Captive-reared Delta Smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus) exhibit high survival in natural conditions using in situ enclosures.

Conservation of endangered fishes commonly includes captive breeding, applied research, and management. Since 1996, a captive breeding program has existed for the federally threatened and California endangered Delta Smelt Hypomesus transpacificus, an osmerid fish endemic to the upper San Francisco Estuary. Although this program serves as a captive refuge population, with experimental releases being initiated to supplement the wild population, it was uncertain how individuals would survive, feed, and maintain condition outside hatchery conditions.

Visual, spectral, and microchemical quantification of crystalline anomalies in otoliths of wild and cultured delta smelt.

Developmental abnormalities in otoliths can impact growth and survival in teleost fishes. Here, we quantified the frequency and severity of developmental anomalies in otoliths of delta smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus), a critically endangered estuarine fish that is endemic to the San Francisco Estuary. Left-right asymmetry and anomalous crystalline polymorphs (i.

Experimental validation of otolith-based age and growth reconstructions across multiple life stages of a critically endangered estuarine fish.

Background: The application of otolith-based tools to inform the management and conservation of fishes first requires taxon- and stage-specific validation. The Delta Smelt (), a critically endangered estuarine fish that is endemic to the upper San Francisco Estuary (SFE), California, United States, serves as a key indicator species in the SFE; thus, understanding this species' vital rates and population dynamics is valuable for assessing the overall health of the estuary. Otolith-based tools have been developed and applied across multiple life stages of Delta Smelt to reconstruct age structure, growth, phenology, and migration.

A pilot study of the performance of captive-reared delta smelt Hypomesus transpacificus in a semi-natural environment.

A captive breeding programme was developed in 2008 for delta smelt Hypomesus transpacificus in reaction to dramatic population decline over several decades. We took 526 sub-adult captive-reared delta smelt and cultured them for 200 days without providing artificial food or water quality management to assess their performance once released in the wild. The results indicated captive-reared sub-adult delta smelt could survive in a semi-natural environment with uncontrolled water quality and naturally produced wild prey through spawning and into their post spawning phase.

Metabolic inflexibility during submaximal aerobic exercise is associated with glucose intolerance in obese older adults.

Objective: People with type 2 diabetes have reduced cardiorespiratory fitness and metabolic impairments that are linked to obesity and often occur prior to the development of type 2 diabetes. We hypothesized that obese, older adults with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) have lower ability to shift from fat to carbohydrate oxidation when transitioning from rest to submaximal exercise than normal glucose tolerant (NGT) controls.

Design And Methods: Glucose tolerance, body composition, and substrate oxidation (measured by RER:respiratory exchange ratio) during submaximal exercise (50% and 60% VO₂max ) and insulin infusion (3-hour hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp) were assessed in 23 sedentary, overweight-obese, older men and women.

Physical activity habits of cardiac patients participating in an early outpatient rehabilitation program.

Purpose: The primary purpose of the study was to assess whether physical activity (PA) habits change following 4 to 6 weeks of an early outpatient cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program. A secondary purpose was to determine whether the PA habits differ on days attending CR versus not attending CR.

Methods: Fourteen men and 8 women completed the study (age = 65.