Proposed framework and knowledge synthesis of services delivered by specialized professionals in childcare settings: A scoping review.

Background: Services from specialized professionals in childcare settings contribute to support early childhood development. Little is known, however, about how services are delivered in this context. The aims of this scoping review were to propose a framework to describe services delivered by specialized professionals in childcare contexts and synthesize knowledge about those services.

Effects of improved amino acid balance diet on lysine mammary utilization, whole body protein turnover and muscle protein breakdown on lactating sows.

Background: The study objective was to test the hypothesis that low crude protein (CP) diet with crystalline amino acids (CAA) supplementation improves Lys utilization efficiency for milk production and reduces protein turnover and muscle protein breakdown. Eighteen lactating multiparous Yorkshire sows were allotted to 1 of 2 isocaloric diets (10.80 MJ/kg net energy): control (CON; 19.

Acceptability of a Multimodal Telerehabilitation Intervention for Children Ages 3-8 Years with Motor Difficulties: Results of a Qualitative Study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the acceptability of a telerehabilitation intervention provided to parents of children with motor difficulties.

Material And Methods: Sixteen parents of children were purposefully recruited to participate in semi-structured interviews aimed at assessing the acceptability of the telerehabilitation intervention. Interviews were analyzed thematically.

Barriers and facilitators influencing parental adherence to prevention strategies for deformational plagiocephaly: Results from a scoping review.

Background: Deformational plagiocephaly can be prevented in many healthy infants if strategies are implemented early after birth. However, despite efforts to disseminate accurate information, parental adherence to evidence-based prevention strategies is a challenge. To date, factors - barriers and facilitators - influencing parental adherence to strategies have yet to be identified in a comprehensive manner.

Serum Cannabinoid 24 h and 1 Week Steady State Pharmacokinetic Assessment in Cats Using a CBD/CBDA Rich Hemp Paste.

Hemp based cannabinoids have gained popularity in veterinary medicine due to the potential to treat pain, seizure disorders and dermatological maladies in dogs. Cat owners are also using hemp-based products for arthritis, anxiety and neoplastic disorders with no studies assessing hemp cannabinoids, namely cannabidiol efficacy, for such disorders. Initial twenty-four pharmacokinetic and chronic dosing serum concentration in cats are sparse.

Effects of a multi-strain -based direct-fed microbial on immunity markers and intestinal morphology in diets fed to weanling pigs.

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of a multi-strain -based direct-fed microbial (DFM) on nursery pig health as indicated by intestinal mucosal and blood plasma immunological markers and intestinal morphology. Eighty pigs, of equal number of barrows and gilts (initial BW: 7.0 ± 0.

Pediatric Assessments for Preschool Children in Digital Physical Therapy Practice: Results From a Scoping Review.

Purpose: To examine and map the extent and scope of pediatric physical therapy assessments previously used in the digital context.

Methods: A 6-step evidence-based scoping methodological framework was used. Articles containing assessments conducted by a physical therapist using technology to assess a child aged 0 to 5 years were included and synthesized using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis.

Developmental alterations of intestinal SGLT1 and GLUT2 induced by early weaning coincides with persistent low-grade metabolic inflammation in female pigs.

Early-life adversity (ELA) is linked with the increased risk for inflammatory and metabolic diseases in later life, but the mechanisms remain poorly understood. Intestinal epithelial glucose transporters sodium-glucose-linked transporter 1 (SGLT1) and glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) are the major route for intestinal glucose uptake but have also received increased attention as modulators of inflammatory and metabolic diseases. Here, we tested the hypothesis that early weaning (EW) in pigs, an established model of ELA, alters the development of epithelial glucose transporters and coincides with elevated markers of metabolic inflammation.

Effects of a multi-strain -based direct-fed microbial on weanling pig growth performance and nutrient digestibility.

A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of a multi-strain -based direct-fed microbial (DFM) on growth performance and apparent nutrient digestibility of nursery pigs. Eighty pigs, of equal number of barrows and gilts (initial body weight: 7.0 ± 0.

Impact of arginine supplementation on serum prolactin and mRNA abundance of amino acid transporter genes in mammary tissue of lactating sows.

