Cervical and Endometrial Cancer Incidence in the Female Population from the Bryansk Region Living in Conditions of Chemical, Radioactive and Combined Environmental Contamination (2000-2020).

At the end of 36 years after the Chernobyl disaster, about 5 million people still live in the radioactively contaminated territories of Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus, and the density of radioactive contamination by Cesium-137 and Strontium-90 will remain radiologically significant for decades. We assessed cervical and endometrial cancer primary incidence (new cases) in the female population from the Bryansk region living in conditions of chemical, radioactive, and combined environmental contamination for 2000−2020. We found a significant increase in the long-term trend in the primary incidence of cervical and endometrial cancer in all the studied groups, regardless of the environmental conditions of residence (p < 0.

MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS OF HEPATIC PARENCHYMAL TISSUE REPAIR FOLLOWING EXPERIMENTAL INJURY.

The aim of the study was to investigate morphological traits of hepatic parenchymal tissue repair in response to injury using the conventional technique (closure) and an innovation method (such as hemostatic medication swab packing and modified batching). The experimental study was carried out on laboratory rats of the Winzar breed using light microscopy, standard stains for micropreparations, and morphometry. Histopathologic examination of micropreparations stained by standard methods revealed pronounced dystrophic processes in hepatocytes located near the necrotic zone (albuminous and hydropic degeneration and chromatin fragmentation in the nuclei).

Ovarian Malignancies Frequency in the Female Population from the Bryansk Region Living in Conditions of Radioactive, Chemical and Combine Contamination (2000-2020).

Radioactive contamination and chemical pollution of the environment can affect the processes of carcinogenesis, including the formation of malignant neoplasms of the ovaries in women. We used the data of official state statistics for 2000-2020 to test the hypothesis about the effect of radioactive contamination (following the Chernobyl disaster) and chemical pollutants on the incidence of ovarian malignancies in the female population of the Bryansk region. A variety of statistical approaches were used to estimate the incidence of ovarian malignancies, including the Shapiro-Wilk test, Mann-Whitney U test, Spearman's rank correlation test and linear regression.

Endothelin-1 and nitrogen oxide metabolites in risk diagnostics of arterial hypertension in persons of young and middle ages occupied in harmful working conditions.

Hypertension is a global public health problem. One of the reasons contributing to the development of arterial hypertension is endothelial dysfunction, which is expressed in the imbalance of vasoactive indicators of vascular tone - nitrogen oxide and endothelin-1. Monitoring the indicators of endothelial dysfunction in workers exposed to harmful occupational factors will help to identify a risk group for the development of occupationally caused diseases of the cardiovascular system and, in particular, arterial hypertension, for early implementation of preventive measures.

Female breast cancer risk in Bryansk Oblast, Russia, following prolonged low dose rate exposure to radiation from the Chernobyl power station accident.

Background: Ionizing radiation is a known cause of female breast cancer, but there have been few studies of the risk after prolonged radiation exposure at low dose rates.

Methods: This population-based case-control study estimated breast cancer risk after ∼25 years' exposure to radiation from the Chernobyl accident. Cases (n = 468) were women ≤55 years old when first diagnosed with invasive breast cancer during October 2008 through  February 2013, who lived in Bryansk Oblast, Russia at the time of the accident and their diagnoses.

[Epidemiological and hygiene assessment of the health status of population in the area of the construction site of low-head water power development].

Hydrotechnical facilities have significant environmental and health imyacts. Results of a hygienic assessment of the condition of environmental objects in the area of the yrojected Nizhny Novgorod low-head water ylant develoyment showed that the both air and water pollution level in decentralized water supply sources in Balakhna and Gorodets are lower than in the city of Nizhny Novgorod, and those of the water in the water supply network are higher than in the reference area. A cross-sectional study has revealed in the main grouf (Gorodets, Zavolzhye and Balakhna) the rate of morbidity of nervous system and cardiovascular diseases to be higher than in the reference group (Nizhny Novgorod), with cardiovascular diseases being the largest contributor to the overall grevalence rate in the groug under analysis; and digestive system diseases, in the reference group.

[The Buccal Epithelium as Environmental Indicator].

The use of the buccal mucosa cell micronucleus test for comparison of chemical, radiation, and radiation-chemical environmental pollution has been considered. The combined impact of chemical and radiation factors has been found to cause additive effects, synergism, and inhibition. It has been noted that the cytogenetic characteristics of the buccal epithelium may be used as a "biological dosimeter" of the total level of environmental pollution.

[Pain and electroneuromyographic parameters in patients with vibration disease].

131 patients with diagnosed vibration disease were examined. Intensity, type and localization of pain syndromes were detected with the use of numeral rating scale (NRS) and questionnaires for neuropathic pain (DN4, LANSS, Pain DETECT). Functions of ulnar and median nerves were studied by means of electroneuromyography.

[Effect of radioactive, toxic, and combined radiation and toxic pollution of the environment on the incidence of malignant neoplasms in children of the Briansk region].

Comparative evaluation of the frequency of incidence of all forms of primary malignant tumors in the child population over the fourteen-year period (1995-2008.) is presented. Evaluation was carried out in ecologically unfavorable territories of the Bryansk region with varying density of radioactive (from 28.

