Adaptation in communication technology utilization: caring for individuals with chronic conditions in South Asia during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Background: During the Covid-19 pandemic, people with chronic conditions experienced delayed or missed care, while their carers endured social isolation, loneliness, and reduced support. Information communication technology (ICT) can be utilized to encourage continuity of care, address misinformation, and allocate support. This study aimed to identify factors associated with the ICT adaptation of South Asian carers of individuals with chronic conditions by comparing changes in ICT utilization and preferences before and during the pandemic.

Corpus callosotomy for intractable epilepsy: a contemporary series of operative factors and the overall complication rate.

Objective: Corpus callosotomy is an effective treatment for atonic seizures in patients with medically refractory epilepsy. A large modern series of corpus callosotomies performed via open craniotomy highlights the importance of establishing contemporary complication rates for this operation as a benchmark for comparison with newer methodologies. The authors' study, therefore, examined operative factors and complication rates for a sample of patients who underwent open microsurgical craniotomy for corpus callosotomy to determine current metrics regarding safety and effectiveness for this procedure.

Who is Willing to Learn About Inequality? Predictors of Choice Exposure to Messaging About Racial Disparities in Air Pollution Effects Among Black and White U.S. Residents.

Widespread public awareness is needed to address health disparities and push for effective and equitable solutions. However, in a high choice media environment, this can only be achieved to the extent that people opt to consume disparity messaging. Drawing on theories of selective exposure, the present research uses a pre-registered online study conducted with U.

The Matrix Receptor CD44 Is Present in Astrocytes throughout the Human Central Nervous System and Accumulates in Hypoxia and Seizures.

In the mammalian isocortex, CD44, a cell surface receptor for extracellular matrix molecules, is present in pial-based and fibrous astrocytes of white matter but not in protoplasmic astrocytes. In the hominid isocortex, CD44+ astrocytes comprise the subpial "interlaminar" astrocytes, sending long processes into the cortex. The hippocampus also contains similar astrocytes.

Insights from Research Network Collaborators on How to Reach Rural Communities with Cancer Prevention and Control Programs.

Purpose: This paper examines community leaders' and researchers' recommendations for reaching rural communities in a southeastern U.S. state with cancer prevention and control programming.

Caspase-9 inhibition confers stronger neuronal and vascular protection compared to VEGF neutralization in a mouse model of retinal vein occlusion.

Purpose: Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is a sight-threatening condition typically treated with intravitreal injection of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antagonists. Treatment response to anti-VEGF therapies is highly variable, with poor visual outcomes and treatment response in patients with significant retinal nonperfusion following RVO. Recently, caspase-9 has been identified as a potent regulator of edema, gliosis, and neuronal dysfunction during acute retinal hypoxia.

Apoptotic cell death in disease-Current understanding of the NCCD 2023.

Apoptosis is a form of regulated cell death (RCD) that involves proteases of the caspase family. Pharmacological and genetic strategies that experimentally inhibit or delay apoptosis in mammalian systems have elucidated the key contribution of this process not only to (post-)embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis, but also to the etiology of multiple human disorders. Consistent with this notion, while defects in the molecular machinery for apoptotic cell death impair organismal development and promote oncogenesis, the unwarranted activation of apoptosis promotes cell loss and tissue damage in the context of various neurological, cardiovascular, renal, hepatic, infectious, neoplastic and inflammatory conditions.

When the Cost of Vaping Is an Eye: A Case of an Open Globe and Superior Orbital Roof Fracture.

The authors report a penetrating orbitocerebral vape pen injury necessitating a primary enucleation and craniotomy to remove the foreign body fragments. A 31-year-old male presented with acute right vision loss after a modifiable vape pen explosion launched multiple projectile fragments into his right eye. CT revealed a deformed globe with multiple radiodense curvilinear fragments in the superior orbital roof and intracranial space.

Genuine selective caspase-2 inhibition with new irreversible small peptidomimetics.

Caspase-2 (Casp2) is a promising therapeutic target in several human diseases, including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the design of an active-site-directed inhibitor selective to individual caspase family members is challenging because caspases have extremely similar active sites. Here we present new peptidomimetics derived from the VDVAD pentapeptide structure, harboring non-natural modifications at the P2 position and an irreversible warhead.

CyclinD2-mediated regulation of neurogenic output from the retinal ciliary margin is perturbed in albinism.

In albinism, aberrations in the ipsi-/contralateral retinal ganglion cell (RGC) ratio compromise the functional integrity of the binocular circuit. Here, we focus on the mouse ciliary margin zone (CMZ), a neurogenic niche at the embryonic peripheral retina, to investigate developmental processes regulating RGC neurogenesis and identity acquisition. We found that the mouse ventral CMZ generates predominantly ipsilaterally projecting RGCs, but this output is altered in the albino visual system because of CyclinD2 downregulation and disturbed timing of the cell cycle.

