, across origin among the HIV acquisition groups, then across acquisition groups among the different origins, and finally across modality of a variable combining sex, acquisition group, and origin.

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  • This study assessed the impact of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) on clearing carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) infections in patients.
  • A total of 20 patients were monitored, showing a 20% success rate for complete CPE clearance two weeks post-FMT and 40% at three months, with no significant differences when compared to a control group.
  • The analysis indicated that responder patients had a lower level of CPE before FMT and greater diversity in gut bacteria afterwards, suggesting that specific bacterial species may play a role in the success of the treatment.
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Background: Understanding COVID-19 outcomes remains a challenge. While numerous biomarkers have been proposed for severity at admission, limited exploration exists for markers during the infection course, especially for the requirement of oxygen therapy. This study investigates the potential of eosinophil count normalization as a predictor for oxygen weaning during the initial wave of the pandemic.

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Article Synopsis
  • - This narrative review focuses on the benefits and precautions of using expired antibiotics amidst ongoing shortages in Europe, evaluating existing research from PubMed/MEDLINE and Google Scholar.
  • - It examines the potential effectiveness and risks associated with using expired antibiotics, suggesting that, under proper storage conditions, many solid forms could be safe for use for at least one extra year past their expiration date.
  • - The findings emphasize the importance of reassessing expiration dates during drug shortages to ensure better access to effective treatments while minimizing safety concerns.
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Objectives: Charaterization of the plasma concentrations of antiretrovirals in a 4-days-a-week maintenance treatment strategy in the ANRS-170-QUATUOR study.

Methods: Patients were randomized in two groups receiving triple therapy taken 4-days-ON and 3-days-OFF (4/7) or continuous therapy (7/7). Plasma antiretroviral concentrations were monitored during the 'ON-treatment period' (Day 3 or 4 of the 4-day treatment block) and the 'OFF-treatment period' (Day 3 of the 3-day drug cessation) for the 4/7 group, or before the daily drug intake for the 7/7 group, until week-48 (W48).

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Objectives: Natural history and treatment of bone infections caused by carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) are poorly defined. We evaluated the effect of treatment on the progression of subacute osteomyelitis in a rabbit model.

Methods: Two isolates were used: a KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and an Escherichia coli harbouring bla and bla inserts, both susceptible to gentamicin, colistin, fosfomycin, and ceftazidime-avibactam.

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Introduction: Prior to the emergence of COVID-19, when influenza was the predominant cause of viral respiratory tract infections (VRTIs), this study aimed to analyze the distinct biological abnormalities associated with influenza in outpatient settings.

Methods: A multicenter retrospective study was conducted among outpatients, with the majority seeking consultation at the emergency department, who tested positive for VRTIs using RT-PCR between 2016 and 2018. Patient characteristics were compared between influenza (A and B types) and non-influenza viruses, and predictors of influenza were identified using two different models focusing on absolute eosinopenia (0/mm) and lymphocyte count <800/mm.

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  • The study looked at whether a combination of medicines (DOR/3TC/TDF) can help people with HIV stay healthy when taken a few days a week instead of every day.
  • It involved 43 people who had been on this treatment for a while, and they were checked for over a year and a half.
  • Only one person had a problem with the treatment, and overall, the health measures stayed about the same, suggesting this way of taking the medicine might work well for controlling the virus.
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Background: In a 4 days/week (4/7 days) maintenance strategy (ANRS-170 QUATUOR trial), the virological impact of an intermittent strategy was assessed by ultrasensitive virological analyses of reservoirs and resistance.

Methods: HIV-1 total DNA, ultra-sensitive plasma viral load (USpVL) and semen VL were measured in the first 121 participants. Sanger and ultra-deep sequencing (UDS) were performed on the HIV-1 genome (Illumina technology) according to the ANRS consensus.

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  • The study investigates the effectiveness of different treatment combinations, particularly ceftazidime/avibactam, against OXA-48-producing E. coli infections in an osteomyelitis model using rabbits.
  • Researchers induced osteomyelitis in rabbits and evaluated various treatment regimens, finding that combinations of ceftazidime/avibactam with other antibiotics significantly reduced bacterial density in bones compared to controls.
  • The results suggest that ceftazidime/avibactam, especially when combined with colistin, fosfomycin, or gentamicin, could be an effective treatment strategy for managing OXA-48/ESBL-producing E. coli infections without leading to resistance development.
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Background: Many studies have reported weight gain in ART-naive people living with HIV (PWH) initiating an integrase strand-transfer inhibitor-based regimen. We studied the impact of early or advanced presentation and that of individual drugs in PWH initiating combined ART (cART) between 2012 and 2018.

