Characterizing the flavodoxin landscape in .

Unlabelled: infections have become a major challenge in medical facilities. The bacterium is capable of spore formation allowing the survival of antibiotic treatment. Therefore, research on the physiology of is important for the development of alternative treatment strategies.

Destination and Specific Impact of Different Bile Acids in the Intestinal Pathogen .

The anaerobic bacterium represents one of the most problematic pathogens, especially in hospitals. Dysbiosis has been proven to largely reduce colonization resistance against this intestinal pathogen. The beneficial effect of the microbiota is closely associated with the metabolic activity of intestinal microbes such as the ability to transform primary bile acids into secondary ones.

A Point Mutation in the Transcriptional Repressor PerR Results in a Constitutive Oxidative Stress Response in Clostridioides difficile 630Δ.

The human pathogen has evolved into the leading cause of nosocomial diarrhea. The bacterium is capable of spore formation, which even allows survival of antibiotic treatment. Although features an anaerobic lifestyle, we determined a remarkably high oxygen tolerance of the laboratory reference strain 630Δ A mutation of a single nucleotide (single nucleotide polymorphism [SNP]) in the DNA sequence (A to G) of the gene encoding the regulatory protein PerR results in an amino acid substitution (Thr to Ala) in one of the helices of the helix-turn-helix DNA binding domain of this transcriptional repressor in 630Δ PerR is a sensor protein for hydrogen peroxide and controls the expression of genes involved in the oxidative stress response.

Susceptibility of livestock-associated methicillin-resistant (LA-MRSA) to chlorhexidine digluconate, octenidine dihydrochloride, polyhexanide, PVP-iodine and triclosan in comparison to hospital-acquired MRSA (HA-MRSA) and community-aquired MRSA (CA-MRSA): a standardized comparison.

Background: Recent publications have raised concerns of reduced susceptibilities of clinical bacterial isolates towards biocides. This study presents a comparative investigation of the susceptibility of livestock-associated Methicillin-resistant (LA-MRSA), hospital-acquired MRSA (HA-MRSA) and community-aquired MRSA (CA-MRSA) to the commonly used antiseptics chlorhexidine (CHX), octenidine (OCT), polyhexanide (PHMB), PVP-iodine (PVP-I) and triclosan (TCX) based on internationally accepted standards.

Methods: In total, 28 (18 LA-, 5 HA- and 5 CA) genetically characterized MRSA strains representing a broad spectrum of hosts, clonal complexes and spa-types, as well as the reference methicillin-sensitive (MSSA) strain ATCC 6538, were selected.

Differential View on the Bile Acid Stress Response of .

is an intestinal human pathogen that uses the opportunity of a depleted microbiota to cause an infection. It is known, that the composition of the intestinal bile acid cocktail has a great impact on the susceptibility toward a infection. However, the specific response of growing cells to diverse bile acids on the molecular level has not been described yet.

Shed-blood-separation and cell-saver: an integral Part of MiECC? Shed-blood-separation and its influence on the perioperative inflammatory response during coronary revascularization with minimal invasive extracorporeal circulation systems - a randomized controlled trial.

Objective: The postoperative systemic inflammatory response after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is still an undesirable side-effect after cardiac surgery. It is most likely caused by blood contact with foreign surfaces and by the surgical trauma itself. However, the recirculation of activated shed mediastinal blood is another main cause of blood cell activation and cytokine release.

Ischemic preconditioning results in an ATP-dependent inhibition of cytochrome C oxidase.

Purpose: This study addresses the effect of short myocardial ischemia on inhibitory effect of ATP for mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (CytOx) activity in myocardium and subsequent hemodynamic alterations. The activity of CytOx is inhibited by ATP (primary substrate control). This additional mechanism was proposed to be switched off at higher mitochondrial membrane potential values in case of stress.

Effects of cyclosporine pretreatment on tissue oxygen levels and cytochrome oxidase in skeletal muscle ischemia and reperfusion.

We hypothesized that pretreatment with single-dose cyclosporine (CsA) prevents alterations and improves tissue oxygen and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase redox (CytOx) state in skeletal muscle ischemia and reperfusion-reoxygenation (I/R). Latissimus dorsi muscle was prepared and mobilized in New Zealand white rabbits. Ischemia was induced for 4 h, followed by 2 h of reperfusion.

Microvascular tissue oxygenation and oxidative metabolism changes in the pedicled latissimus dorsi muscle during graded hypoxia: correlation between near infrared and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Background: In this study, the microvascular tissue oxygenation and oxidative muscle metabolism during graded hypoxia and reoxygenation were examined in a rabbit model by near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and correlated with high-energy phosphates measured by (31)P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.

Materials And Methods: Graded hypoxia was performed in a New Zealand rabbit model (n = 20, 2.0 ± 0.

Importance of real-time tissue oximetry: relationship to muscle oxygenation and tissue viability.

Background: There is currently no efficient and reliable clinical means of assessing the degree of ischemia- and reperfusion-associated damage in microvascular transplants. The objective was to study correlation of tissue oxygen tension measurements with tissue oxygen saturation, cytochrome oxidase redox state, and tissue viability.

Materials And Methods: Latissimus dorsi muscle was dissected and mobilized in New Zealand white rabbits (n = 30, 2.

Epicardial measurement of alterations in extracellular pH and electrolytes during ischemia and reperfusion in cardiac surgery.

Simultaneous measurements of extracellular pH, potassium (K(+)), and calcium (Ca(2+)) activity might be indicative of myocardium vitality or ischemia. Ten consecutive patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting were studied. Epicardial extracellular pH, potassium, and calcium were measured by a miniaturized disposable multi-sensor probe.

