Normal range and risk factors for deviating body temperatures during the first 24 hours in term-born infants under standardised care: an observational study.

Objective: Body temperature for a known ambient temperature is not known for infants born at term. We aimed to determine the normal range and the incidences of hypothermia and hyperthermia during the first 24 hours of life in healthy term-born infants nursed according to WHO recommendations.

Design: Prospective observational study.

Early surfactant and non-invasive ventilation versus intubation and surfactant: a propensity score-matched national study.

Objective: To compare outcome after less invasive surfactant administration (LISA) and primary endotracheal intubation (non-LISA) in infants born before gestational age (GA) 28 weeks.

Setting: All neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in Norway during 2012-2018.

Methods: Defined population-based data were prospectively entered into a national registry.

Trends in the prevalence of breastfeeding up to 6 months of age using structured data from routine child healthcare visits.

Aim: The Norwegian Action Plan for a Healthier Diet (2017-2021) set the target that 25% of infants should be exclusively breastfed for 6 months by 2022. Our aim was to determine trends in the prevalence and duration of breastfeeding in the municipality of Bergen.

Methods: Data on breastfeeding status in 2010-2018 were extracted from a standardised electronic medical record kept by public child health centres and recorded as exclusive, partial or none, at 6 weeks and 6 months of age.

Tracking of lung function from 10 to 35 years after being born extremely preterm or with extremely low birth weight.

Background: Lifelong pulmonary consequences of being born extremely preterm or with extremely low birth weight remain unknown. We aimed to describe lung function trajectories from 10 to 35 years of age for individuals born extremely preterm, and address potential cohort effects over a period that encompassed major changes in perinatal care.

Methods: We performed repeated spirometry in three population-based cohorts born at gestational age ≤28 weeks or with birth weight ≤1000 g during 1982-85, 1991-92 and 1999-2000, referred to as extremely preterm-born, and in term-born controls matched for age and gender.

Modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for obstetric anal sphincter injury in a Norwegian Region: a case-control study.

Background: Obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASI) is a common and severe complication of vaginal delivery and may have short- and long-term consequences, including anal incontinence, sexual dysfunction and reduced quality of life. The rate of OASI varies substantially between studies and national birth statistics, and a recent meta-analysis concluded that there is a need to identify unrecognized risk factors. Our aim was therefore to explore both potential modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for OASI.

Psychological health in preschool children with underweight, overweight or obesity: a regional cohort study.

Objective: To examine if underweight (UW), overweight (OW) or obesity (OB), or body mass index (BMI) expressed as its SD score (BMI SDS), were associated with psychological difficulties in preschool children.

Design: Regional cohort study.

Setting: Oppland County, Norway.

Heart rate during the first 24 hours in term-born infants.

Objective: Heart rate (HR) is an important clinical parameter in newborn infants, but normal ranges are poorly defined. Our aim was to establish normal reference ranges and individual variations in HR as obtained by auscultation in healthy term-born infants during the first 24 hours of life.

Design: Observational study.

Voice and Exercise Related Respiratory Symptoms in Extremely Preterm Born Children After Neonatal Patent Ductus Arteriosus.

To investigate voice characteristics and exercise related respiratory symptoms in extremely preterm born 11-year-old children, focusing particularly on associations with management of a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Prospective follow-up of all children born in Norway during 1999-2000 at gestational age <28 weeks or with birthweight <1,000 g. Neonatal data were obtained prospectively on custom-made registration forms completed by neonatologists.

Sex-related change in BMI of 15- to 16-year-old Norwegian girls in cross-sectional studies in 2002 and 2017.

Background: The prevalence of overweight and obesity (OWOB) has stabilized in some countries, but a portion of children with high body mass index (BMI) may have become heavier. This study aimed to describe the distributions of BMI and the point prevalence of OWOB in Norwegian adolescents in 2002 and 2017.

Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 15- to 16-year-old adolescents in Oppland, Norway, was undertaken in 2002 and 2017.

Parent psychological wellbeing in a single-family room versus an open bay neonatal intensive care unit.

Background: Studies of parents' psychological well-being in single-family rooms in neonatal intensive care units have shown conflicting results.

Aims: To compare emotional distress in the form of depression, anxiety, stress and attachment scores among parents of very preterm infants cared for in a single-family rooms unit vs an open bay unit.

Study Design: Prospective survey design.

A family-oriented intervention programme to curtail obesity from five years of age had no effect over no intervention.

Aim: To examine the effect of a family-oriented multidisciplinary intervention programme to curtail weight increase in young children with obesity.

Methods: Children who weighed more than one kilogram above the 97th percentile for height at the preschool assessment in Oppland County, Norway, were identified. Parents residing in one part of the county were invited to participate in a group-based three-year intervention programme while the rest had no interventions.

Sleep problems, behavioural problems and respiratory health in children born extremely preterm: a parental questionnaire study.

Objective: To explore whether children born extremely preterm (EPT) with different types of sleep problems had more behavioural and respiratory health problems than EPT children without sleep problems.

