Generating colloquial radiology reports with large language models.

Objectives: Patients are increasingly being given direct access to their medical records. However, radiology reports are written for clinicians and typically contain medical jargon, which can be confusing. One solution is for radiologists to provide a "colloquial" version that is accessible to the layperson.

Artificial Intelligence Efficacy as a Function of Trainee Interpreter Proficiency: Lessons from a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background And Purpose: Recently, artificial intelligence tools have been deployed with increasing speed in educational and clinical settings. However, the use of artificial intelligence by trainees across different levels of experience has not been well-studied. This study investigates the impact of artificial intelligence assistance on the diagnostic accuracy for intracranial hemorrhage and large-vessel occlusion by medical students and resident trainees.

A randomized study to compare oral potassium binders in the treatment of acute hyperkalemia.

Background: The KBindER (K Binders in Emergency Room and hospitalized patients) clinical trial is the first head-to-head evaluation of oral potassium binders (cation-exchange resins) for acute hyperkalemia therapy.

Methods: Emergency room and hospitalized patients with a blood potassium level ≥ 5.5 mEq/L are randomized to one of four study groups: potassium binder drug (sodium polystyrene sulfonate, patiromer, or sodium zirconium cyclosilicate) or nonspecific laxative (polyethylene glycol).

Artificial Intelligence Assessment of Renal Scarring (AIRS Study).

Background: The goal of the Artificial Intelligence in Renal Scarring (AIRS) study is to develop machine learning tools for noninvasive quantification of kidney fibrosis from imaging scans.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients who had one or more abdominal computed tomography (CT) scans within 6 months of a kidney biopsy. The final cohort encompassed 152 CT scans from 92 patients, which included images of 300 native kidneys and 76 transplant kidneys.

Kidney Function Is Not Related to Brain Amyloid Burden on PET Imaging in The 90+ Study Cohort.

Cognitive decline is common in chronic kidney disease (CKD). While the evidence of vascular cognitive impairment in this population is robust, the role of Alzheimer's pathology is unknown. We evaluated serum cystatin C-estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), brain amyloid-β positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, and cognitive function in 166 participants from The 90+ Study.

A public-policy practicum to address current issues in human, animal, and ecosystem health.

There are recognized needs for cross-training health professionals in human, animal, and ecosystem health and for public health policy to be informed by experts from medical, science, and social science disciplines. Faculty members of the Community Health and Preventive Medicine Section at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, College of Veterinary Medicine, and the Institute of Government and Public Affairs, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, have offered a public-policy course designed to meet those needs. The course was designed as a practicum to teach students the policy-making process through the development of policy proposals and to instruct students on how to effectively present accurate scientific, demographic, and statistical information to policy makers and to the public.

Associations between on-farm and slaughter plant detection of Salmonella in market-weight pigs.

Thirty swine production units in the midwestern United States were studied to assess the relationship of herd-level prevalence of Salmonella on the farm prior to slaughter versus at slaughter. Fecal samples were collected from 30 pigs on each farm within 48 h of slaughter, and 30 ileocecal lymph node samples were collected in the same shipment cohort at slaughter. Samples were cultured by conventional methods, and Salmonella identity was confirmed by serotyping.

Diversity of Salmonella serotypes in cull (market) dairy cows at slaughter.

Objective: To determine the diversity of Salmonella serotypes isolated from a large population of cull (market) dairy cows at slaughter.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Sample Population: Salmonella organisms isolated from the cecal-colon contents of 5,087 market dairy cows.

Prevalence of Salmonella spp in cull (market) dairy cows at slaughter.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of Salmonella spp in the cecal-colon contents of cull (market) dairy cows at slaughter because of potential public health ramifications.

Design: Survey study.

Sample Population: Cecal-colon contents collected from 5,087 cull (market) dairy cows at slaughter at 5 slaughter establishments across the United States.

In vitro susceptibility of Yersinia enterocolitica isolated from the oral cavity of swine.

Antimicrobial susceptibility of 181 (107 ail-harboring isolates and 74 non-ail-harboring) Yersinia enterocolitica isolates obtained from the oral cavity of swine was determined against 24 antimicrobial agents. All Y. enterocolitica isolates were susceptible to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, enrofloxacin, aminoglycosides, and nitrofurantoin.

Prevalence of pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica in groups of swine at slaughter.