This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that supplemental dietary Arg to late-pregnant and lactating sows increases serum prolactin concentrations and mRNA abundance of SLC7A1, SLC7A2, and SLC6A14 in mammary parenchymal tissue. From day 108 of gestation and until day 21 of lactation, sows were fed a diet either supplemented with 0.10 g of l-Arg/kg body weight (BW) per day (n = 10, ARG) or 0.

Effect of dietary near ideal amino acid profile on heat production of lactating sows exposed to thermal neutral and heat stress conditions.

Background: Reduced protein diet manifested potential to mitigate heat production based on the concept of ideal amino acid profile. The hypothesis of this study was that lactating sows fed a low crude protein (LCP) diet with supplemental amino acid produce less heat compared to those fed a high crude protein (HCP) diet under both thermal neutral (TN) and heat stress (HS) conditions.

Methods: Thirty-two lactating sows were allotted to HCP (193 g CP/kg) and LCP (140 g CP/kg) diets under thermal neutral (TN, 21 ± 1.

Reduced protein diet with near ideal amino acid profile improves energy efficiency and mitigate heat production associated with lactation in sows.

Background: The study objective was to test the hypothesis that 1) lowering dietary crude protein (CP) increases dietary energetic efficiency and reduces metabolic heat associated with lactation, and 2) excessive dietary leucine (Leu) supplementation in a low CP diet decreases dietary energetic efficiency and increases metabolic heat associated with lactation.

Methods: Fifty-four lactating multiparous Yorkshire sows were allotted to 1 of 3 isocaloric diets (10.80 MJ/kg net energy): 1) control (CON; 18.

Feeding a reduced protein diet with a near ideal amino acid profile improves amino acid efficiency and nitrogen utilization for milk production in sows1,2.

Fifty-four lactating multiparous Yorkshire sows were used to test the hypothesis that feeding a reduced protein diet with a near ideal AA (NIAA) profile increases the biological utilization efficiency of N and essential AA (EAA) for milk production in part as a result of reduced dietary Leu concentration. Sows were fed 1 of 3 isocaloric diets containing the following concentration of CP (% as-fed, analyzed): 18.74 (Control: CON), 13.

Nitrogen utilization of lactating sows fed increasing dietary protein1.

The objectives of the study were 1) to quantify dietary N utilized for milk N and N loss in urine and feces, in sows fed increasing dietary CP with a constant amount of Lys, Met, Thr, and Trp to meet their standardized ileal digestible (SID) requirement and 2) to determine the optimal dietary CP concentration based on dietary N utilization for milk production. Seventy-two sows were fed 1 of 6 dietary treatments, formulated to increase the SID CP as followed: 11.8, 12.

Technical note: development of an indirect calorimetry system to determine heat production in individual lactating sows1.

The ability to determine total heat production (THP) in individual sows and litters can be logistically difficult and often requires the use of multiple animals to generate data on a per room basis. Furthermore, these systems may be costly to construct, precluding their use by many researchers. Therefore, the objective was to develop a low-cost indirect calorimetry system to determine THP in individual lactating sows and litters.

Effect of dietary protein intake on energy utilization and feed efficiency of lactating sows.

The objective of the current study was to quantify loss of energy in feces, urine, heat, and milk, to evaluate feed efficiency and to evaluate optimal ratio of dietary CP to energy for lactating sows fed increasing dietary CP. A total of 72 sows were included in the experiment from day 2 after parturition until weaning at day 28. Sows were allocated to 6 dietary treatments formulated to be isocaloric (9.

Whole-body nitrogen utilization and tissue protein and casein synthesis in lactating primiparous sows fed low- and high-protein diets.

Twenty-eight lactating Yorkshire and Yorkshire × Landrace primiparous sows were used to test the hypothesis that feeding a diet with reduced CP concentration and supplemented with crystalline AA (CAA) does not decrease milk protein yield and litter growth but improves apparent N utilization for milk protein production. Sows were assigned to 1 of 2 dietary treatments: 1) control (CON; 16.2% CP; analyzed content) or 2) low CP with CAA to meet estimated requirements of limiting AA (LCP; 12.

