[Amino Acid Substitution Patterns in the E6 and E7 Proteins of HPV Type 16: Phylogeography and Evolution].

The E6 and E7 proteins of the high risk human papillomaviruses (HR HPVs) play a key role in the oncogenesis associated with papillomavirus infection. Data on the variability of these proteins are limited, and the factors affecting their variability are still poorly understood. We analyzed the variability of the currently known sequences of the HPV type 16 (HPV16) E6 and E7 proteins, taking into account their geographic origin and year of sample collection, as well as the direction of their evolution in the major geographic regions of the world.

An overview of "Chronic viral infection and cancer, openings for vaccines" virtual symposium of the TechVac Network - December 16-17, 2021.

This is a report on the research activities currently ongoing in virology, oncology and virus-associated cancers and possibilities of their treatment and prevention by vaccines and immunotherapies as outlined at the symposium "Chronic viral infection and cancer, openings for vaccines" virtually held on December 16-17, 2021. Experts from the various disciplines involved in the study of the complex relationships between solid tumors and viruses met to discuss recent developments in the field and to report their personal contributions to the specified topics. Secondary end point was to sustain the TECHVAC Network established in 2016 as a multidisciplinary work group specifically devoted to development of vaccines and immunotherapies against chronic viral infections and associated cancers, with the aim to identify areas of common interest, promote research cooperation, establish collaborative cross-border programs and projects, and to coordinate clinical and research activities.

Carboxypeptidase A3-A Key Component of the Protease Phenotype of Mast Cells.

Carboxypeptidase A3 (CPA3) is a specific mast cell (MC) protease with variable expression. This protease is one of the preformed components of the secretome. During maturation of granules, CPA3 becomes an active enzyme with a characteristic localization determining the features of the cytological and ultrastructural phenotype of MC.

Abnormal promoter DNA hypermethylation of the integrin, nidogen, and dystroglycan genes in breast cancer.

Cell transmembrane receptors and extracellular matrix components play a pivotal role in regulating cell activity and providing for the concerted integration of cells in the tissue structures. We have assessed DNA methylation in the promoter regions of eight integrin genes, two nidogen genes, and the dystroglycan gene in normal breast tissues and breast carcinomas (BC). The protein products of these genes interact with the basement membrane proteins LAMA1, LAMA2, and LAMB1; abnormal hypermethylation of the LAMA1, LAMA2, and LAMB1 promoters in BC has been described in our previous publications.

Abnormal Hypermethylation of CpG Dinucleotides in Promoter Regions of Matrix Metalloproteinases Genes in Breast Cancer and Its Relation to Epigenomic Subtypes and HER2 Overexpression.

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) substantially contribute to the regulation of intercellular interactions and thereby play a role in maintaining the tissue structure and function. We examined methylation of a subset of 5'-cytosine-phosphate-guanine-3' (CpG) dinucleotides in promoter regions of the , , and genes by methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme digestion PCR. In our collection of 183 breast cancer samples, abnormal hypermethylation was observed for CpGs in , and promoter regions.

[Comparison of matrix proteinase mRNA expression in morphologically normal, neoplastic, and metastatic colon tissue and colon biopsies from healthy donors].

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) responsible for the extracellular matrix remodeling, the activation of various growth factors, and angiogenesis play an important role in the colorectal cancer (CRC) development. In the present work the comparative analysis of MMP-7, -8, -9, and -11 mRNA as well mRNA of the Ki-67 proliferation marker in tissue samples obtained from CRC patients and healthy individuals. Employing the real time PCR method the expression levels of several MMPs (MMP-7, -8, -9, and -11) and cell proliferation marker, Ki-67, were simultaneously measured in 256 tissue samples obtained from 112 patients with CRC: 112 samples of the primary tumor (CRC), 112 samples of the most distant border of morphologically normal colonic mucosa (MNT), 16 samples of liver metastases) and from 16 healthy volunteers who underwent colonoscopy and biopsy.

[Mammaglobin in peripheral blood and tumor in breast cancer patients].

Currently, no molecular biological markers do exist for early diagnosis of breast cancer. One of the possible candidates for the marker of early breast cancer is mammaglobin (MGB1) or SCGB2A2 (secretoglobin, family 2A, member 2), characterized by the maximal expression level in early breast cancer. Using the RT-PCR method MGB1 mRNA expression was examined in 57 tumor tissue samples and 57 samples of morphologically non-malignant tissue (MNT) of breast cancer (BC) patients.

[DNA methylation in the promoter regions of the laminin family genes in normal and breast carcinoma tissues].

Extracellular glycoproteins of the laminin family are essential components of basement membranes involved in a number of biological processes, including tissue differentiation, wound healing, and tumorigenesis. We present the first comprehensive study of promoter methylation status of the genes encoding laminin chains in normal tissues (peripheral blood leucocytes, buccal epithelial cells, autopsy breast tissue samples) and in breast carcinoma samples. Based on the results of this study, we divide laminin genes into three categories.

[Advenella kashmirensis subsp. methylica PK1, a facultative methylotroph from carex rhizosphere].

A strain (PK1) of facultative methylobacteria growing on methanol as a carbon and energy source was isolated from carex rhizosphere (Pamukkale National Park, Turkey). The cells were nonmotile gram-negative rods propagating by binary fission. The organism was a strict anaerobe, oxidase- and catalase-positive.