Methods: From the French Hospital Database HIV cohort, we assessed factors associated with a weight gain  ≥10%, weight change after cART initiation or BMI increase  ≥5 kg/m2 up to 30 months.

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Background: Thirty to 50% of HIV-infected patients develop HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND) despite virological control. The previously published Neuro+3 study showed their neurocognitive status can be improved by intensifying antiviral therapy. Our study is a part of the Neuro3+ study and aims to study apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) as a biomarker for neurological improvement.

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The COVID-19 pandemic is a unique crisis challenging healthcare institutions as it rapidly overwhelmed hospitals due to a large influx of patients. This major event forced all the components of the healthcare systems to adapt and invent new workflows. Thus, our tertiary care hospital was reorganized entirely.

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Background: Following a study of predictors of superinfection in viral respiratory tract infections (VRTIs), this study analyzes the predictors of the outcome.

Methods: Multicenter retrospective study conducted among adults who tested positive for VRTIs with reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. We compared characteristics between influenza virus, Paramyxoviridae, and Pneumoviridae and identified predictors of favorable short-term outcome, admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality.

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Virus-specific CD8+ T cells play a central role in HIV-1 natural controllers to maintain suppressed viremia in the absence of antiretroviral therapy. These cells display a memory program that confers them stemness properties, high survival, polyfunctionality, proliferative capacity, metabolic plasticity, and antiviral potential. The development and maintenance of such qualities by memory CD8+ T cells appear crucial to achieving natural HIV-1 control.

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Immunological non-responders (InRs) are HIV-infected individuals in whom the administration of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), although successful in suppressing viral replication, cannot properly reconstitute patient circulating CD4 T-cell number to immunocompetent levels. The causes for this immunological failure remain elusive, and no therapeutic strategy is available to restore a proper CD4 T-cell immune response in these individuals. We have recently demonstrated that platelets harboring infectious HIV are a hallmark of InR, and we now report on a causal connection between HIV-containing platelets and T-cell dysfunctions.

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Background: Intermittent (on 4 days per week) antiretroviral therapy (ART) for patients with HIV-1 might be more convenient, better tolerated, and cheaper than continuous treatment. We aimed to establish the efficacy and safety of a 4-days-on and 3-days-off (intermittent) maintenance regimen versus a standard 7 day (continuous) maintenance regimen.

Methods: In a randomised, open-label, multicentre, parallel, non-inferiority trial, we randomly assigned (1:1) adults with HIV-1 infection with a plasma viral load (pVL) of less than 50 copies per mL for more than 12 months and no drug-resistance mutations to either the intermittent regimen or their existing continuous maintenance regimen, with stratification according to third therapeutic agent (protease inhibitor, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, or integrase-strand transfer inhibitor).

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Article Synopsis
  • - HIV elite controllers possess CD4 + T cells that are highly effective in recognizing and responding to Gag antigens, which may help them resist HIV infection and depletion.
  • - These controllers demonstrate advanced Th1 differentiation patterns, but show reduced levels of the CCR5 marker compared to treated patients, indicating a lower susceptibility to HIV entry.
  • - Some controllers have genetic mutations that further limit CCR5 expression, while others may downregulate it functionally through interactions with high-avidity antigens, suggesting both genetic and functional mechanisms promote natural HIV control.
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Antibiotic treatment of native osteomyelitis caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-PE) is a challenge. Limited epidemiological and outcome data are available. This retrospective cohort study included osteomyelitis patients with ESBL-PE infections treated in a reference centre for bone and joint infections (BJIs) between 2011-2019.

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Background: Viral respiratory tract infections (VRTIs) are among the most common diseases, but the risks of superinfection for different virus species have never been compared.

Methods: Multicenter retrospective study conducted among adults who tested positive for VRTIs with reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. We compared characteristics between influenza (A or B) and paramyxoviruses (respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus types 1 and 3, and human metapneumovirus) and identified predictors of superinfection and hospitalization.

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After one year, among 236 hospital staff members (HSMs) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, we observed 5 cases of suspected reinfection in our teaching hospital in France. No probable reinfection was retained considering PCR Cycle Threshold and clinical context. Focus should concern COVID-free HSMs still not vaccinated rather than the ones previously infected.

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