Assessment of a psychiatric intervention at community level for people who inject drugs in a low-middle income country: the DRIVE-Mind cohort study in Hai Phong, Viet Nam.

Background: Access to psychiatric care for people who inject drugs (PWID) is limited/absent and stigmatized in most low-middle-income countries (LMICs). Innovative interventions are needed. We aimed to describe and assess the impact of a community-based psychiatric intervention among PWID in Hai Phong, Vietnam.

Development and assessment of a community-based screening tool for mental health disorders among people who inject drugs.

Introduction: The prevalence of mental health disorders among people who use drugs is high and well documented. This hard-to-reach population faces a very low awareness and access to mental health care, especially in developing countries. The objectives of this study were to design and assess a quick screening tool (QST) that community-based organisations (CBO) could routinely apply to a Vietnamese population of people who inject drugs (PWID), in order to refer them appropriately to mental health specialists.

No evidence of tocilizumab treatment efficacy for severe to critical SARS-CoV2 infected patients: Results from a retrospective controlled multicenter study.

To assess tocilizumab (TCZ) efficacy associated to standard of care (SOC) compared to SOC alone in severe coronavirus associated disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. In a matched case-control study from 3 French Hospital COVID-19 Departments, 27 patients with severe COVID-19 treated with TCZ and SOC were matched for baseline epidemiological and clinical features and compared to 27 severe COVID-19 patients treated with SOC alone. Baseline characteristics of the study population were comparable between groups.

"My first 48 hours out": drug users' perspectives on challenges and strategies upon release from prison.

Background: Prisoners report much higher prevalence rates of drug use and more harmful consumption patterns than the general population. People who use drugs have above-average experiences with the criminal justice system in general, and the prison system and subsequent release situations in particular. Release from prison is associated with increased mortality rates among drug users due to the risk of overdose.

Daily heroin injection and psychiatric disorders: A cross-sectional survey among People Who Inject Drugs (PWID) in Haiphong, Vietnam.

Background: Psychiatric comorbidities are frequent among people who inject drugs, they are associated with a poorer prognosis and need to be addressed. Their interaction with daily heroin injection requires clarification.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among PWID recruited in the city of Haiphong, Vietnam, by respondent-driven sampling.

Increase in Central Venous Pressure During Passive Leg Raising Cannot Detect Preload Unresponsiveness.

Objective: By analogy with the classical central venous pressure rules to assess a fluid challenge, we hypothesized that an increase in central venous pressure greater than or equal to 5 cm H2O (i.e., 4 mm Hg) during passive leg raising can predict preload unresponsiveness diagnosed by the absence of increase in velocity-time integral of the left ventricular outflow tract greater than or equal to 10% during the test (negative passive leg raising test).

Efficacy and safety of aerosolized intra-tracheal dornase alfa administration in patients with SARS-CoV-2-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS): a structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

Objectives: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may trigger severe pneumonia in coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) patients through release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and recruitment of neutrophils in the lungs. Activated neutrophils induce inflammation and severe alveolar injury by releasing neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). The backbones of many DAMPs and NETs are made of extracellular, cell-free DNA decorated with highly toxic compounds such as elastase, myeloperoxidase and citrullinated histones.

Injecting drug use during sex (known as "slamming") among men who have sex with men: Results from a time-location sampling survey conducted in five cities, France.

Background: In the last decade, European cities saw the development of "slamming," a practice related to chemsex that combines three elements: a sexual context, psychostimulant drug use, and injection practices. Epidemiological data on this practice is still sparse and media attention might have unintentionally distorted the size of this phenomenon. Therefore, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of men practicing slam and to identify factors associated with this practice.

In-Hospital Mortality-Associated Factors in Patients With Thrombotic Antiphospholipid Syndrome Requiring ICU Admission.

Background: The antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a systemic autoimmune disease defined by thrombotic events that can require ICU admission because of organ dysfunction related to macrovascular and/or microvascular thrombosis. Critically ill patients with thrombosis and APS were studied to gain insight into their prognoses and in-hospital mortality-associated factors.

Methods: This French national, multicenter, retrospective study included all patients with APS and any new thrombotic manifestations admitted to 24 ICUs (January 2000-September 2018).

CAPS criteria fail to identify most severely-ill thrombotic antiphospholipid syndrome patients requiring intensive care unit admission.

Purpose: Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome (CAPS), the most severe manifestation of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), is characterised by simultaneous thromboses in multiple organs. Diagnosing CAPS can be challenging but its early recognition and management is crucial for a favourable outcome. This study was undertaken to evaluate the frequencies, distributions and ability to predict mortality of "definite/probable" or "no-CAPS" categories of thrombotic APS patients requiring admission to the intensive care unit (ICU).

[Chapter 3. The moral economy of the availability of therapeutic innovations for neglected diseases].

The main problems of the system governing the development and dissemination of innovative medicines are known. Despite relatively low manufacturing costs, patented drugs are unduly expensive, and neglected diseases attract little pharmaceutical research. Both problems are compounded by patients who, discouraged by high prices, lack of access to competent medical services and low quality medicines, do not complete their treatment.

Effect of Noninvasive Ventilation After Unplanned Extubation.

Background: Our study set out to test the effect of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) performed after unplanned extubation.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data in a university-affiliated mixed ICU of 12 beds during a 5-y period (January 2013 to December 2017). Unplanned extubation was defined as the occurrence of an unplanned removal of the endotracheal tube, whether deliberate or accidental.

Serious adverse events and deaths linked to poor ventilator use: A report of four closed claims.

Through this series of four closed claims, we highlight examples of accidents stemming from poor ventilator use. We then review the main issues in this regard as reported in the literature and by learned societies. This case series has led us to emphasise the need for safety procedures involving systematic checks prior to use, declaration and analysis of the risk, as well as feedback and teaching regarding ventilation systems.

Constipation in critical care patients: both timing and duration matter.

Objective: Most of the studies have defined constipation as a period without stool after ICU admission. We aimed to test the impact of both duration and timing of infrequent defecation in critical care patients.

Patients And Methods: We performed a prospective, bi-center, observational study.

Norepinephrine exerts an inotropic effect during the early phase of human septic shock.

Background: We conducted this study to investigate whether norepinephrine increases cardiac contractility when administered during the early phase of septic shock.

Methods: We studied 38 patients with septic shock who had been resuscitated for <3 h and whose mean arterial pressure (MAP) remained <65 mm Hg. Echocardiographic variables were obtained before (T) and after either initiation or an increase in the dose of a norepinephrine infusion to increase MAP to ≥ 65 mm Hg (T).