Short communication: Decreasing the dietary ratio of n-6 to n-3 fatty acids increases the n-3 concentration of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in weaned Holstein heifer calves.

Utilization of nutrients to improve overall heifer health is of interest because of the importance of replacement heifers to the dairy industry. The objective of our study was to compare the effect of supplementation of dietary n-3 and n-6 fatty acids (FA) on FA concentrations in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of Holstein calves. Twenty-seven Holstein heifer calves (107 ± 2.

Dynamics of nitrogen retention at two feeding levels in gestating parity 2 and 3 sows.

Parity-2 ( = 39) and -3 ( = 28; same sows from parity-2 sows) Yorkshire sows were used to measure whole body protein deposition (Pd) during gestation (maternal and pregnancy-associated) at 2 feeding levels to test the hypothesis that the pattern of whole body and maternal Pd during gestation does not differ when feeding either 15% above or 15% below estimated ME requirements, both exceeding AA requirements. Initial BW and backfat (BF) at d 26 ± 0.3 of gestation were 195.

Interference of age and supplementation of direct-fed microbial and essential oil in the activity of digestive enzymes and expression of genes related to transport and digestion of carbohydrates and proteins in the small intestine of broilers.

The objectives of this study were to describe alterations that age and dietary inclusion of direct-fed microbial (DFM) Bacillus subtilis (BS) and a specific essential oil (EO) blend (carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, cineol, and pepper extract) causes in the activity of digestive enzymes (maltase: MALT; aminopeptidase-N: APN; intestinal alkaline phosphate: IAP) and expression patterns of genes related to transport (oligopeptide transporter gene: SLC15A1; Na+-dependent glucose and galactose transporter gene: SLC5A1; Na+-independent glucose, galactose, and fructose transporter gene: SLC2A2; ATPase, Na+/K+ transporting gene: ATP1A1) and digestion (aminopeptidase-N gene: ANPEP; maltase-glucoamylase gene: MGAM; Sucrase-isomaltase gene: SI) of carbohydrates and proteins in the small intestine of broilers. Also, the objective was to analyze if growth performance of broilers is affected by supplementation (BS and EO blend). Day-old male broiler chicks (n = 1,320) were assigned to 5 treatments.

Impact of improving dietary amino acid balance for lactating sows on efficiency of dietary amino acid utilization and transcript abundance of genes encoding lysine transporters in mammary tissue.

Lactating multiparous Yorkshire sows ( = 64) were used in 2 experiments to test the hypothesis that reducing dietary CP intake and improving AA balance through crystalline AA (CAA) supplementation improves apparent dietary AA utilization efficiency for milk production and increases transcript abundance of genes encoding Lys transporter proteins in mammary tissue. In Exp. 1, 40 sows were assigned to 1 of 4 diets: 1) high CP (HCP; 16.

Dynamics of nitrogen retention in gestating gilts at two feeding levels.

Whole-body protein deposition (Pd) is a main determinant of AA requirements of gestating gilts; however, data on the dynamics of Pd is limited. The main objective of this study was to measure whole-body Pd (pregnancy-associated and maternal) during gestation in gilts at 2 feeding levels. Changes in BW and backfat (BF) throughout gestation and subsequent lactation performance were also evaluated.

Impact of feeding reduced crude protein diets to lactating sows on nitrogen utilization.

Forty lactating multiparous Yorkshire sows were used to test the hypothesis that reducing dietary CP and supplementing with crystalline amino acids (CAA) increases dietary N utilization for milk production during early and peak lactation. Sows were assigned to 1 of 4 diets: 1) 16.0% CP (as-fed; analyzed contents; HCP); 2) 15.

Feeding reduced crude protein diets with crystalline amino acids supplementation reduce air gas emissions from housing.

The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that reducing dietary CP by 1.5% and supplementing crystalline AA (CAA) to meet the standardized ileal digestible (SID) AA requirements for growing and finishing pigs decreases air emissions of ammonia (NH), nitrous oxide (NO), and carbon dioxide (CO) compared with an industry standard diet, without reducing growth performance. Seventy-two pigs were allocated to 12 rooms (6 pigs per room) and 2 diets (6 rooms per diet) formulated according to a 5-phase feeding program across the grow-finish period (107 d total).