[Biochemical parameters of cardiovascular pathology risk in automobile drivers].

Examination of 94 city bus drivers with long length of service revealed changes in lipid metabolism and C-reactive protein level, dependent on the examinees' age and length of service. Matching the biochemical parameters and clinical data proved that dyslipoproteinemia and serum C-reactive protein level could indicate cardiovascular risk in city bus drivers.

[Pathogenesis and classification of chronic encephalopathy due neurotoxic chemicals (review of literature)].

The review covers contemporary views of chronic occupational toxic encephalopathies pathogenesis and classifications of these occupational disorders. Pathophysiologic viewpoints on development and course of chronic brain disorders are presented, general mechanisms of vascular and toxic encephalopathies are considered.

[Influence of hazardous work conditions of chemical production on health state of the aged workers].

Influence of hazardous work conditions of chemical production on health state of the aged workers. When compared with the group aged under 45 years, prevalence of nervous, cardiovascular and locomotor diseases is 1.5-4 times higher in workers aged over 45 and engaged into main occupations (device operators, operators, fitters) in production of organic glass, dichloroethane, polyurethane foam and subjected continuously to chemicals 2 and more times exceeding MAC.

[Influence of working environment factors on health state of road police officers controlling traffic (review of literature)].

The analytic review demonstrated negative influence of polluted air on respiratory diseases formation, on development of pathologic changes in neuro-endocrine and cardiovascular systems, kidneys and blood of traffic regulation officers. Special attention was put on possible carcinogenic and genotoxic influence of air polluted with chemicals in exhaust automobile gases.

Experiment LEND of the NASA Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter for high-resolution mapping of neutron emission of the Moon.

The scientific objectives of neutron mapping of the Moon are presented as 3 investigation tasks of NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter mission. Two tasks focus on mapping hydrogen content over the entire Moon and on testing the presence of water-ice deposits at the bottom of permanently shadowed craters at the lunar poles. The third task corresponds to the determination of neutron contribution to the total radiation dose at an altitude of 50 km above the Moon.

ret/PTC activation is not associated with individual radiation dose estimates in a pilot study of neoplastic thyroid nodules arising in Russian children and adults exposed to Chernobyl fallout.

Background: Ionizing radiation is the strongest risk factor known for the development of thyroid neoplasia. While previous studies have demonstrated a high prevalence of ret/papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) activation in cohorts of patients developing thyroid nodules after childhood exposure to ionizing radiation, no study has directly compared ret/PTC activation with individual estimates of radiation dose to the thyroid. This study combines individual thyroid dosimetry data with molecular analysis of surgically removed thyroid nodules in order to determine if ret/PTC activation in thyroid nodules is associated with increasing estimated radiation dose from Chernobyl.

The Dynamic Albedo of Neutrons (DAN) experiment for NASA's 2009 Mars Science Laboratory.

We present a summary of the physical principles and design of the Dynamic Albedo of Neutrons (DAN) instrument onboard NASA's 2009 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission. The DAN instrument will use the method of neutron-neutron activation analysis in a space application to study the abundance and depth distribution of water in the martian subsurface along the path of the MSL rover.

[Craniospinal electromagnetic therapy in the neurological practice].

Effectiveness of a new method for treating neurological disorders based on the use of trans-cranial electro- and magnetic stimulation in patients with vascular, vertebral and traumatic pathology of the nervous system is presented. Different frequency parameters of transcranial electrical stimulation and superposition methods of the magnetic generator are proposed taking into account the specific features of neurodynamics and pathogenesis of diseases. The effect of craniospinal electromagnetic therapy on the autonomic nervous system is demonstrated.

[Comparative assessment of the strength properties of the mucous membrane of the stomach in patients with peptic ulcer and the effect of quamatel on ulcer cicatrization in experiment].

The article reviews the research work of the authors on the strength properties of the mucous membrane of the stomach in patients with peptic ulcer and in experiment with quamatel application. Experiments were performed in laboratory animals and resected stomachs of patients with duodenal or stomach ulcer and complications requiring scheduled surgical treatment. The results of the research into the maximum tension (durability) of the stomach mucous membrane, antrum, and the periulcer area are described.

[Clinical and electric neuromyographic correlations in vibration disease caused by local vibration].

The authors represented results of correlating hypoalgesia levels and characteristics of hand bone and joint disorders in vibration disease patients with activation speed and amplitude of evoked action potential in sensory fibres of median and ulnar nerves.

Microarray comparative genomic hybridization reveals genome-wide patterns of DNA gains and losses in post-Chernobyl thyroid cancer.

Genetic gains and losses resulting from DNA strand breakage by ionizing radiation have been demonstrated in vitro and suspected in radiation-associated thyroid cancer. We hypothesized that copy number deviations might be more prevalent, and/or occur in genomic patterns, in tumors associated with presumptive DNA strand breakage from radiation exposure than in their spontaneous counterparts. We used cDNA microarray-based comparative genome hybridization to obtain genome-wide, high-resolution copy number profiles at 14,573 genomic loci in 23 post-Chernobyl and 20 spontaneous thyroid cancers.