Design: Prospective, nationwide, questionnaire-based study. At 11 years of age, parents reported on four current sleep problems: difficulty falling asleep or frequent awakenings, snoring, daytime sleepiness and not recommended sleep duration (<9 hours).

Comparison of physical activity and body composition in a cohort of children born extremely preterm or with extremely low birth weight to matched term-born controls: a follow-up study.

Objectives: To compare physical activity and body composition in a cohort of children born extremely preterm/extremely low birth weight (EP/ELBW) with term-born (TB) controls.

Methods: A regional cohort of children born during 1999-2000 at gestational age <28 weeks or with birth weight <1000 g and their individually matched TB controls were examined in 2010-2011. Information on physical activity was obtained from parental questionnaires, and body composition was determined by anthropometry and dual X-ray absorptiometry.

No significant associations between breastfeeding practices and overweight in 8-year-old children.

Aim: The aim was to examine if breastfeeding practices were associated with body mass index (BMI) and risk of overweight or obesity in third grade (8 years) of elementary school.

Methods: In a regional cohort, we related BMI z-scores and presence of overweight or obesity at 8 years of age with ever being breastfed and with duration of exclusive and partial breastfeeding after adjusting for potential confounders. Parents completed questionnaires on breastfeeding and sociodemographic and lifestyle factors at school entry, and public health nurses measured height and weight.

Development and predictors of childhood mental health problems in former extremely preterm infants.

Objective: To investigate development and predictors of mental health problems from five to eleven years of age in children born extremely preterm (EP).

Method: In a national Norwegian cohort of children born before a gestational age of 28 weeks or with a birthweight <1000 g mental health was assessed by parents at five and eleven years of age using The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. A Total Difficulties Score ≥ 90th percentile (TDS90) for a reference group was used as a measure of a mental health problem.

Single-family room design in the neonatal intensive care unit did not improve growth.

Aim: The aim was to compare growth in very premature infants cared for in a single-family room (SFR) and an open-bay (OB) unit. We recorded duration of parental presence and skin-to-skin contact as proxies for parental involvement in care of their infants.

Methods: We consecutively included infants with gestational ages 28 + 0 through 32 + 0 weeks at two hospitals in Norway, one SFR unit (n = 35) and one OB unit (n = 42).

Survival and Impairment of Extremely Premature Infants: A Meta-analysis.

Context: Survival of infants born at the limit of viability varies between high-income countries.

Objective: To summarize the prognosis of survival and risk of impairment for infants born at 22 + 0/7 weeks' to 27 + 6/7 weeks' gestational age (GA) in high-income countries.

Data Sources: We searched 9 databases for cohort studies published between 2000 and 2017 in which researchers reported on survival or neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Sleep Duration and Nocturnal Awakenings in Infants Born with Gestational Risk.

Objective: Infants born with gestation-related risks (low birth weight (LBW), small for gestational age (SGA), and prematurely born infants) are faced with a cascade of developmental issues. The aim of this study was to investigate whether infants with gestation-related risks have different patterns of parent-reported sleep duration and nocturnal awakenings than children without these risk factors.

Methods: Information on sleep duration and nocturnal awakenings was obtained by parental report at age 6 and 18 months in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study, which is a population-based longitudinal pregnancy cohort study conducted at the Norwegian Institute of Public Health.

Renal function and blood pressure in 11 year old children born extremely preterm or small for gestational age.

Background: Preterm birth and low birth weight are associated with reduced nephron numbers and increased risk of hypertension and kidney disease in later life.

Aims: We tested the hypothesis that extremely preterm birth and intrauterine growth restriction is associated with decreased renal function in mid childhood.

Methods: At 11 years of age the following measures were obtained in a regional cohort of children born extremely premature (EP, i.

Serum concentrations of C-reactive protein in healthy term-born Norwegian infants 48-72 hours after birth.

Aim: To determine serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations in healthy term-born infants shortly after birth.

Methods: We sampled blood from 182 infants along with the routine neonatal screening programme at 48-72 hours of age from consecutively recruited healthy infants without signs of infection and a gestational age (GA) of at least 37 weeks. The blood was stored at minus 20°C until analysis in one assay after the end of the study.

NICU Dialects: Understanding Norwegian Practice Variation.

In Norway, a national consensus-based guideline used to address thresholds for offering life support at extreme preterm birth was issued in 1998. Since then, therapeutic advances may have changed attitudes and expectations to treatment, both within the medical community and the public, and there are concerns that systematic variations in treatment practices may exist. With this article, we describe current practices and relate them to other ethical and legal comparable areas in health care.

Prenatal and Neonatal Factors Predicting Sleep Problems in Children Born Extremely Preterm or With Extremely Low Birthweight.

Prematurely born children have been reported to have more sleep problems throughout childhood than children born at term. The aim of this study was to explore if prenatal or neonatal factors can predict sleep problems at age 11 years in children born extremely preterm (EPT). A prospective observational study of all infants who were born EPT in Norway in 1999 and 2000.