[Genetic modification of Methylobacterium extorquens G10 producer strain of polyhydroxybutyrate].

The effect of the increased copy number of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) biosynthesis genes in pink-pigmented methylobacterium Methylobacterium extorquens G10 on properties of the biopolymer was studied. The activity of poly-3-hydroxybutyril-synthase (PHB-synthase) was shown to increase and the molecular weight of synthesized PHB decreases twofold (150 --> 79 kDa) after insertion of extra copies of phaC and phaCAB genes into cells of the producer strain, whereas the physicochemical properties of the plastic changed insignificantly. White mutant M.

[Comparative characteristics of biosynthesis of polyhydroxybutyrate from methanol by Methylobacteria extorquens G10 and Methyloligella halotolerans C2].

The biosynthesis of polyhydroxybutyrate by Methylobacteria extorquens G10 and Methyloligella halotolerans C2 via the serine pathway of C1 metabolism was comparatively studied. Nitrogen limitation stimulated synthesis of the biopolymer in both cultures. It was shown that, despite the similarity of the pathways of methanol metabolism and those of polyhydroxybutyrate biosynthesis, the methylobacteria synthesized polymers of different molecular weights.

[Properties of modified amperometric biosensors based on methanol dehydrogenase and Methylobacterium nodulans cells].

The properties of amperometric biosensors based on methanol dehydrogenase (MDH), Methylobacterium nodulans cells, and the ferrocene-modified carbon paste electrode were investigated. It was shown that the addition ofhydroxyapatite (HA) to a carbon paste increased the sensitivity and operating stability of MDH biosensors. The linear range of the electrode was 0.

[Phosphate-solubilizing activity of aerobic methylobacteria].

Phosphate-solubilizing activity was found in 14 strains of plant-associated aerobic methylobacteria belonging to the genera Methylophilus, Methylobacillus, Methylovorus, Methylopila, Methylobacterium, Delftia, and Ancyclobacter. The growth of methylobacteria on medium with methanol as the carbon and energy source and insoluble tricalcium phosphate as the phosphorus source was accompanied by a decrease in pH due to the accumulation of up to 7 mM formic acid as a methanol oxidation intermediate and by release of 120-280 μM phosphate ions, which can be used by both bacteria and plants. Phosphate-solubilizing activity is a newly revealed role of methylobacteria in phytosymbiosis.

[Surface layers of methanotrophic bacteria].

Structural and functional characteristics of the regular glycoprotein layers in prokaryotes are analyzed with a special emphasis on aerobic methanotrophic bacteria. S-layers are present at the surfaces of Methylococcus, Methylothermus, and Methylomicrobium cells. Different Methylomicrobium species either synthesize S-layers with planar (p2, p4) symmetry or form cup-shaped or conicalstructures with hexagonal (p6) symmetry.

[Aerobic methylobacteria as the basis for a biosensor for dichloromethane detection].

Cells of dichloromethane (DChM) bacteria-destructors were immobilized by sorption on different types of membranes, which were fixed on the measuring surface of a pH-sensitive field transistor. The presence of DChM in the medium (0.6-8.

[Biosynthesis of polyhydroxybutyrate/valerate with different molecular weights during the growth of Methylobacterium extorquens G-10 on a methanol-pentanol mixture].

The influence of the concentration and time of addition of cosubstrate (pentanol) on the molecular weight (MW) of the polyhydroxybutyrate/valerate (PHBV) copolymer synthesized by Methylobacterium extorquens G-10 during cultivation in a methanol-containing medium has been studied. It was shown that an increase in the pentanol concentration to 20% in a mixture with methanol stimulated the biosynthesis of PHBV with a MW of approximately 1500 kDa and increased the content of valerate up to 50%, especially when pentanol was added to the log phase culture. High pentanol concentrations are toxic for the producer and reduce the total yield of PHBV.

[Degradation of the EDTA and EDTA complexes with metals by immobilized cells of Chelativorans oligotrophicus LPM-4 bacteria].

Enzymatic oxidative degradation of EDTA and EDTA complexes with metals has been investigated using immobilized cells of Chelativorans oligotrophicus LPM-4. A polarographic method, which makes it possible to register oxygen consumption by cells, has been used. For the first time, it has been indicated that the Cd-EDTA and Ni-EDTA complexes undergo degradation by the bacteria under study.

[Purification and characteristics of methanol dehydrogenase of Methylobacterium nodulans rhizosphere phytosymbionts].

Methanol dehydrogenase (MDG) of the facultative methylotrophic phytosymbiont Methylobacterium nodulans has been purified for the first time to an electrophoretically homogeneous state and characterized. The native protein with a molecular mass of 70 kDa consists of large (60 kDa) and small (6 kDa) subunits. The purified protein displayed a specter identical to that of pyrochinolinchinon (PCC)-containing MDGs (pI 8.

[EDTA degradation by cells of Chelativorans oligotrophicus immobilized on a biofilter].

A biofilter based on light expanded clay aggregate (LECA) and cells of the obligate ethylenediamine tetraacetate (EDTA) destructor Chelativorans oligotrophicus LPM-4 has been developed. The culture steadily maintained a high level of EDTA monooxygenase activity of 180-200 nmol/min/mg of protein during three months. EDTA was converted completely or by 80% at initial concentrations of 0.