Direct measurement of myocardial oxygen tension and high energy phosphate content under varying ventilatory conditions in rabbits.

Effective myocardial oxygen supply should not be compromised during cardiac surgery as it is essential to avoid circulatory and cardiac dysfunction. Local measurement of myocardial oxygen partial pressure (pO2) was therefore introduced into the operative monitoring of myocardial ischemia. The aim of the present study was to assess whether myocardial oxygen partial pressure correlates with the content of high energy phosphates (HEPs).

Heat stress attenuates ATP-depletion and pH-decrease during cardioplegic arrest.

Background: The capacity of heat stress induction to improve myocardial tolerance against ischemia is well known. We investigated cardiac energy metabolism after hsp 72(+)/73(+) induction in isolated perfused neonatal rabbit hearts subjected to prolonged cold cardioplegic ischemia.

Methods: Hearts from neonatal rabbits were excised, isolated perfused and arrested by 2-h cold cardioplegic ischemia.

Large-dose pretreatment with methylprednisolone fails to attenuate neuronal injury after deep hypothermic circulatory arrest in a neonatal piglet model.

Conflicting results have been reported with regard to the neuroprotective effects of steroid treatment with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA). We evaluated the mode and severity of neuronal cell injury in neonatal piglets after prolonged DHCA and the possible neuroprotective effect of systemic pretreatment (>6 h before surgery) with large-dose methylprednisolone (MP). Nineteen neonatal piglets (age, <10 days; weight, 2.

Muscle tissue oxygen tension and oxidative metabolism during ischemia and reperfusion.

Background: Recent studies have shown a relationship between alterations in tissue oxygen metabolism and cellular changes following ischemia and reperfusion, such as energy store depletion and intracellular acidosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between tissue energy metabolism and intramuscular tissue oxygen tension in the mobilized latissimus dorsi muscle.

Material And Methods: The latissimus dorsi muscle was raised in New Zealand white rabbits (n = 10, 2.

Efficacy of ion-selective probes in early epicardial in vivo detection of myocardial ischemia.

Myocardial hypoxia is accompanied by increased epicardial potassium activity. In this experimental study in rabbits (n = 13), with ion-selective probes, we correlated our findings with an exact evaluation of myocardial oxygen tension, hemodynamic data and arterial and venous blood gas analysis. The epicardial potassium activity had good correlation with these parameters (pm = -0.

Navigation-assisted sclerotherapy of orbital venolymphatic malformation: a new guidance technique for percutaneous treatment of low-flow vascular malformations.

Percutaneous sclerotherapy of orbital low-flow vascular malformations requires precise procedural guidance. For the treatment of a patient with an orbital venolymphatic malformation, we sought to optimize guidance by combining navigation assistance for needle placement with intralesional contrast medium injection for assessment of venous drainage. By using a surgical navigation system (Vector Vision, BrainLAB, Munich, Germany), multiplanar target lesion visualization was performed after fusion of CT and MR imaging data, which allowed precise puncture planning.

[Image-guided navigation for the control interstitial laser therapy of vascular malformations in the head and neck region].

Laser-induced interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) is a proven minimally invasive surgical technique for the treatment of haemangiomas and vascular malformations, and various tumours. The intra-lesion application of thermal energy destroys regional tissue. The percutaneous placement of the laser fibre for photocoagulation is done without the benefit of direct visual control.

Ossifying fibroma of the skull: interactive image-guided minimally invasive localization and resection.

Ossifying fibroma is a benign fibro-osseous tumor commonly affecting the craniofacial bones. It is considered to be a locally aggressive and quickly expansible bone lesion. Because of its aggressive nature and high recurrence rate, early detection and complete surgical removal are essential.

Detection of anti-hsp70 immunoglobulin G antibodies indicates better outcome in coronary artery bypass grafting patients suffering from severe preoperative angina.

Background: Recent findings indicate that molecular chaperones actively participate in myocardial cytoprotection. Moreover, ischemic tolerance can be induced in humans by brief ischemic events. Therefore, we investigated patients with severe angina attacks before coronary artery bypass grafting.

Temporary intermaxillary fixation using individualized acrylic splints permits image-data-based surgery of the lower jaw and oropharynx.

Objectives/hypothesis: Image-data-based surgical navigation is used as a helpful device in the operating room to localize critical structures with a high degree of accuracy. It also enables physicians to plan therapeutic performance. Because it relies on preoperatively acquired computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data, there is restricted access for navigation of surgical instruments in areas that show motion uncorrelated with radiologic data.

Release patterns of astrocytic and neuronal biochemical markers in serum during and after experimental settings of cardiac surgery.

Objective: Brain injury and altered psychomotor development in infants, children and adults after cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) is still a matter of concern. Early diagnosis and identification of brain injury that has occurred or is ongoing by measurement of biochemical markers in serum may have diagnostic and prognostic value. The aim of the experimental studies in an animal model was therefore to investigate the release patterns of astroglial and neuronal markers in serum and to determine the morphological and immunohistochemical changes in the brain of animals undergoing similar perfusion conditions of CPB and a period of DHCA.

[Registration using three-dimensional laser surface scanning for navigation in oral and craniomaxillofacial surgery].

Introduction: Recent innovations in laser scanning technology provide a potentially useful tool for three-dimensional surface registration for image-guided surgery. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical reliability of this technique in oral and maxillofacial surgical procedures using image-guided navigation.

Methods: In an experimental step, a stable anthropomorphic skull model with prelabeled markers was scanned and registered with laser surface scanning (z-touch, BrainLAB) and marker- based algorithms.