In order to estimate the prevalence of swine herds infected with pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica, 103 lots of market swine were randomly selected at slaughter during six 1-month intervals. Pigs within each lot were sampled by swabbing the oral-pharyngeal surface, poststunning and postexsanguination but prescalding. Ninety-five lots (92.

Meat from dairy cows: possible microbiological hazards and risks.

The authors provide an overview of the circumstances associated with culling of dairy cattle in the United States of America (USA) and focus on the possible significant microbiological hazards associated with meat from cull dairy cows. Cull dairy cows are an important source of food in the USA, accounting for at least approximately 17% of ground beef. The potential microbiological hazards for foodborne illness from cull dairy cows discussed here include Salmonella (with special attention to S.

Reproductive performance in high producing dairy cows treated with recombinant bovine somatotropin.

The reproductive performance of 156 cows treated with recombinant bST for two consecutive lactations was assessed as part of a target animal safety study conducted in the San Joaquín Valley of central California. Daily intramuscular administration of 17.2, 51.

Bovine ketosis and somatotrophin: risk factors for ketosis and effects of ketosis on health and production.

Aspects of the metabolism and health of 63 cows which had been treated with different amounts of bovine somatotrophin (BST) daily in the preceding lactation and 25 control cows were studied. The aims of the study were first, to identify cows with ketotic conditions, either by measurements of blood metabolite concentrations or by clinical observations, secondly, to evaluate the risk of such conditions in cows treated with BST in the preceding lactation, and thirdly, to examine the metabolic and production consequences of the ketotic conditions in an environment in which the cows' health, body condition and nutrition were closely observed. The cows were categorised objectively by the use of cluster analysis into non-ketotic cows and ketonaemic cows, on the basis of their plasma metabolite concentrations.

Interval from calving to conception in high producing dairy cows treated with recombinant bovine somatotropin.

Intervals from calving to conception in cows treated for two lactations with recombinant bST were ascertained using survival analysis methods. Daily intramuscular administration of placebo, 17.2, 51.

Pregnancy incidence in high producing dairy cows treated with recombinant bovine somatotropin.

Reproductive performance in cows exposed for two lactations to recombinant bST was measured using unconditional logistic regression. Intramuscular administration of 17.2, 51.

Time series cross-correlation analysis of postparturient relationships among serum metabolites and yield variables in Holstein cows.

Time series cross-correlation analysis was used to determine relationships among serum beta-hydroxybutyrate, glucose, FFA, cholesterol, milk yield, DMI, and estimated net energy balance for 42 d postpartum for 14 multiparous cows. Milk yield was positively associated with beta-hydroxybutyrate concentrations on the same day, and milk yield was a primary determinant of metabolic change. Dry matter intake was negatively correlated with beta-hydroxybutyrate concentrations 3 d later and on the same day.

Impact of bovine somatotropin administration beginning at day 70 of lactation on serum metabolites, milk constituents, and production in cows previously exposed to exogenous somatotropin.

Metabolic and production responses are reported for 72 cows treated with bovine somatotropin (BST) for 30 days starting at day 70 of lactation. Of these 72 cows, 48 had been exposed in the preceding lactation to long-term treatment with BST at 3 dosages and 24 (controls) had not been given BST. Approximately half of the cows in each group were parity-2 cows, the rest were older.

Bovine somatotropin.

Bovine somatotropin has the potential to alter profoundly the way that dairy herds are managed and to change the ways in which veterinarians provide services to those herds. This article describes the structure, function, and action of somatotropin. The metabolic effects of somatotropin on dairy cattle are discussed.

Postparturient metabolic and production responses in cows previously exposed to long-term treatment with somatotropin.

Postparturient metabolic and production responses were studied for 85 multiparous cows consisting of controls and animals that had been previously exposed to long-term treatment with bST. Older cows previously exposed to bST at high doses (51.6 mg/d) had lower milk yields than controls.

An investigation of bulk tank milk selenium levels in the San Joaquin Valley of California.

We evaluated selenium determination of bulk milk tank samples as an alternative to testing blood selenium for evaluating herd selenium status in DHIA dairy herds in the San Joaquin Valley of California. A method of determining milk selenium levels using inductively coupled plasma spectrometry is described. Mean bulk tank milk selenium levels were 0.

Effects of hypocalcaemia on abomasal motility.

Abomasal mechanical and myoelectric activity were measured in two adult Holstein cows. Hypocalcaemia was induced using a constant infusion of disodium EDTA and serum total and diffusible calcium concentrations were measured. Abomasal motility remained normal in the face of declining calcium concentrations until a threshold value was reached (1.