Neurovascular injury associated non-apoptotic endothelial caspase-9 and astroglial caspase-9 mediate inflammation and contrast sensitivity decline.

Retinal neurovascular injuries are a leading cause of vision loss in young adults presenting unmet therapeutic needs. Neurovascular injuries damage homeostatic communication between endothelial, pericyte, glial, and neuronal cells through signaling pathways that remain to be established. To understand the mechanisms that contribute to neuronal death, we use a mouse model of retinal vein occlusion (RVO).

Noninvasive Ophthalmic Imaging Measures Retinal Degeneration and Vision Deficits in Ndufs4-/- Mouse Model of Mitochondrial Complex I Deficiency.

Purpose: To characterize postnatal ocular pathology in a Ndufs4-/- mouse model of complex I deficiency using noninvasive retinal imaging and visual testing.

Methods: Ndufs4-/- mice and wild-type (WT) littermates were analyzed at 3, 5, and 7 weeks postnatal. Retinal morphology was visualized by optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Delayed-Onset Seizures Following Self-Inflicted Nail Gun Injury to the Head: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Nail gun use and its associated incidence of injury have continued to increase since it was first introduced in 1959. While most of these injuries involve the extremities, a subset of patients suffer intracranial trauma. The most recent comprehensive review on this particular subject referenced 41 cases and advocated for further discussion regarding proper treatment plans for these individuals.

In vivo Vascular Injury Readouts in Mouse Retina to Promote Reproducibility.

Advancements in ophthalmic imaging tools offer an unprecedented level of access to researchers working with animal models of neurovascular injury. To properly leverage this greater translatability, there is a need to devise reproducible methods of drawing quantitative data from these images. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging can resolve retinal histology at micrometer resolution and reveal functional differences in vascular blood flow.

Synchronous supratentorial and infratentorial oligodendrogliomas with incongruous IDH1 mutations, a case report.

Infratentorial oligodendrogliomas, a rare pathological entity, are generally considered metastatic lesions from supratentorial primary tumors. Here, we report the case of a 23-year-old man presenting with a histopathologically confirmed right precentral gyrus grade 2 oligodendroglioma and a concurrent pontine grade 3 oligodendroglioma. The pontine lesion was biopsied approximately a year after the biopsy of the precentral lesion due to disease progression despite 4 cycles of procarbazine-CCNU-vincristine (PCV) chemotherapy and stable supratentorial disease.

Emergency responder and public health considerations for plastic sewer lining chemical waste exposures in indoor environments.

The cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) manufacturing process is used to repair buried pipes, and its waste commonly discharged into the air can enter nearby buildings. Exposure can prompt illness and the need for medical care. A mass balance model was applied to estimate indoor styrene concentrations due to intrusion of CIPP emissions through plumbing under different bathroom ventilation conditions.

Optimization of the Retinal Vein Occlusion Mouse Model to Limit Variability.

Mouse models of retinal vein occlusion (RVO) are often used in ophthalmology to study hypoxic-ischemic injury in the neural retina. In this report, a detailed method pointing out critical steps is provided with recommendations for optimization to achieve consistently successful occlusion rates across different genetically modified mouse strains. The RVO mouse model consists primarily of the intravenous administration of a photosensitizer dye followed by laser photocoagulation using a retinal imaging microscope attached to an ophthalmic guided laser.

Caspase-9: A Multimodal Therapeutic Target With Diverse Cellular Expression in Human Disease.

Caspase-9, a cysteine-aspartic protease known for its role as an initiator of intrinsic apoptosis, regulates physiological cell death and pathological tissue degeneration. Its nonapoptotic functions, including regulation of cellular differentiation/maturation, innate immunity, mitochondrial homeostasis, and autophagy, reveal a multimodal landscape of caspase-9 functions in health and disease. Recent work has demonstrated that caspase-9 can drive neurovascular injury through nonapoptotic endothelial cell dysfunction.

A Case of Pediatric Stroke: Osteosarcoma Embolus in the Internal Carotid Artery.

Stroke in the pediatric population is rare. Despite presentation similar to that seen in the adult patient, the diagnosis in a child can be missed or mistaken for a more common stroke mimic. Due to its rarity, there are no completed pediatric clinical trials investigating best treatment, though guidelines have been extrapolated from adult guidelines and retrospective cohort studies to include some combination of thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy.

Personal Determinants of Burden Among Indonesian Female Caregivers of Older Adults in Taiwan.

Introduction: Families increasingly employ foreign domestic workers (FDWs) to care for older loved ones. Caregiver burden reflects FDWs' difficulty adapting to work demands. We test hypothesized associations between burden and six personal characteristics: children, marriage, education, Chinese proficiency, eldercare experience, and non-eldercare experience.