Injuries in elite and recreational snowboarders.

Background: The relatively young sport of snowboarding exhibits high injury rates. The current efforts to characterise the injury pattern of snowboarders focus largely on the general snowboard population and upper extremity injuries, the most common injury site in snowboarders as a whole.

Methods: In an effort to describe the current published information available on snowboarding injuries in the elite-level population, a literature search was performed and the articles related to snowboarding injuries were analysed.

Effects of sodium bicarbonate, caffeine, and their combination on repeated 200-m freestyle performance.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO(3)), caffeine, and their combination on repeated 200-m freestyle performance. Six elite male freestyle swimmers ingested NaHCO(3) (0.3 g/kg; B), caffeine (6.